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TSCompiler: efficient compilation framework for dynamic-shape models

science China(Information sciences) 2024年第10期67卷 67-84页

作者： Xiang LUO Chen ZHANG Chenbo GENG Yanzhi YI Jiahui HU Renwei ZHANG Zhen ZHANG Gianpietro CONSOLARO Fan YANG Tun LU Ning GU Li SHANG School of Computer Science Fudan University School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Computer Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd. Huawei Paris Research Center School of Microelectronics Fudan University

Today's deep learning models face an increasing demand to handle dynamic shape tensors and computation whose shape information remains unknown at compile time and varies in a nearly infinite range at runtime. This shape dynamism brings tremendous challenges for existing compilation pipelines designed for static models which optimize tensor programs relying on exact shape values. This paper presents TSCompiler, an end-to-end compilation framework for dynamic shape models. TSCompiler first proposes a symbolic shape propagation algorithm to recover symbolic shape information at compile time to enable subsequent optimizations. TSCompiler then partitions the shape-annotated computation graph into multiple subgraphs and fine-tunes the backbone operators from the subgraph within a hardware-aligned search space to find a collection of high-performance schedules. TSCompiler can propagate the explored backbone schedule to other fusion groups within the same subgraph to generate a set of parameterized tensor programs for fused cases based on dependence analysis. At runtime, TSCompiler utilizes an occupancy-targeted cost model to select from pre-compiled tensor programs for varied tensor shapes. Extensive evaluations show that TSCompiler can achieve state-of-the-art speedups for dynamic shape models. For example, we can improve kernel efficiency by up to 3.97× on NVIDIA RTX3090, and 10.30× on NVIDIA A100 and achieve up to five orders of magnitude speedups on end-to-end latency.

关键词： machine learning tensor compilers dynamic shape operator fusion code generation auto-tuning

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CSTLineDP: A Fine-grained Software Defect Prediction Framework Based on CST and Bi-GRU 4

CSTLineDP: A Fine-grained Software Defect Prediction Framewo...

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4th International Conference on Electronic Information engineering and computer Communication, EIECC 2024

作者： Li, Xiangkang Zhang, Cheng Anhui University School of Computer Science and Technology Anhui Hefei China

ISBN: (纸本)9798331534622

Software defect detection based on deep learning technology is an important research field. However, there are still obvious limitations in the existing research: (1) most of the current research is coarse-grained, and code defects can only be located at the coarse-grained level, such as function level and file level;(2) existing methods rely more on the code text, ignoring the use of code structure information, resulting in low predict accuracy. (3) the risk score of each code token cannot be obtained, resulting in insufficient interpretability of the prediction results. Aiming at the shortcomings of previous studies, we propose CSTLineDP, which combines the hierarchical structure information of the code (based on the concrete syntax tree) with the text information to achieve fine-grained and interpretable code defect prediction. Experimental results on the public Java and C/C++ datasets indicate that, compared with other baseline methods, our method improves the three evaluation indicators by 8.8% ~ 32.2%, 1.5% ~ 16.0% and 13 ~ 27, respectively. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Syntactics

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Domain generalization with semi-supervised learning for people-centric activity recognition

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science China(Information sciences) 2025年第1期68卷 171-188页

作者： Jing LIU Wei ZHU Di LI Xing HU Liang SONG Academy for Engineering & Technology Fudan University Shanghai East-bund Research Institute on Networking Systems of AI School of Optoelectronic Information and Computer Engineering University of Shanghai for Science & Technology

People-centric activity recognition is one of the most critical technologies in a wide range of real-world applications,including intelligent transportation systems, healthcare services, and brain-computer interfaces. Large-scale data collection and annotation make the application of machine learning algorithms prohibitively expensive when adapting to new tasks. One way of circumventing this limitation is to train the model in a semi-supervised learning manner that utilizes a percentage of unlabeled data to reduce the labeling burden in prediction tasks. Despite their appeal, these models often assume that labeled and unlabeled data come from similar distributions, which leads to the domain shift problem caused by the presence of distribution gaps. To address these limitations, we propose herein a novel method for people-centric activity recognition,called domain generalization with semi-supervised learning(DGSSL), that effectively enhances the representation learning and domain alignment capabilities of a model. We first design a new autoregressive discriminator for adversarial training between unlabeled and labeled source domains, extracting domain-specific features to reduce the distribution gaps. Second, we introduce two reconstruction tasks to capture the task-specific features to avoid losing information related to representation learning while maintaining task-specific consistency. Finally, benefiting from the collaborative optimization of these two tasks, the model can accurately predict both the domain and category labels of the source domains for the classification task. We conduct extensive experiments on three real-world sensing datasets. The experimental results show that DGSSL surpasses the three state-of-the-art methods with better performance and generalization.

