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An overview on IRS-enabled sensing and communications for 6G: architectures, fundamental limits, and joint beamforming designs

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science China(Information sciences) 2025年第5期68卷 170-193页

作者： Xianxin SONG Yuan FANG Feng WANG Zixiang REN Xianghao YU Ye ZHANG Fan LIU Jie XU Derrick Wing Kwan NG Rui ZHANG Shuguang CUI School of Science and Engineering (SSE) Shenzhen Future Network of Intelligence Institute (FNii-Shenzhen)and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Future Networks of Intelligence The Chinese University of Hong Kong Department of Electrical Engineering City University of Hong Kong School of Information Engineering Guangdong University of Technology Key Laboratory of Wireless-Optical Communications Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Information Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of China Computer School Beijing Information Science and Technology University National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory School of Information Science and Engineering Southeast University School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications University of New South Wales School of Science and Engineering Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data The Chinese University of Hong Kong Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore

This study presents an overview on intelligent reflecting surface(IRS)-enabled sensing and communication for the forthcoming sixth-generation(6G) wireless networks, in which IRSs are strategically deployed to proactively reconfigure wireless environments to improve both sensing and communication(S&C) performance. First, we exploit a single IRS to enable wireless sensing in the base station's(BS's) non-line-of-sight(NLoS) area. In particular, we present three IRS-enabled NLoS target sensing architectures with fully-passive, semi-passive, and active IRSs, respectively. We compare their pros and cons by analyzing the fundamental sensing performance limits for target detection and parameter estimation. Next, we consider a single IRS to facilitate integrated sensing and communication(ISAC), in which the transmit signals at the BS are used for achieving both S&C functionalities, aided by the IRS through reflective beamforming. We present joint transmit signal and receiver processing designs for realizing efficient ISAC, and jointly optimize the transmit beamforming at the BS and reflective beamforming at the IRS to balance the fundamental performance tradeoff between S&C. Furthermore, we discuss multi-IRS networked ISAC, by particularly focusing on multi-IRS-enabled multi-link ISAC, multi-region ISAC, and ISAC signal routing, respectively. Finally, we highlight various promising research topics in this area to motivate future work.

关键词： integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) non-line-of-sight (NLoS) sensing sensing and communication tradeoff

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Scalable solid-phase synthesis of defect-rich graphene for oxygen reduction electrocatalysis

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Green Energy & Environment 2023年第1期8卷 224-232页

作者： Chunxiao Dong Li Yang Cheng Lian Xiaoling Yang Yihua Zhu Hongliang Jiang Chunzhong Li Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials School of Materials Science and EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education School of Chemical EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology Anhui UniversityHefeiAnhui230601China School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China

Defect-engineered carbon materials have been emerged as promising electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)in metal-air *** a facile strategy for the preparation of highly active nanocarbon electrocatalysts remains ***,a low-cost and simple route is developed to synthesize defective graphene by pyrolyzing the mixture of glucose and carbon *** dynamics simulations reveal that the graphene formation is ascribed to two-dimensional layered feature of carbon nitride,and high compatibility of carbon nitride/glucose *** measurements suggest that the graphene possesses rich edge and topological *** graphene catalyst exhibits higher power density than commercial Pt/C catalyst in a primary Zn-air *** experimental results and theoretical thermodynamic analysis,it is identified that graphitic nitrogen-modified topological defects at carbon framework edges are responsible for the decent ORR *** strategy presented in this work can be can be scaled up readily to fabricate defective carbon materials.

关键词： Carbon materials Electrocatalysis Oxygen reduction reaction Solid-phase synthesis Zn-air battery

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Integrating Low-order and High-order Functional Connectivity for Meta-stable State Transition based Brain Disorder Identification

Integrating Low-order and High-order Functional Connectivity...

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2024 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine, BIBM 2024

作者： Pei, Shengbing Wang, Yan He, Fan Lv, Zhao Zhang, Chao Guan, Jihong Anhui University School of Computer Science and Technology Anhui China Tongji University Department of Computer Science and Technology Shanghai China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350386226

