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Exploiting the Intrinsic Neighborhood Semantic Structure for Domain Adaptation in EEG-based Emotion Recognition

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IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing 2025年

作者： Yang, Yi Wang, Ze Song, Yu Jia, Ziyu Wang, Boyu Jung, Tzyy-Ping Wan, Feng Macau University of Science and Technology Macao Centre for Mathematical Sciences Respiratory Disease AI Laboratory on Epidemic Intelligence and Medical Big Data Instrument Applications Faculty of Innovation Engineering 999078 China Tianjin University of Technology School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Tianjin Key Laboratory of New Energy Power Conversion Transmission and Intelligent Control Tianjin300384 China Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Key Laboratory of Brainnetome and Brain-Computer Interface and Brainnetome Center Institute of Automation Beijing100045 China Western University Department of Computer Science Brain Mind Institute LondonONN6A 3K7 Canada University of California at San Diego Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience Institute for Neural Computation La Jolla CA92093 United States University of Macau Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Science and Technology China University of Macau Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Institute of Collaborative Innovation 999078 China

Due to the inherent non-stationarity and individual differences present in electroencephalogram (EEG) signals, developing a generalizable model that performs well on new subjects is challenging in EEG-based emotion recognition. Most existing domain adaptation (DA) methods typically mitigate these discrepancies by aligning the marginal distributions of domain feature representations. However, when there is a significant difference in the class-conditional distribution between domain features and labels, the domain-invariant features learned by aligning marginal distributions may have limited discriminative ability for unlabeled target instances or even prove counterproductive. To address this issue, we propose a Neighborhood Semantic Aware Learning-based Dynamic Graph Attention Convolution (NSAL-DGAT) approach that learns target semantic information by considering the inter-domain semantic topological structure, thereby improving classifier adaptation for target instances. Specifically, the proposed NSAL framework is designed to capitalize on the insight that after domain feature alignment, some target samples and their neighboring source samples exhibit similar semantics. By leveraging the neighborhood topological structure, we extract and incorporate semantic target features to train a more transferable classifier. Besides, we implement an entropy weighting mechanism to emphasize representative target semantic information, encouraging target instances to prioritize high-confidence individuals within the source neighborhood. We have conducted extensive experiments on the public SEED dataset and our collected the Hearing-Impaired EEG Dataset (HIED). The experimental results underscore the efficacy of our proposed NSAL-DGAT approach, showcasing state-of-the-art accuracy in subject-dependent as well as subject-independent scenarios. The source code is available at https://***/YYingDL/NSAL-DGAT. © 2010-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Speech analysis

A method for the ethical analysis of brain-inspired AI

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Farisco, Michele Baldassarre, Gianluca Cartoni, Emilio Leach, Antonia Petrovici, Mihai A. Rosemann, Achim Salles, Arleen Stahl, Bernd van Albada, Sacha J. Centre for Research Ethics and Bioethics Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden Biogem Biology and Molecular Genetics Research Institute AV Ariano Irpino Italy Laboratory of Computational Embodied Neuroscience Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies National Research Council of Italy Rome Italy Centre for Computing and Social Responsibility De Montfort University Leicester United Kingdom Department of Physiology University of Bern Bern Switzerland Institute of Neuroethics Sweden School of Computer Science University of Nottingham United Kingdom Jülich Research Centre Jülich Germany Institute of Zoology University of Cologne Cologne Germany

Despite its successes, to date Artificial Intelligence (AI) is still characterized by a number of shortcomings with regards to different application domains and goals. These limitations are arguably both conceptual (e.g., related to underlying theoretical models, such as symbolic vs. connectionist), and operational (e.g., related to robustness and ability to generalize). Biologically inspired AI, and more specifically brain-inspired AI, promises to provide further biological aspects beyond those that are already traditionally included in AI, making it possible to assess and possibly overcome some of its present shortcomings. This article examines some conceptual, technical, and ethical issues raised by the development and use of brain-inspired AI. Against this background, the paper asks whether there is anything ethically unique about brain-inspired AI. The aim of the paper is to introduce a method that has a heuristic nature and that can be applied to identify and address the ethical issues arising from brain-inspired AI. The conclusion resulting from the application of this method is that, compared to traditional AI, brain-inspired AI raises new foundational ethical issues and some new practical ethical issues, and exacerbates some of the issues raised by traditional AI. © 2023, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Heuristic methods