关键词： activity recognition deep learning domain generalization semi-supervised learning adversarial training

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RoleNet: A multiple features fusion network for role classification in cantonese opera

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-14页

作者： Li, Yue Peng, Zhengwei Xu, Di Chen, Yuanguang Chen, Guoan School of Computer Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangdong Guangzhou510006 China School of Computer Science and Engineering Sun Yat-sen University Guangdong Guangzhou510006 China

Cantonese opera, a key facet of Chinese traditional opera, boasts profound cultural and artistic value and has been designated as intangible cultural heritage. The use of certain roles is a basic concept in Cantonese opera, where each role has a specific style of singing, movement, and costume that performers are trained to perform throughout their careers. Therefore, identifying the role category of characters in a play can provide theoretical and systematic foundations for further researches and artistic explorations. By dissecting musical traits and performance styles of each role, comprehensive studies on its regional and artistic nuances are enabled. To achieve role classification in Cantonese opera, we propose RoleNet, an integration network that consists of SincNets, transformers, and a feature fusion block. For a given musical fragment (e.g., an audio signal), SincNets extract 1D features at multiple scales and transformers extract features from time and frequency axes from the 2D Mel Spectrogram. Subsequently, the extracted features are concatenated by the fusioner using multiple features selection strategy to perform role classification tasks. The experimental results on a real-world dataset demonstrated the superior performance of RoleNet compared to single-objective methods. An overall classification accuracy of 98.67% was achieved. The codes are available at https://***/AaronPeng920/RoleNet. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Feature Selection

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Multi-Dimensional Training Optimization for Efficient Federated Synergy Learning

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IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 2025年第7期24卷 6243-6258页

作者： Fu, Shucun Dong, Fang Chen, Runze Shen, Dian Zhang, Jinghui He, Qiang Southeast University School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing China Huazhong University of Science and Technology National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System Lab Cluster and Grid Computing Lab School of Computer Science and Technology Wuhan China

Edge learning (EL) is an end-to-edge collaborative learning paradigm enabling devices to participate in model training and data analysis, opening countless opportunities for edge intelligence. As a promising EL framework, federated synergy learning (FSyL) mitigates the computation and communication overhead on resource-constrained devices by offloading partial model layers to the edge server for synergistic training. Nevertheless, due to the system and statistical heterogeneity, naively using existing FSyL methods is significantly time-consuming and causes accuracy degradation. Motivated by this issue, this paper introduces a novel FSyL framework that integrates multi-dimensional training optimization and formulates the edge learning cost minimization (ELCM) problem. To tackle the ELCM efficiently, we design OL-MG, an OnLine Model Splitting and Resource Provisioning Game. Specifically, we first reformulate and decompose the original ELCM based on data quality evaluation. Then, given a model splitting decision, we determine the optimal resource provisioning in Sub-problem1, based on which optimal model splitting in Sub-problem2 is modeled as a potential game. Subsequently, we introduce a decentralized algorithm to find a Nash equilibrium (NE) solution. Furthermore, we further extend OL-MG to support a budget-aware multi-edge scenario. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed mechanism significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods in cost-saving and accuracy improvement. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Federated learning

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Intelligent Internet of Things in Mammography Screening Using Multicenter Transformation Between Unified Capsules

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2023年第2期10卷 1536-1545页

作者： Wang, Boyan Hu, Xuegang Zhang, Jinglin Xu, Chenchu Gao, Zhifan Hefei University of Technology School of Computer Science and Information Engineering Hefei China Shandong University School of Control Science and Engineering Jinan250061 China Anhui University School of Computer Science and Technology Hefei230093 China Sun Yat-sen University School of Biomedical Engineering Guangzhou510275 China

