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YOLO-LFD: A Lightweight and Fast Model for Forest Fire Detection

computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第2期82卷 3399-3417页

作者： Honglin Wang Yangyang Zhang Cheng Zhu School of Artificial Intelligence Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China School of Computer Science Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China Electrical&Computer Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL 61801USA

Forest fires pose a serious threat to ecological balance, air quality, and the safety of both humans and wildlife. This paper presents an improved model based on You Only Look Once version 5 (YOLOv5), named YOLO Lightweight Fire Detector (YOLO-LFD), to address the limitations of traditional sensor-based fire detection methods in terms of real-time performance and accuracy. The proposed model is designed to enhance inference speed while maintaining high detection accuracy on resource-constrained devices such as drones and embedded systems. Firstly, we introduce Depthwise Separable Convolutions (DSConv) to reduce the complexity of the feature extraction network. Secondly, we design and implement the Lightweight Faster Implementation of Cross Stage Partial (CSP) Bottleneck with 2 Convolutions (C2f-Light) and the CSP Structure with 3 Compact Inverted Blocks (C3CIB) modules to replace the traditional C3 modules. This optimization enhances deep feature extraction and semantic information processing, thereby significantly increasing inference speed. To enhance the detection capability for small fires, the model employs a Normalized Wasserstein Distance (NWD) loss function, which effectively reduces the missed detection rate and improves the accuracy of detecting small fire sources. Experimental results demonstrate that compared to the baseline YOLOv5s model, the YOLO-LFD model not only increases inference speed by 19.3% but also significantly improves the detection accuracy for small fire targets, with only a 1.6% reduction in overall mean average precision (mAP)@0.5. Through these innovative improvements to YOLOv5s, the YOLO-LFD model achieves a balance between speed and accuracy, making it particularly suitable for real-time detection tasks on mobile and embedded devices.

关键词： Forest fire detection YOLOv5 lightweight small object detection

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Bi-directional Projection Framework for Fast Single Image Super Resolution

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Recent Patents on engineering 2024年第9期18卷 152-167页

作者： Zhou, Ying Zheng, Zhichao Sun, Quansen School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China School of Computer and Electronic Information/School of Artificial Intelligence Nanjing Normal University Nanjing China

Background: Collaborative Representation (CR) has been widely used in Single Image Super Resolution (SISR) with the assumption that Low-resolution (LR) and high-resolution (HR) features can be linearly represented by neighborhoods and share consistent CR coefficients. Numerous patents and journal papers have been published. However, this CR consistency does not hold in the reconstruction phase, which leads to degraded performance. Methods: To fulfill this gap, we propose a novel bi-directional projection model (BDPM) to establish a bi-directional mapping between LR and HR features without any consistency constraint. The multiple projection matrices are offline computed to reduce reconstruction time greatly. We further develop several strategies to extract features and group neighborhoods such that local structures can be preserved better. Results: Compared to the learning-based methods, BDPM is about 2 to 10 times faster and compared to the reconstruction-based methods, it is about 500 to 2,000 times faster. Conclusion: The empirical studies verify the effectiveness of BDPM and extensive experimental results demonstrate that BDPM achieves better SISR performance than many state-of-the-arts. © 2024 Bentham science Publishers.

关键词： Mapping

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DAFPN-YOLO: An Improved UAV-Based Object Detection Algorithm Based on YOLOv8s

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computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第5期83卷 1929-1949页

作者： Honglin Wang Yaolong Zhang Cheng Zhu School of Artificial Intelligence Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China School of Computer Science Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China Electrical&Computer Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL 61801USA

UAV-based object detection is rapidly expanding in both civilian and military applications,including security surveillance,disaster assessment,and border ***,challenges such as small objects,occlusions,complex backgrounds,and variable lighting persist due to the unique perspective of UAV *** address these issues,this paper introduces DAFPN-YOLO,an innovative model based on YOLOv8s(You Only Look Once version 8s).Themodel strikes a balance between detection accuracy and speed while reducing parameters,making itwell-suited for multi-object detection tasks from drone perspectives.A key feature of DAFPN-YOLO is the enhanced Drone-AFPN(Adaptive Feature Pyramid Network),which adaptively fuses multi-scale features to optimize feature extraction and enhance spatial and small-object *** leverage Drone-AFPN’smulti-scale capabilities fully,a dedicated 160×160 small-object detection head was added,significantly boosting detection accuracy for small *** the backbone,the C2f_Dual(Cross Stage Partial with Cross-Stage Feature Fusion Dual)module and SPPELAN(Spatial Pyramid Pooling with Enhanced LocalAttentionNetwork)modulewere *** components improve feature extraction and information aggregationwhile reducing parameters and computational complexity,enhancing inference ***,Shape-IoU(Shape Intersection over Union)is used as the loss function for bounding box regression,enabling more precise shape-based object *** results on the VisDrone 2019 dataset demonstrate the effectiveness *** to YOLOv8s,the proposedmodel achieves a 5.4 percentage point increase inmAP@0.5,a 3.8 percentage point improvement in mAP@0.5:0.95,and a 17.2%reduction in parameter *** results highlight DAFPN-YOLO’s advantages in UAV-based object detection,offering valuable insights for applying deep learning to UAV-specific multi-object detection tasks.