Learning offline: Memory replay in biological and artificial reinforcement learning

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Roscow, Emma L. Chua, Raymond Costa, Rui Ponte Jones, Matt W. Lepora, Nathan Centre de Recerca Matemàtica Bellaterra Spain McGill University and Mila Montréal Canada Bristol Computational Neuroscience Unit Intelligent Systems Lab Department of Computer Science University of Bristol United Kingdom School of Physiology Pharmacology and Neuroscience University of Bristol Bristol United Kingdom Department of Engineering Mathematics Bristol Robotics Laboratory University of Bristol Bristol United Kingdom

Learning to act in an environment to maximise rewards is among the brain’s key functions. This process has often been conceptualised within the framework of reinforcement learning, which has also gained prominence in machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) as a way to optimise decision- making. A common aspect of both biological and machine reinforcement learning is the reactivation of previously experienced episodes, referred to as replay. Replay is important for memory consolidation in biological neural networks, and is key to stabilising learning in deep neural networks. Here, we review recent developments concerning the functional roles of replay in the fields of neuroscience and AI. Complementary progress suggests how replay might support learning processes, including generalisation and continual learning, affording opportunities to transfer knowledge across the two fields to advance the understanding of biological and artificial learning and memory. © 2021, CC BY-SA.

关键词： Reinforcement learning

Awareness in robotics: An early perspective from the viewpoint of the EIC Pathfinder Challenge "Awareness Inside"

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Santina, Cosimo Della Corbato, Carlos Hernandez Sisman, Burak Leiva, Luis A. Arapakis, Ioannis Vakalellis, Michalis Vanderdonckt, Jean D’Haro, LuisFernando Manzi, Guido Becchio, Cristina Elamrani, Aïda Alirezaei, Mohsen Castellano, Ginevra Dimarogonas, Dimos V. Ghosh, Arabinda Haesaert, Sofie Soudjani, Sadegh Stroeve, Sybert Verschure, Paul Bacciu, Davide Deroy, Ophelia Bahrami, Bahador Gallicchio, Claudio Hauert, Sabine Sanz, Ricardo Lanillos, Pablo Iacca, Giovanni Sigg, Stephan Gasulla, Manel Steels, Luc Sierra, Carles Department of Cognitive Robotics Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands Oberpfaffenhofen Germany Department of Computer Science University of Luxembourg Luxembourg 4 Telefónica I+D Spain AEGIS IT Research GmbH Germany Université catholique de Louvain Belgium Speech Technology and Machine Learning Group ETSI de Telecomunicación Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Madrid Spain Alien Venture Studio Alien Technology Transfer Rome Italy Hamburg Germany Institut Jean Nicod École Normale Supérieure Paris France Research Technology and Development Department Digital Industry Software Helmond Netherlands Department of Information Technology Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden Division of Decision and Control Systems School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden Max Planck Institute for Software Systems Kaiserslautern Germany Department of Electrical Engineering Control Systems Group Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven Netherlands Amsterdam Netherlands Donders Centre for Neuroscience Radboud University Nijmegen Netherlands Computer Science Department University of Pisa Pisa Italy Faculty of Philosophy Philosophy of Science The Study of Religion Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich Munich Germany School of Engineering Mathematics and Technology University of Bristol Bristol United Kingdom Autonomous Systems Laboratory Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Spain Madrid Spain Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science University of Trento Trento Italy Department of Information and Communications Engineering Aalto University Espoo Finland Department of Electronic Engineering Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya Barcelona Spain Studio Stelluti Brussels Belgium Barcelona Spain

Consciousness has been historically a heavily debated topic in engineering, science, and philosophy. On the contrary, awareness had less success in raising the interest of scholars in the past. However, things are changing as more and more researchers are getting interested in answering questions concerning what awareness is and how it can be artificially generated. The landscape is rapidly evolving, with multiple voices and interpretations of the concept being conceived and techniques being developed. The goal of this paper is to summarize and discuss the ones among these voices that are connected with projects funded by the EIC Pathfinder Challenge called "Awareness Inside", a nonrecurring call for proposals within Horizon Europe that was designed specifically for fostering research on natural and synthetic awareness. In this perspective, we dedicate special attention to challenges and promises of applying synthetic awareness in robotics, as the development of mature techniques in this new field is expected to have a special impact on generating more capable and trustworthy embodied systems. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： robotics