Mammography screening is one of the important applications for the intelligent Internet of Things (IoT). Due to the efficient and personalized cyber-medicine system, early diagnosis can successfully reduce the breast cancer mortality rate by AI-driven healthcare. However, it is a huge challenge to extend the conventional single-center into the multicenter mammography screening, thus improving the effectiveness and robustness of intelligent IoT-based devices. To address this problem, we utilize multicenter mammograms by the modified capsule neural network and propose a novel framework called multicenter transformation between unified capsules (MLT-UniCaps) in this article. The proposed MLT-UniCaps is composed of Attentional Pose Embedding, Dynamic Source Capsule Traversal, and Adaptive Target Capsule Fusion to realize an intelligent remote assistant diagnosis. Attentional Pose Embedding extracts feature vectors via variations in position, orientation, scale, and lighting as the poses through an adversarial convolutional neural network with an attention-based layer. Based on the pose presentation, Dynamic Source Capsule Traversal deploys a dynamic routing mechanism between neurons to build a source cancer classifier for single-center mammography screening. Using the source cancer classifier, Adaptive Target Capsule Fusion integrates various centers of mammograms as the universal cancer detectors and optimizes heterogeneous distribution among them by the transformation-likelihood maximization. Owing to the three components, MLT-UniCaps effectively improves the results of single-center mammography screening and works in the multicenter breast cancer diagnosis. By comprehensive experiments on 58 965 samples, the proposed MLT-UniCaps obtains 90.1% of overall classification accuracy on single-center trials and 73.8% of overall F1 score on multicenter trials. All the experimental results illustrated that our MLT-UniCaps, an intelligent IoT-based clinical tool, inures the be

关键词： Mammography

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Rationally designing the composition and phase structure of Ni-Fe-Mn ternary layered oxide system for high-voltage sodium-ion batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第5期104卷 28-35页

作者： Bo Peng Ji Shi Feng Zhu Zihao Zhou Xing Huang Jie Xu Lianbo Ma Key Laboratory of Efficient Conversion and Solid-state Storage of Hydrogen and Electricity of Anhui Province School of Materials Science and EngineeringAnhui University of TechnologyMa’anshan 243002AnhuiChina TRACE EM Unit and Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong 999077China

Sodium-ion batteries are the prominent device for stationary energy storage system and low-speed electric ***,the practical application is still limited by the unsatisfied performance and high cost of the cathode side,which strictly requires the development of high voltage,high capacity,and earth-abundant cathode ***-Fe-Mn ternary layered oxide has been recognized as one of the most promising standard type of ***,the composition and phase structure on high-voltage characteristics have not been well ***,selecting the typically high-voltage cathode of P2-Na_(0.67)Ni_(0.33)Mn_(0.67)O_(2)as a parent material,we fabricate ten Ni-Fe-Mn ternary layered oxides through replacing the Ni,Mn,or both Ni and Mn by *** thermodynamically stable phase diagram for those materials is *** electrochemical properties for all the samples are investigated in *** potential Ni-Fe-Mn ternary layered oxides are picked up considering the energy density,cycle stability,kinetics,cost price,and working voltage,which demonstrate great potential for surpassing the performance of lithium iron *** related electrochemical reaction and fading mechanism are well *** work provides some new foundational Ni-Fe-Mn ternary layered materials for high-voltage sodium-ion batteries.

关键词： Sodium-ion batteries High-voltage cathode Ni-Fe-Mn ternary materials Phase structure Electrochemical reaction mechanism

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Real-time holographic camera for obtaining real 3D scene hologram

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Light(science & Applications) 2025年第3期14卷 789-799页

作者： Zhao-Song Li Chao Liu Xiao-Wei Li Yi Zheng Qian Huang Yi-Wei Zheng Ye-Hao Hou Chen-Liang Chang Da-Wei Zhang Song-Lin Zhuang Di Wang Qiong-Hua Wang School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing100191China School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China

As a frontier technology,holography has important research values in fields such as bio-micrographic imaging,light feld modulation and data ***,the real-time acquisition of 3D scenes and high-fidelity reconstruction technology has not yet made a breakthrough,which has seriously hindered the development of ***,a novel holographic camera is proposed to solve the above inherent problems *** proposed holographic camera consists of the acquisition end and the calculation *** the acquisition end of the holographic camera,specially configured liquid materials and liquid lens structure based on voice-coil motor-driving are used to produce the liquid camera,so that the liquid camera can quickly capture the focus stack of the real 3D scene within 15 *** the calculation end,a new structured focus stack network(FS-Net)is designed for hologram *** training the FS-Net with the focus stack renderer and learnable Zernike phase,it enables hologram calculation within 13 *** the first device to achieve real-time incoherent acquisition and high-fidelity holographic reconstruction of a real 3D scene,our proposed holographic camera breaks technical bottlenecks of difficulty in acquiring the real 3D scene,low quality of the holographic reconstructed image,and incorrect defocus *** experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our holographic camera in the acquisition of focal plane information and hologram calculation of the real 3D *** proposed holographic camera opens up a new way for the application of holography in fields such as 3D display,light field modulation,and 3D measurement.