关键词： YOLOv8 UAV-based object detection AFPN small-object detection head SPPELAN DualConv loss function

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Preamble slice orderly queue access scheme in cell-free dense communication systems

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Digital Communications and Networks 2025年第1期11卷 126-135页

作者： Jun Sun Mengzhu Guo Jian Liu School of Telecommunications and Information Engineering Nanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing 210003China School of Computer and Communication Engineering University of Science and TechnologyBeijing 100083China

High reliability applications in dense access scenarios have become one of the main goals of 6G *** solve the access collision of dense Machine Type Communication(MTC)devices in cell-free communication systems,an intelligent cooperative secure access scheme based on multi-agent reinforcement learning and federated learning is proposed,that is,the Preamble Slice Orderly Queue Access(PSOQA)*** this scheme,the preamble arrangement is combined with the access *** preamble arrangement is realized by preamble slices which is from the virtual preamble *** access devices learn to queue orderly by deep reinforcement *** orderly queue weakens the random and avoids collision.A preamble slice is assigned to an orderly access queue at each access *** orderly queue is determined by interaction information among multiple *** the federated reinforcement learning framework,the PSOQA scheme is implemented to guarantee the privacy and security of ***,the access performance of PSOQA is compared with other random contention schemes in different load *** results show that PSOQA can not only improve the access success rate but also guarantee low-latency tolerant performances.

关键词： Machine type communication Random access Reinforcement learning Access success probability Federated learning

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STPM: Spatial-Temporal Token Pruning and Merging for Complex Activity Recognition

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IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video technology 2025年第6期35卷 5407-5418页

作者： Su, Yumeng Zhang, Jiachao Yan, Rui Li, Pengpeng Xie, Guo-Sen Shu, Xiangbo Nanjing University of Science and Technology School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing210094 China Artificial Intelligence Industrial Technology Research Institute Nanjing Institute of Technology Nanjing211167 China Nanjing University Department of Computer Science and Technology Nanjing210023 China

Lightweight video representation techniques have advanced significantly for simple activity recognition, but they still encounter several issues when applied to complex activity recognition: 1) The presence of numerous individuals and varying spatial positions makes it difficult for traditional token pruning methods to maintain accuracy. 2) Simply discarding entire frames may result in the loss of crucial clues. 3) To maintain parallel computing, applying the same pruning rate to every frame leads to significant redundancy in frames with low information content. To this end, we propose a lightweight and novel Spatial-Temporal Token Pruning and Merging (STPM) framework, specifically designed for complex action videos where human actors occupy a small spatial resolution within video frames. Our framework considers two critical factors: semantic importance and spatial-temporal redundancy, to further reduce overhead. For semantic importance, STPM captures class-specific attention scores by learning multiple class tokens within the transformer to guide token pruning. For spatial-temporal redundancy, STPM employs an anchor graph and temporal attention to perform spatial and temporal token merging, preserving appearance and temporal cues while eliminating semantic duplication and redundancy. We conduct extensive experiments on JRDB-PAR primarily using recently introduced video transformer backbones, e.g., MViT and ViT. Our framework achieves similar results while requiring 40% less computation. © 1991-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Economic and social effects

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Faster AMEDA-A Hybrid Mesoscale Eddy Detection Algorithm

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computer Modeling in engineering & sciences 2024年第11期141卷 1827-1846页

作者： Xinchang Zhang Xiaokang Pan Rongjie Zhu Runda Guan Zhongfeng Qiu Biao Song Organization Department Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China School of Computer Science Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China School of Teacher Education Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China School of Electronics&Information Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China School of Software Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China

Identification of ocean eddies from a large amount of ocean data provided by satellite measurements and numerical simulations is crucial,while the academia has invented many traditional physical methods with accurate detection capability,but their detection computational efficiency is *** recent years,with the increasing application of deep learning in ocean feature detection,many deep learning-based eddy detection models have been developed for more effective eddy detection from ocean *** it is difficult for them to precisely fit some physical features implicit in traditional methods,leading to inaccurate identification of ocean *** this study,to address the low efficiency of traditional physical methods and the low detection accuracy of deep learning models,we propose a solution that combines the target detection model Faster Region with CNN feature(Faster R-CNN)with the traditional dynamic algorithm Angular Momentum Eddy Detection and Tracking Algorithm(AMEDA).We use Faster R-CNN to detect and generate bounding boxes for eddies,allowing AMEDA to detect the eddy center within these bounding boxes,thus reducing the complexity of center *** demonstrate the detection efficiency and accuracy of this model,this paper compares the experimental results with AMEDA and the deep learning-based eddy detection method *** results show that the eddy detection results of this paper are more accurate than eddyNet and have higher execution efficiency than AMEDA.