Strawberry detection using a heterogeneous multi-processor platform

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Brandenburg, Samuel Machado, Pedro Lama, Nikesh McGinnity, T.M. Computational Neuroscience and Cognitive Robotics Group School of Science and Technology Nottingham Trent University Clifton Campus United Kingdom Sundance Multiprocessor Technology Ltd. Chesham Buckinghamshire United Kingdom Intelligent Systems Research Centre Ulster University Magee Campus Northern Ireland United Kingdom

Over the last few years, the number of precision farming projects has increased specifically in harvesting robots and many of which have made continued progress from identifying crops to grasping the desired fruit or vegetable. One of the most common issues found in precision farming projects is that successful application is heavily dependent not just on identifying the fruit but also on ensuring that localisation allows for accurate navigation. These issues become significant factors when the robot is not operating in a prearranged environment, or when vegetation becomes too thick, thus covering crop. Moreover, running a state-of-the-art deep learning algorithm on an embedded platform is also very challenging, resulting most of the times in low frame rates. This paper proposes using the You Only Look Once version 3 (YOLOv3) Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) in combination with utilising image processing techniques for the application of precision farming robots targeting strawberry detection, accelerated on a heterogeneous multiprocessor platform. The results show a performance acceleration by five times when implemented on a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) when compared with the same algorithm running on the processor side with an accuracy of 78.3% over the test set comprised of 146 images. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Fruits

Generating 3D TOF-MRA volumes and segmentation labels using generative adversarial networks

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Medical Image Analysis 2022年 78卷 102396-102396页

作者： Subramaniam, Pooja Kossen, Tabea Ritter, Kerstin Hennemuth, Anja Hildebrand, Kristian Hilbert, Adam Sobesky, Jan Livne, Michelle Galinovic, Ivana Khalil, Ahmed A. Fiebach, Jochen B. Frey, Dietmar Madai, Vince I. CLAIM - Charité Lab for AI in Medicine Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Germany Department of Computer Engineering and Microelectronics Computer Vision & Remote Sensing Technical University Berlin Berlin Germany Berlin Germany Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin Germany Institute for Imaging Science and Computational Modelling in Cardiovascular Medicine Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany Fraunhofer MEVIS Max-von-Laue-Str. 2 Bremen Germany Department VI Computer Science and Media Beuth University of Applied Sciences Berlin Germany Johanna-Etienne-Hospital Neuss Germany Centre for Stroke Research Berlin Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany Department of Neurology Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences Leipzig Germany Mind Brain Body Institute Berlin School of Mind and Brain Humboldt University Berlin Berlin Germany Berlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany School of Computing and Digital Technology Faculty of Computing Engineering and the Built Environment Birmingham City University Birmingham United Kingdom QUEST-Center for Transforming Biomedical Research Berlin Institute of Health Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Charitéplatz 1 Berlin10117 Germany

Deep learning requires large labeled datasets that are difficult to gather in medical imaging due to data privacy issues and time-consuming manual labeling. Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) can alleviate these challenges enabling synthesis of shareable data. While 2D GANs have been used to generate 2D images with their corresponding labels, they cannot capture the volumetric information of 3D medical imaging. 3D GANs are more suitable for this and have been used to generate 3D volumes but not their corresponding labels. One reason might be that synthesizing 3D volumes is challenging owing to computational limitations. In this work, we present 3D GANs for the generation of 3D medical image volumes with corresponding labels applying mixed precision to alleviate computational constraints. We generated 3D Time-of-Flight Magnetic Resonance Angiography (TOF-MRA) patches with their corresponding brain blood vessel segmentation labels. We used four variants of 3D Wasserstein GAN (WGAN) with: 1) gradient penalty (GP), 2) GP with spectral normalization (SN), 3) SN with mixed precision (SN-MP), and 4) SN-MP with double filters per layer (c-SN-MP). The generated patches were quantitatively evaluated using the Fréchet Inception Distance (FID) and Precision and Recall of Distributions (PRD). Further, 3D U-Nets were trained with patch-label pairs from different WGAN models and their performance was compared to the performance of a benchmark U-Net trained on real data. The segmentation performance of all U-Net models was assessed using Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) and balanced Average Hausdorff Distance (bAVD) for a) all vessels, and b) intracranial vessels only. Our results show that patches generated with WGAN models using mixed precision (SN-MP and c-SN-MP) yielded the lowest FID scores and the best PRD curves. Among the 3D U-Nets trained with synthetic patch-label pairs, c-SN-MP pairs achieved the highest DSC (0.841) and lowest bAVD (0.508) compared to the benchmark

