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Deep learning-based software engineering: progress,challenges, and opportunities

science China(Information sciences) 2025年第1期68卷 57-144页

作者： Xiangping CHEN Xing HU Yuan HUANG He JIANG Weixing JI Yanjie JIANG Yanyan JIANG Bo LIU Hui LIU Xiaochen LI Xiaoli LIAN Guozhu MENG Xin PENG Hailong SUN Lin SHI Bo WANG Chong WANG Jiayi WANG Tiantian WANG Jifeng XUAN Xin XIA Yibiao YANG Yixin YANG Li ZHANG Yuming ZHOU Lu ZHANG School of Journalism and Communication Sun Yat-sen University School of Software Technology Zhejiang University School of Software Engineering Sun Yat-sen University School of Software Dalian University of Technology School of Computer Science and Technology Beijing Institute of Technology Key Laboratory of High Confidence Software Technologies (Peking University) Ministry of EducationSchool of Computer Science Peking University State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University School of Computer Science and Engineering Beihang University Institute of Information Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Computer Science Fudan University State Key Laboratory of Complex & Critical Software Environment (CCSE) School of Software Beihang University School of Computer and Information Technology Beijing Jiaotong University School of Computer Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology School of Computer Science Wuhan University Huawei Technologies

Researchers have recently achieved significant advances in deep learning techniques, which in turn has substantially advanced other research disciplines, such as natural language processing, image processing, speech recognition, and software engineering. Various deep learning techniques have been successfully employed to facilitate software engineering tasks, including code generation, software refactoring, and fault localization. Many studies have also been presented in top conferences and journals, demonstrating the applications of deep learning techniques in resolving various software engineering tasks. However,although several surveys have provided overall pictures of the application of deep learning techniques in software engineering,they focus more on learning techniques, that is, what kind of deep learning techniques are employed and how deep models are trained or fine-tuned for software engineering tasks. We still lack surveys explaining the advances of subareas in software engineering driven by deep learning techniques, as well as challenges and opportunities in each subarea. To this end, in this study, we present the first task-oriented survey on deep learning-based software engineering. It covers twelve major software engineering subareas significantly impacted by deep learning techniques. Such subareas spread out through the whole lifecycle of software development and maintenance, including requirements engineering, software development, testing, maintenance, and developer collaboration. As we believe that deep learning may provide an opportunity to revolutionize the whole discipline of software engineering, providing one survey covering as many subareas as possible in software engineering can help future research push forward the frontier of deep learning-based software engineering more systematically. For each of the selected subareas,we highlight the major advances achieved by applying deep learning techniques with pointers to the available datasets i

关键词： deep learning software engineering software benchmark software artifact representation survey

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Improving Robustness of Time-Aware Shaper in Time-Sensitive Networking

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第13期12卷 25211-25223页

作者： Ma, Yanying Zhang, Tong Feng, XiaoQin Liu, Ping Yang, Hao Ren, Fengyuan Lanzhou University School of Information Science and Engineering Lanzhou730000 China Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics College of Computer Science and Technology Nanjing211106 China School of Information Science and Engineering Lanzhou China Tsinghua University Department of Computer Science and Technology Lanzhou Beijing730000 and 100084 China

Deterministic delivery of scheduled traffic (ST) is critical in time-sensitive networking (TSN). The time-aware shaper (TAS) defined by IEEE 802.1Qbv is the enabler to ensure deterministic end-to-end delays of ST flows. However, TAS does not consider the emergency sporadic flows that commonly exist in automotive and industrial control applications. Therefore, TAS cannot resist the interference of emergency sporadic traffic on normal scheduled traffic. In this paper, we improve the TAS’s time slot allocation and queue occupancy rule and propose a combined scheduling strategy composed of dynamic local regulation and static global planning. Dynamic local regulation executes the earliest deadline first (EDF) discipline at switching nodes to adjust ST frames’ transmission dynamically. Static global planning calculates the offset of ST flows at the source and guarantees bounded delay and jitter. Furthermore, we formalize the offset optimizing problem with considering the EDF, delay, and jitter constraints. Finally, we implement our prototype on OMNet++ 6.0.1. Simulation results further demonstrate that the combined strategy has bounded latency and jitter in the presence of emergency sporadic flows. Besides, the comparison experiments show that our design is superior to eTAS in terms of the jitter and end-to-end delay. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Timing jitter