关键词： Mesoscale eddy detection object detection contour detection remote sensing

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Revealing the Trends in the Academic Landscape of the Health Care System Using Contextual Topic Modeling

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Data Intelligence 2023年第4期5卷 923-946页

作者： Muhammad Inaam ul haq Qianmu Li School of computer science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology

The health care system encompasses the participation of individuals,groups,agencies,and resources that offer services to address the requirements of the person,community,and population in terms of *** to the rising debates on the healthcare systems in relation to diseases,treatments,interventions,medication,and clinical practice guidelines,the world is currently discussing the healthcare industry,technology perspectives,and healthcare *** gain a comprehensive understanding of the healthcare systems research paradigm,we offered a novel contextual topic modeling approach that links up the CombinedTM model with our healthcare Bert to discover the contextual topics in the domain of *** research work discovered 60 contextual topics among them fteen topics are the hottest which include smart medical monitoring systems,causes,and effects of stress and anxiety,and healthcare cost estimation and twelve topics are the ***,thirty-three topics are showing in-significant *** further investigated various clusters and correlations among the topics exploring inter-topic distance maps which add depth to the understanding of the research structure of this scientific *** current study enhances the prior topic modeling methodologies that examine the healthcare literature from a particular disciplinary *** further extends the existing topic modeling approaches that do not incorporate contextual information in the topic discovery process adding contextual information by creating sentence embedding vectors through transformers-based *** also utilized corpus tuning,the mean pooling technique,and the hugging face *** method gives a higher coherence score as compared to the state-of-the-art models(LSA,LDA,and Ber Topic).

关键词： Contextual topic modeling health care Bert content analysis health care system

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A Transfer Learning Framework for Deep Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第11期11卷 2346-2348页

作者： Yi Liu Xiang Wu Yuming Bo Jiacun Wang Lifeng Ma the School of Automation Nanjing University of Science and Technology the Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Monmouth University

Dear Editor,This letter presents a new transfer learning framework for the deep multi-agent reinforcement learning(DMARL) to reduce the convergence difficulty and training time when applying DMARL to a new scenario [1... 详细信息

关键词： Deep agent Framework

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High-speed encrypted traffic classification by using payload features

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Digital Communications and Networks 2025年第2期11卷 412-423页

作者： Xinge Yan Liukun He Yifan Xu Jiuxin Cao Liangmin Wang Guyang Xie School of Cyber Science and Engineering Southeast UniversityNanjing 211189China Nanjing Huafei Data Technology Co. Ltd.Nanjing 210019China School of Computer Science and Communication Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China

Traffic encryption techniques facilitate cyberattackers to hide their presence and *** classification is an important method to prevent network ***,due to the tremendous traffic volume and limitations of computing,most existing traffic classification techniques are inapplicable to the high-speed network *** this paper,we propose a High-speed Encrypted Traffic Classification(HETC)method containing two ***,to efficiently detect whether traffic is encrypted,HETC focuses on randomly sampled short flows and extracts aggregation entropies with chi-square test features to measure the different patterns of the byte composition and distribution between encrypted and unencrypted ***,HETC introduces binary features upon the previous features and performs fine-grained traffic classification by combining these payload features with a Random Forest *** experimental results show that HETC can achieve a 94%F-measure in detecting encrypted flows and a 85%–93%F-measure in classifying fine-grained flows for a 1-KB flow-length dataset,outperforming the state-of-the-art comparison ***,HETC does not need to wait for the end of the flow and can extract mass computing *** average time for HETC to process each flow is only 2 or 16 ms,which is lower than the flow duration in most cases,making it a good candidate for high-speed traffic classification.

关键词： Traffic classification Flow analysis Information entropy Machine learning Randomness test

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AI-Enhanced Secure Data Aggregation for Smart Grids with Privacy Preservation

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computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第1期82卷 799-816页

作者： Congcong Wang Chen Wang Wenying Zheng Wei Gu School of Software Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China School of Information Science and Engineering Zhejiang Sci-Tech UniversityHangzhou310018China State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data Guizhou UniversityGuiyang550025China School of Computer Science and Technology(School of Artificial Intelligence) Zhejiang Sci-Tech UniversityHangzhou310018China School of Computer Science(School of Cyber Science and Engineering) Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China

As smart grid technology rapidly advances,the vast amount of user data collected by smart meter presents significant challenges in data security and privacy *** research emphasizes data security and user privacy concerns within smart ***,existing methods struggle with efficiency and security when processing large-scale *** efficient data processing with stringent privacy protection during data aggregation in smart grids remains an urgent *** paper proposes an AI-based multi-type data aggregation method designed to enhance aggregation efficiency and security by standardizing and normalizing various data *** approach optimizes data preprocessing,integrates Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)networks for handling time-series data,and employs homomorphic encryption to safeguard user *** also explores the application of Boneh Lynn Shacham(BLS)signatures for user *** proposed scheme’s efficiency,security,and privacy protection capabilities are validated through rigorous security proofs and experimental analysis.

关键词： Smart grid data security privacy protection artificial intelligence data aggregation

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