关键词： Generative adversarial networks

An Early Stage Researcher's Primer on Systems Medicine Terminology

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Network and Systems Medicine

Network and Systems Medicine 2021年第1期4卷 2-50页

作者： Zanin, Massimiliano Aitya, Nadim A.A. Basilio, José Baumbach, Jan Benis, Arriel Behera, Chandan K. Bucholc, Magda Castiglione, Filippo Chouvarda, Ioanna Comte, Blandine Dao, Tien-Tuan Ding, Xuemei Pujos-Guillot, Estelle Filipovic, Nenad Finn, David P. Glass, David H. Harel, Nissim Iesmantas, Tomas Ivanoska, Ilinka Joshi, Alok Boudjeltia, Karim Zouaoui Kaoui, Badr Kaur, Daman Maguire, Liam P. McClean, Paula L. McCombe, Niamh De Miranda, João Luís Moisescu, Mihnea Alexandru Pappalardo, Francesco Polster, Annikka Prasad, Girijesh Rozman, Damjana Sacala, Ioan Sanchez-Bornot, Jose M. Schmid, Johannes A. Sharp, Trevor Solé-Casals, Jordi Spiwok, Vojtěch Spyrou, George M. Stalidzans, Egils Stres, Blaa Sustersic, Tijana Symeonidis, Ioannis Tieri, Paolo Todd, Stephen Van Steen, Kristel Veneva, Milena Wang, Da-Hui Wang, Haiying Wang, Hui Watterson, Steven Wong-Lin, Kongfatt Yang, Su Zou, Xin Schmidt, Harald H.H.W. Centro de Tecnología Biomédica Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Madrid Spain Intelligent Systems Research Centre School of Computing Engineering and Intelligent Systems Ulster University Ulster United Kingdom Center for Physiology and Pharmacology Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan Technical University of Munich Freising Germany Holon Israel CNR National Research Council IAC Institute for Applied Computing Rome Italy Lab of Computing Medical Informatics and Biomedical Imaging Technologies School of Medicine Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece Université Clermont Auvergne INRAE UNH Plateforme d'Exploration du Métabolisme MetaboHUB Clermont Clermont-Ferrand France Université de Technologie de Compiègne Compiègne France Labex MS2T Control of Technological Systems-of-Systems CNRS and Université de Technologie de Compiègne Compiègne France Faculty of Engineering University of Kragujevac Kragujevac Serbia Kragujevac Serbia Steinbeis Advanced Risk Technologies Institute Doo Kragujevac Kragujevac Serbia Pharmacology and Therapeutics School of Medicine Galway Neuroscience Centre National University of Ireland Galway Ireland School of Computing Ulster University Ulster United Kingdom Holon Israel Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Kaunas University of Technology Kaunas Lithuania Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering Ss. Cyril and Methodius University Skopje Macedonia Medicine Faculty Université Libre de Bruxelles CHU de Charleroi Charleroi Belgium Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine Biomedical Sciences Research Institute Ulster University Ulster United Kingdom Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão Instituto Politécnico de Portalegre Portalegre Portugal Instituto Superior Técnico Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal Faculty of Automatic Control and Computers University Politehnica of B

Background: Systems Medicine is a novel approach to medicine, that is, an interdisciplinary field that considers the human body as a system, composed of multiple parts and of complex relationships at multiple levels, and further integrated into an environment. Exploring Systems Medicine implies understanding and combining concepts coming from diametral different fields, including medicine, biology, statistics, modeling and simulation, and data science. Such heterogeneity leads to semantic issues, which may slow down implementation and fruitful interaction between these highly diverse fields. Methods: In this review, we collect and explain more than100 terms related to Systems Medicine. These include both modeling and data science terms and basic systems medicine terms, along with some synthetic definitions, examples of applications, and lists of relevant references. Results: This glossary aims at being a first aid kit for the Systems Medicine researcher facing an unfamiliar term, where he/she can get a first understanding of them, and, more importantly, examples and references for digging into the topic. © Massimiliano Zanin et al., 2021;Published by Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 2021.

关键词： Semantics

Why is the Winner the Best?

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Why is the Winner the Best?