关键词： holographic camera feld modulation hologram calculation liquid lens structured focus stack network D scene reconstruction d scenes real time acquisition

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High Dynamic Range Imaging for Dynamic Scenes Based on Multi-Level Spike Camera

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IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video technology 2025年第6期35卷 5394-5406页

作者： Zhu, Zhenkun Xiong, Ruiqin Zhao, Jing Zhao, Rui Fan, Xiaopeng Zhu, Shuyuan Huang, Tiejun Peking University School of Computer Science Beijing100871 China Harbin Institute of Technology Department of Computer Science and Technology Harbin150001 China University of Electronic Science and Technology of China School of Information and Communication Engineering Chengdu611731 China

Spike camera is a retina-inspired neuromorphic camera which can capture dynamic scenes of high-speed motion by firing a continuous stream of spikes at an extremely high temporal resolution. The limitation in the current design is that each spike only represents the arrival of a fixed amount of photons. It can not deal with strong light areas in which the amount of accumulated photons reaches the pre-specified threshold multiple times within a single readout interval. In this paper, we propose a new spike camera model of high-speed imaging for high dynamic range scenarios. In this scheme, each pixel accumulates the incoming photons persistently and generates a new type of spike stream in which each spike symbol may be associated with different levels, indicating the arrival of different amounts of photons since the last readout. This enables the camera to support dynamic scenes with wider dynamic range. To achieve this, we propose a two-level buffer mechanism, one for photon accumulation and one for spike-firing encoding. We use a register to hold the number of spike-firings which has not been read out yet. At each readout time, the major part in the counter is read out via a carefully designed exponential encoding and the counter is updated. Such encoding and readout strategy enables a very efficient expansion of the dynamic range using a small number of encoding bits. Furthermore, we propose an image reconstruction scheme for the proposed camera, utilizing both spike intervals and spike levels to recover the light intensity. We incorporate Mamba and propose a temporal-spatial selective scan mechanism to extract temporal-spatial correlation within spike streams. We employ a pyramid adaptive filtering and alignment module to achieve coarse-to-fine feature alignment. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme can achieve better imaging quality and outperform the existing spike camera in high dynamic range scenarios. © 1991-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Adaptive filtering

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YOLO-LFD: A Lightweight and Fast Model for Forest Fire Detection

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computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第2期82卷 3399-3417页

作者： Honglin Wang Yangyang Zhang Cheng Zhu School of Artificial Intelligence Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China School of Computer Science Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China Electrical&Computer Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL 61801USA

Forest fires pose a serious threat to ecological balance, air quality, and the safety of both humans and wildlife. This paper presents an improved model based on You Only Look Once version 5 (YOLOv5), named YOLO Lightweight Fire Detector (YOLO-LFD), to address the limitations of traditional sensor-based fire detection methods in terms of real-time performance and accuracy. The proposed model is designed to enhance inference speed while maintaining high detection accuracy on resource-constrained devices such as drones and embedded systems. Firstly, we introduce Depthwise Separable Convolutions (DSConv) to reduce the complexity of the feature extraction network. Secondly, we design and implement the Lightweight Faster Implementation of Cross Stage Partial (CSP) Bottleneck with 2 Convolutions (C2f-Light) and the CSP Structure with 3 Compact Inverted Blocks (C3CIB) modules to replace the traditional C3 modules. This optimization enhances deep feature extraction and semantic information processing, thereby significantly increasing inference speed. To enhance the detection capability for small fires, the model employs a Normalized Wasserstein Distance (NWD) loss function, which effectively reduces the missed detection rate and improves the accuracy of detecting small fire sources. Experimental results demonstrate that compared to the baseline YOLOv5s model, the YOLO-LFD model not only increases inference speed by 19.3% but also significantly improves the detection accuracy for small fire targets, with only a 1.6% reduction in overall mean average precision (mAP)@0.5. Through these innovative improvements to YOLOv5s, the YOLO-LFD model achieves a balance between speed and accuracy, making it particularly suitable for real-time detection tasks on mobile and embedded devices.

关键词： Forest fire detection YOLOv5 lightweight small object detection

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