Dynamic functional connectivity network (FCN) can effectively mine meta-stable state transition within the period of data acquisition time, which is related to neurological diseases. However, conventional FCN directly describes the correlation between two brain regions in a meta-stable state, it is low-order FCN. In fact, the connection between two brain regions within the meta-stable state also has a changing pattern, which can reveal the functional consistency between two connections over time, we denote the changing pattern between two regions as high-order FCN. Here, we propose an end-to-end method that integrates low-order and high-order dynamic FCNs for better brain disorder identification. First, a sliding window operation is adopted to capture meta-stable states. Then, a matrix variate normal distribution based approach is employed to construct the low-order and high-order FCNs for each meta-stable state. Finally, a two-stage Transformer is designed to extract meta-stable state transition feature for classification. Experimental results on the ADHD-200 and ABIDE datasets indicate that: 1) our proposed method integrate multi-level connectivity information of dynamic brain functions, thereby effectively improving the identification of brain disorders;2) the proposed two-stage Transformer is more effective in feature extraction than the well-known CNN-LSTM architecture;3) high-order FCN help locate biomarkers that low-order FCN cannot be determine, including brain regions as well as functional connections between brain regions, which contribute significantly to the diagnosis of brain disorders. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Magnetic resonance imaging

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Density of excess modes below the first phonon mode in four-dimensional glasses

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第7期33卷 483-489页

作者：王利近胥鼎张世允 School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Anhui UniversityHefei 230601China Department of Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

Glasses are known to possess low-frequency excess modes beyond the Debye *** decades,it has been assumed that evolution of low-frequency density of excess modes D(ω) with frequency ω follows a power-law scaling:D(ω)~ω~γ.However,it remains debated on the value of γ at low frequencies below the first phonon-like mode in finitesize *** simulation studies reported γ=4 at low frequencies in two-(2D),three-(3D),and four-dimensional(4D)glasses,whereas recent observations in 2D and 3D glasses suggested γ=3.5 in a lower-frequency *** is uncertain whether the low-frequency scaling of D(ω)~ω^(3.5) could be generalized to 4D ***,we conduct numerical simulation studies of excess modes at frequencies below the first phonon-like mode in 4D model *** is found that the system size dependence of D(ω) below the first phonon-like mode varies with spatial dimensions:D(ω) increases in2D glasses but decreases in 3D and 4D glasses as the system size ***,we demonstrate that the ω^(3.5)scaling,rather than the ω~4 scaling,works in the lowest-frequency regime accessed in 4D glasses,regardless of interaction potentials and system sizes ***,our findings in 4D glasses,combined with previous results in 2D and 3D glasses,suggest a common low-frequency scaling of D(ω)~ ω^3.5) below the first phonon-like mode across different spatial dimensions,which would inspire further theoretical studies.

关键词： vibrational density of states excess modes four-dimensional glasses scaling computer simulation

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Measuring code maintainability with deep neural networks

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Frontiers of computer science 2023年第6期17卷 61-75页

作者： Yamin HU Hao JIANG Zongyao HU School of Computer Science and Technology Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China School of Artificial Intelligence Anhui UniversityHefei 230601China

The maintainability of source code is a key quality characteristic for software *** approaches have been proposed to quantitatively measure code *** approaches rely heavily on code metrics,e.g.,the number of Lines of Code and McCabe’s Cyclomatic *** employed code metrics are essentially statistics regarding code elements,e.g.,the numbers of tokens,lines,references,and branch ***,natural language in source code,especially identifiers,is rarely exploited by such *** a result,replacing meaningful identifiers with nonsense tokens would not significantly influence their outputs,although the replacement should have significantly reduced code *** this end,in this paper,we propose a novel approach(called DeepM)to measure code maintainability by exploiting the lexical semantics of text in source *** leverages deep learning techniques(e.g.,LSTM and attention mechanism)to exploit these lexical semantics in measuring code *** key rationale of DeepM is that measuring code maintainability is complex and often far beyond the capabilities of statistics or simple ***,DeepM leverages deep learning techniques to automatically select useful features from complex and lengthy inputs and to construct a complex mapping(rather than simple heuristics)from the input to the output(code maintainability index).DeepM is evaluated on a manually-assessed *** evaluation results suggest that DeepM is accurate,and it generates the same rankings of code maintainability as those of experienced programmers on 87.5%of manually ranked pairs of Java classes.