Conference on computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)

作者： M. Eisenmann A. Reinke V. Weru M. D. Tizabi F. Isensee T. J. Adler S. Ali V. Andrearczyk M. Aubreville U. Baid S. Bakas N. Balu S. Bano J. Bernal S. Bodenstedt A. Casella V. Cheplygina M. Daum M. De Bruijne A. Depeursinge R. Dorent J. Egger D. G. Ellis S. Engelhardt M. Ganz N. Ghatwary G. Girard P. Godau A. Gupta L. Hansen K. Harada M. Heinrich N. Heller A. Hering A. Huaulmé P. Jannin A. E. Kavur O. Kodym M. Kozubek J. Li H. Li J. Ma C. Martín-Isla B. Menze A. Noble V. Oreiller N. Padoy S. Pati K. Payette T. Rädsch J. Rafael-Patiño V. Singh Bawa S. Speidel C. H. Sudre K. Van Wijnen M. Wagner D. Wei A. Yamlahi M. H. Yap C. Yuan M. Zenk A. Zia D. Zimmerer D. Aydogan B. Bhattarai L. Bloch R. Brüngel J. Cho C. Choi Q. Dou I. Ezhov C. M. Friedrich C. Fuller R. R. Gaire A. Galdran Á. García Faura M. Grammatikopoulou S. Hong M. Jahanifar I. Jang A. Kadkhodamohammadi I. Kang F. Kofler S. Kondo H. Kuijf M. Li M. Luu T. Martinčič P. Morais M. A. Naser B. Oliveira D. Owen S. Pang J. Park S. Park S. Płotka E. Puybareau N. Rajpoot K. Ryu N. Saeed A. Shephard P. Shi D. Štepec R. Subedi G. Tochon H. R. Torres H. Urien J. L. Vilaça K. A. Wahid H. Wang J. Wang L. Wang X. Wang B. Wiestler M. Wodzinski F. Xia J. Xie Z. Xiong S. Yang Y. Yang Z. Zhao K. Maier-Hein P. F. Jäger A. Kopp-Schneider L. Maier-Hein Division of Intelligent Medical Systems German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany Helmholtz Imaging German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany Division of Biostatistics German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany Division of Medical Image Computing German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences School of Computing University of Leeds Leeds UK Institute of Informatics School of Management HES-SO Valais-Wallis University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland Sierre Switzerland Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Lausanne University Hospital Lausanne Switzerland Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt Ingolstadt Germany Center for Artificial Intelligence and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics (AI2D) and Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA) University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA Department of Radiology Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA Department of Radiology University of Washington Seattle WA USA Department of Computer Science Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences (WEISS) University College London London UK Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona & Computer Vision Center Barcelona Spain Division of Translational Surgical Oncology National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC) Dresden Dresden Germany Department of Advanced Robotics Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Italy Department of Electronics Information and Bioengineering Politecnico di Milano Milan Italy IT University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark Department of General Visceral and Transplantation Surgery Heidelberg University Hospital Heidelberg Germany Department of Radiology and Nuc

International benchmarking competitions have become fundamental for the comparative performance assessment of image analysis methods. However, little attention has been given to investigating what can be learnt from these competitions. Do they really generate scientific progress? What are common and successful participation strategies? What makes a solution superior to a competing method? To address this gap in the literature, we performed a multicenter study with all 80 competitions that were conducted in the scope of IEEE ISBI 2021 and MICCAI 2021. Statistical analyses performed based on comprehensive descriptions of the submitted algorithms linked to their rank as well as the underlying participation strategies revealed common characteristics of winning solutions. These typically include the use of multi-task learning (63%) and/or multi-stage pipelines (61%), and a focus on augmentation (100%), image preprocessing (97%), data curation (79%), and post-processing (66%). The “typical” lead of a winning team is a computer scientist with a doctoral degree, five years of experience in biomedical image analysis, and four years of experience in deep learning. Two core general development strategies stood out for highly-ranked teams: the reflection of the metrics in the method design and the focus on analyzing and handling failure cases. According to the organizers, 43% of the winning algorithms exceeded the state of the art but only 11% completely solved the respective domain problem. The insights of our study could help researchers (1) improve algorithm development strategies when approaching new problems, and (2) focus on open research questions revealed by this work.