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Magnifier: A Chiplet Feature-Aware Test Case Generation Method for Deep Learning Accelerators

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IEEE Transactions on computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems 2025年第7期44卷 2803-2816页

作者： Li, Boyu Zhu, Zongwei Liu, Weihong Cao, Qianyue Li, Changlong Ji, Cheng Li, Xi Zhou, Xuehai University of Science and Technology of China School of Computer Science and Technology Hefei230026 China University of Science and Technology of China Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research Suzhou215123 China University of Science and Technology of China School of Software Engineering Hefei230026 China University of Science and Technology of China China and Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research Suzhou215123 China East China Normal University School of Computer Science and Technology Shanghai200063 China Nanjing University of Science and Technology School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing210094 China

The development of deep learning has led to increasing demands for computation and memory, making multi-chiplet accelerators a powerful solution. Multi-chiplet accelerators require more precise consideration of hardware configurations and mapping schemes in terms of computation, memory, and communication patterns compared to monolithic designs, in order to avoid underutilization of performance. However, there is currently a lack of performance testing methods specifically tailored for multi-chiplet accelerators. Existing testing methods primarily focus on correctness testing and do not address potential performance issues from a hardware perspective. To address these issues, this paper proposes Magnifier: A test case generation method for performance testing of multi-chiplet accelerators. Firstly, we analyze typical multi-chiplet accelerator prototype from the perspectives of computation, memory, and communication patterns, and summarize a chiplet feature-Aware operator task set. Next, we define the test evaluation metric IPPstd and use a candidate operator set to construct a sampling space for model-level test cases. Finally, we build a GAN to learn the distribution of high-diversity test cases, enabling the rapid generation of high-quality test cases. We validate the proposed method on both simulated and real multi-chiplet accelerators. Experiments show that Magnifier can improve the metric of test cases by up to 3.42 times and significantly reduce generation time, providing valuable insights for optimizing the hardware and software of multi-chiplet accelerators. © 1982-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Acceleration

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Structure-Sensitive Graph Dictionary Embedding for Graph Classification

IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence

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IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence 2024年第6期5卷 2962-2972页

作者： Liu, Guangbu Zhang, Tong Wang, Xudong Zhao, Wenting Zhou, Chuanwei Cui, Zhen Nanjing University of Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Systems for High-Dimensional School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing210094 China

Graph structure expression plays a vital role in distinguishing various graphs. In this work, we propose a structure-sensitive graph dictionary embedding (SS-GDE) framework to transform input graphs into the embedding space of a graph dictionary for the graph classification task. Instead of a plain use of a base graph dictionary, we propose the variational graph dictionary adaptation (VGDA) to generate a personalized dictionary (named adapted graph dictionary) for catering to each input graph. In particular, for the adaptation, the Bernoulli sampling is introduced to adjust substructures of base graph keys according to each input, which increases the expression capacity of the base dictionary tremendously. To make cross-graph measurement sensitive as well as stable, multisensitivity Wasserstein encoding is proposed to produce the embeddings by designing multiscale attention on optimal transport. To optimize the framework, we introduce mutual information as the objective, which further deduces variational inference of the adapted graph dictionary. We perform our SS-GDE on multiple datasets of graph classification, and the experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority over the state-of-the-art methods. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Embeddings

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RandoMix: a mixed sample data augmentation method with multiple mixed modes

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第8期84卷 4343-4359页

作者： Liu, Xiaoliang Shen, Furao Zhao, Jian Nie, Changhai National Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University Nanjing China Department of Computer Science and Technology Nanjing University Nanjing China School of Artificial Intelligence Nanjing University Nanjing China School of Electronic Science and Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing China

Data augmentation plays a crucial role in enhancing the robustness and performance of machine learning models across various domains. In this study, we introduce a novel mixed-sample data augmentation method called RandoMix. RandoMix is specifically designed to simultaneously address robustness and diversity challenges. It leverages a combination of linear and mask mixed modes, introducing flexibility in candidate selection and weight adjustments. We evaluate the effectiveness of RandoMix on diverse datasets, including CIFAR-10/100, Tiny-ImageNet, ImageNet, and Google Speech Commands. Our results demonstrate its superior erformance compared to existing techniques such as Mixup, CutMix, Fmix, and ResizeMix. Notably, RandoMix excels in enhancing model robustness against adversarial noise, natural noise, and sample occlusion. The comprehensive experimental results and insights into parameter tuning underscore the potential of RandoMix as a versatile and effective data augmentation method. Moreover, it seamlessly integrates into the training pipeline. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Data augmentation Diversity Mixed-sample RandoMix Robustness

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Human novel pose generation with pose optimization and importance sampling based on NeRF 16

Human novel pose generation with pose optimization and impor...