关键词： code maintainability lexical semantics deep learning neural networks

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Construction of ZnFe2O4/C/CG composites with low-frequency and broadband electromagnetic wave absorption

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Ceramics International 2025年第15期51卷 20334-20342页

作者： Zhu, Chuanlei Gao, Shengtao Zhang, Yuanchun School of Chemical and Blasting Engineering Anhui University of Science and Technology Huainan232001 China Joint National-Local Engineering Research Centre for Safe and Precise Coal Mining Anhui University of Science and Technology Huainan232001 China

Coal gangue (CG) is considered to have the potential to prepare carbon based electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption due to its low cost, porous structure, and rich composition. However, improving the EMW absorption efficiency of CG at low frequencies remains a major challenge. In this study, hollow ZnFe2O4/C microspheres were loaded onto the surface of acid washed CG, and starch was used as a supplementary carbon source to successfully prepare ZnFe2O4/C/CG (ZFC) composite materials. CG not only improves the dispersibility of hollow ZnFe2O4/C microspheres, but also constructs magnetic-carbon heterointerfaces during the growth and high-temperature carbonization process of hollow ZnFe2O4/C microspheres, forming crystal defects. ZFC absorbers exhibit excellent low-frequency EMW absorption performance at suitable carbonization temperatures. When the thickness is 4.8 mm, the minimum reflection loss of ZFC reaches −31.9 dB at a frequency of 6.74 GHz. When the thickness is 5.0 mm, the effective absorption bandwidth of ZFC reaches 3.12 GHz (4.88–8.00 GHz), covering 78 % of the C-band. Therefore, by suppressing magnetic agglomeration and constructing heterogeneous interfaces, a new design strategy is provided for the preparation of low-frequency EMW absorption. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l.

关键词： Microspheres

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Unlock the full potential of carbon cloth-based scaffolds towards magnesium metal storage via regulation on magnesiophilicity and surface geometric structure

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第3期90卷 423-434,I0010页

作者： Jing Liu Min Wang Zhonghua Zhang Jinlei Zhang Yitao He Zhenfang Zhou Guicun Li College of Materials Science and Engineering Qingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266042ShandongChina Department of Pharmacy Jining Medical UniversityRizhao 276826ShandongChina Department of Energy and Power Engineering School of Energy and EnvironmentAnhui University of TechnologyMa’anshan 243000AnhuiChina

The development of rechargeable magnesium(Mg) batteries is of practical significance to upgrade the electric energy storage devices due to exceptional capacity and abundant resources of Mg-metal ***,the reversible Mg electrochemistry suffers from unsatisfied rate capability and lifespan,mainly caused by non-uniform distribution of *** this work,a fresh design concept of threedimensional carbon cloths scaffolds is proposed to overcome the uncontrollable Mg growth via homogenizing electric field and improving magnesiophilicity.A microscopic smooth and nitrogen-containing defective carbonaceous layer is constructed through a facile pyrolysis of ZIF8 on carbon *** revealed by finite element simulation and DFT calculation results,the smooth surface endows with uniform electric field distribution and simultaneously the nitrogen-doping species enable good magnesiophilicity of *** fine and uniform Mg nucleus as well as the inner electrodeposit behavior are also *** a result,an exceptional cycle life of 500 cycles at 4.0 mA cm^(-2) and 4.0 mA h cm^(-2) is firstly realized to our best ***,the functional scaffolds can be cycled for over 2200 h at 2.0 mA cm^(-2) under a normalized capacity of 5.0 mA h cm^(-2),far exceeding previous *** work offers an effective approach to enable the full potential of carbon cloths-based scaffolds towards metal storage for next generation battery applications.

关键词： Magnesium metal anodes Electrodeposition Heterogeneous nucleation

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Dynamic Hand Gesture-Based Person Identification Using Leap Motion and Machine Learning Approaches

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computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第4期79卷 1205-1222页

作者： Jungpil Shin Md.AlMehedi Hasan Md.Maniruzzaman Taiki Watanabe Issei Jozume School of Computer Science and Engineering The University of AizuAizuwakamatsuFukushima965-8580Japan Department of Computer Science&Engineering Rajshahi University of Engineering&TechnologyRajshahi6204Bangladesh

Person identification is one of the most vital tasks for network security. People are more concerned about theirsecurity due to traditional passwords becoming weaker or leaking in various attacks. In recent decades, fingerprintsand faces have been widely used for person identification, which has the risk of information leakage as a resultof reproducing fingers or faces by taking a snapshot. Recently, people have focused on creating an identifiablepattern, which will not be reproducible falsely by capturing psychological and behavioral information of a personusing vision and sensor-based techniques. In existing studies, most of the researchers used very complex patternsin this direction, which need special training and attention to remember the patterns and failed to capturethe psychological and behavioral information of a person properly. To overcome these problems, this researchdevised a novel dynamic hand gesture-based person identification system using a Leap Motion sensor. Thisstudy developed two hand gesture-based pattern datasets for performing the experiments, which contained morethan 500 samples, collected from 25 subjects. Various static and dynamic features were extracted from the handgeometry. Randomforest was used to measure feature importance using the Gini Index. Finally, the support vectormachinewas implemented for person identification and evaluate its performance using identification accuracy. Theexperimental results showed that the proposed system produced an identification accuracy of 99.8% for arbitraryhand gesture-based patterns and 99.6% for the same dynamic hand gesture-based patterns. This result indicatedthat the proposed system can be used for person identification in the field of security.