关键词：

Assessing Trustworthy AI in Times of COVID-19: Deep Learning for Predicting a Multiregional Score Conveying the Degree of Lung Compromise in COVID-19 Patients

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IEEE Transactions on Technology and Society

IEEE Transactions on Technology and Society 2022年第4期3卷 272-289页

作者： Allahabadi, Himanshi Amann, Julia Balot, Isabelle Beretta, Andrea Binkley, Charles Bozenhard, Jonas Bruneault, Frederick Brusseau, James Candemir, Sema Cappellini, Luca Alessandro Chakraborty, Subrata Cherciu, Nicoleta Cociancig, Christina Coffee, Megan Ek, Irene Espinosa-Leal, Leonardo Farina, Davide Fieux-Castagnet, Genevieve Frauenfelder, Thomas Gallucci, Alessio Giuliani, Guya Golda, Adam Van Halem, Irmhild Hildt, Elisabeth Holm, Sune Kararigas, Georgios Krier, Sebastien A. Kuhne, Ulrich Lizzi, Francesca Madai, Vince I. Markus, Aniek F. Masis, Serg Mathez, Emilie Wiinblad Mureddu, Francesco Neri, Emanuele Osika, Walter Ozols, Matiss Panigutti, Cecilia Parent, Brendan Pratesi, Francesca Moreno-Sanchez, Pedro A. Sartor, Giovanni Savardi, Mattia Signoroni, Alberto Sormunen, Hanna-Maria Spezzatti, Andy Srivastava, Adarsh Stephansen, Annette F. Theng, Lau Bee Tithi, Jesmin Jahan Tuominen, Jarno Umbrello, Steven Vaccher, Filippo Vetter, Dennis Westerlund, Magnus Wurth, Renee Zicari, Roberto V. Ey Netherlands Enterprise Intelligence Department Amsterdam1083 HP Netherlands Eth Zurich Health Ethics and Policy Lab Department of Health Sciences and Technology Zürich8092 Switzerland Center for Diplomatic and Strategic Studies Postgraduate Studies in Diplomacy and International Relations Paris75015 France Pisa56124 Italy Hackensack Meridian Health Bioethics Center EdisonNJ08820 United States University of Oxford Faculty of Philosophy OxfordOX2 6GG United Kingdom Collège André- Laurendeau Philosophie Department MontrealQCH8N 2J4 Canada Université du Québec À Montréal École des Médias MontrealQCH2L 2C4 Canada Pace University Philosophy Department New YorkNY10038 United States The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Department of Radiology ColumbusOH43210 United States Humanitas Research Hospital Department of Radiology Milan20089 Italy Humanitas University Department of Biomedical Sciences Milan20089 Italy University of New England Faculty of Science Agriculture Business and Law ArmidaleNSW2351 Australia University of Technology Sydney Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology SydneyNSW2007 Australia Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna European Centre of Excellence on the Regulation of Robotics and Ai Pisa56127 Italy University of Bremen Group of Computer Architecture Bremen28359 Germany New York University Grossman School of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology Department of Medicine New YorkNY10016 United States Digital Institute Ai Research Section Stockholm16731 Sweden Arcada University of Applied Sciences Department of Business Management and Analytics Helsinki00550 Finland University of Brescia Radiological Sciences and Public Health Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties Brescia25121 Italy Sncf Reseau Sa Ethique Groupe La Plaine93418 France Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology University Hospital Zurich Zürich8091 Switzerland Eindhoven University of Tech

This article's main contributions are twofold: 1) to demonstrate how to apply the general European Union's High-Level Expert Group's (EU HLEG) guidelines for trustworthy AI in practice for the domain of healthcare and 2) to investigate the research question of what does 'trustworthy AI' mean at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. To this end, we present the results of a post-hoc self-assessment to evaluate the trustworthiness of an AI system for predicting a multiregional score conveying the degree of lung compromise in COVID-19 patients, developed and verified by an interdisciplinary team with members from academia, public hospitals, and industry in time of pandemic. The AI system aims to help radiologists to estimate and communicate the severity of damage in a patient's lung from Chest X-rays. It has been experimentally deployed in the radiology department of the ASST Spedali Civili clinic in Brescia, Italy, since December 2020 during pandemic time. The methodology we have applied for our post-hoc assessment, called Z-Inspection®, uses sociotechnical scenarios to identify ethical, technical, and domain-specific issues in the use of the AI system in the context of the pandemic. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： COVID-19