关键词： Person identification leap motion hand gesture random forest support vector machine

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DedupChain: A secure Blockchain-enabled Storage System with Deduplication for Zero-Trust Network

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IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 2025年第6期43卷 2070-2086页

作者： Qi, Saiyu Wang, Qiuhao Wei, Wei Yang, Xu Zhao, Hongguang Liu, Yuhao Yang, Xu Qi, Yong Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Computer Science and Technology China Xi'an University of Technology School of Computer Science and Engineering China Alibaba Group China Northwestern Polytechnical University School of Electronics and Information China

Permissioned blockchain is a promising methodology to build zero-trust storage foundation with trusted data storage and sharing for the zero-trust network. However, the inherent full-backup feature of the permissioned blockchain poses potential data privacy risks and substantial storage costs, hindering its usage as a storage medium. These issues necessitate the usage of secure data deduplication technology to mitigate them. Unfortunately, current secure data deduplication schemes are predominantly designed with centralized cloud servers in mind and are not suitable for distributed blockchain systems. The reason is that the full backup feature of the permissioned blockchain renders a wide attack surface to offline brute-force and frequency analysis attacks. In response, we propose DedupChain, a secure blockchain-enabled storage system with deduplication for zero-trust networks. DedupChain employs a trusted execution environment (i.e., Inter SGX enclave) in conjunction with Oblivious RAM (ORAM) to offer a novel security guarantee named oblivious data deduplication, which empowers DedupChain with the ability to defend offline brute-force and frequency analysis attacks. DedupChain also proposes several novel techniques to address the security and efficiency issues raised by the SGX enclave. We implemented a system prototype of DedupChain and evaluated its performance metrics. Our experimental results show that DedupChain exhibits satisfactory operational delays, throughput, and storage overhead. Security analysis shows that DedupChain is robust enough to withstand several types of attacks. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to apply secure data deduplication techniques to address data privacy and storage cost issues raised by permissioned blockchain when used as a zero-trust storage medium. © 1983-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Blockchain

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Pt-based intermetallic compound catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction:From problems to recent developments

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第12期99卷 302-324页

作者： Heyuan Tian Xian Wang Jiawei Ge Hao Wan Wei Ma Guanqun Xie Junjie Ge School of Environment and Civil Engineering Dongguan University of TechnologyDongguan 523808GuangdongChina School of Chemistry and Materials Science Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026AnhuiChina State Grid Anhui Electric Power Research Institute Hefei 230601AnhuiChina

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs)are promising next-generation energy conversion devices with advantages including high energy conversion efficiency,low noise,and environmental *** the PEMFC cathode,the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)relies heavily on Pt-based catalysts,where PtM_(x)(M stands for transition metal)intermetallic compounds(IMCs)are considered the best choice to enhance the catalytic ***,problems such as inadequate catalytic activity,high cost,and insufficient durability,*** hamper its *** optimizations of the catalyst structure,the improvements in the preparation process,and the understanding of the reaction mechanism are of great *** developments of cathodic oxygen reduction catalysts for PEMFCs will also focus on improving the catalytic activity of intermetallic compound nanoparticles,the utilization rate,and the durability of *** the particle size and particle/carrier interaction remain key issues for future *** catalyst reaction mechanism,the surface changes of the nanoparticles of Pt(111)face before and after the catalytic reaction,and the targeted regulation of the adsorption strength between the IMCs and oxygen-containing intermediates adjusted by transition metals need to be investigated more specifically and *** the application level,the expression of catalyst properties in the catalyst membrane electrode and reactor are the keys to the performance of ***,researches on PEMFCs are still systematic *** paper summarized the recent process toward the optimization of catalyst preparation,the exploration of new catalysts,and the new understanding of the *** the reference to the development of PEMFCs,future research can start from the existing problems,solve the shortcomings of the catalyst,and promote the practical application of PEMFCs.

关键词： Oxygen reduction reaction Platinum PEMFCs Intermetallic compound

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