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2024 16th International Conference on Graphics and Image Processing, ICGIP 2024

作者： Li, Ke Zhang, Binbin Su, Zhiyong Li, Weiqing School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China School of Automation Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China

ISBN: (数字)9781510688780

ISBN: (纸本)9781510688773

The Neural Radiance Field (NeRF) method has emerged as a groundbreaking technique for human reconstruction, enabling the generation of high-quality, photorealistic rendering of reconstructed objects. Despite its promising results, several challenges persist, particularly when it comes to generalizing to unknown poses during the generation of virtual human animations. This paper proposes a method for generating and optimizing novel human poses based on NeRF. Given that existing pose-driven NeRF methods heavily rely on the accuracy of SMPL body parameters, we implemente human pose optimization based on motion capture data as prior knowledge, resulting in more accurate SMPL parameters, which contributes to a more precise human canonical model. Additionally, we propose a pose-driven deformation field based on linear blend skinning, combining blend weight fields with the 3D human skeleton to achieve precise mapping from observed poses to the canonical pose. By estimating the camera ray transmittance distribution during volume rendering, we propose importance sampling method avoiding sampling points in free space, which further improves rendering quality. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method yields significant improvements in rendering quality for both training poses and novel poses, as evidenced by results on the ZJU-MoCap dataset and our custom dataset. This work not only advances the capabilities of NeRF in human reconstruction but also opens new avenues for realistic virtual human animation. © 2025 SPIE.

关键词： Motion capture

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Cat Swarm Algorithm Generated Based on Genetic Programming Framework Applied in Digital Watermarking

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computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第5期83卷 3135-3163页

作者： Shu-Chuan Chu Libin Fu Jeng-Shyang Pan Xingsi Xue Min Liu School of Artificial Intelligence Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210000China College of Computer Science and Engineering Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao266000China Department of Information Management Chaoyang University of TechnologyTaichung40601TaiwanChina School of Information Science and Engineering Fujian University of TechnologyFuzhou350000China Key Laboratory of Hydrometeorological Disaster Mechanism and Warning of Ministry of Water Resource Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210000China

Evolutionary algorithms have been extensively utilized in practical ***,manually designed population updating formulas are inherently prone to the subjective influence of the *** programming(GP),characterized by its tree-based solution structure,is a widely adopted technique for optimizing the structure of mathematical models tailored to real-world *** paper introduces a GP-based framework(GPEAs)for the autonomous generation of update formulas,aiming to reduce human *** modifications to tree-based GP have been instigated,encompassing adjustments to its initialization process and fundamental update operations such as crossover and mutation within the *** designing suitable function sets and terminal sets tailored to the selected evolutionary algorithm,and ultimately derive an improved update *** Cat Swarm Optimization Algorithm(CSO)is chosen as a case study,and the GP-EAs is employed to regenerate the speed update formulas of the *** validate the feasibility of the GP-EAs,the comprehensive performance of the enhanced algorithm(GP-CSO)was evaluated on the CEC2017 benchmark ***,GP-CSO is applied to deduce suitable embedding factors,thereby improving the robustness of the digital watermarking *** experimental results indicate that the update formulas generated through training with GP-EAs possess excellent performance scalability and practical application proficiency.

关键词： Cat swarm algorithm genetic programming digital watermarking update mode mode generation framework

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A lightweight network intrusion detection model based on convolution and attention mechanisms 3

A lightweight network intrusion detection model based on con...

引用

3rd International Conference on Electronic Information engineering, Big Data, and computer technology, EIBDCT 2024

作者： Fang, Zizheng Liu, Yaodi Yuan, Shuai Ye, Tiancheng School of Cyber Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781510680449

With the development of the Internet of Things (IoT), people's lives have become more intelligent. However, the proliferation of numerous small devices has also introduced serious risks to network security. Network intrusion detection, as a proactive defense technique, can effectively address network attacks. However, IoT devices are constrained by limited storage and computational resources, and many current intrusion detection models suffer from an excessive number of parameters. Therefore, this thesis proposes a network intrusion detection model based on depthwise separable convolution (DSC) and a convolutional block attention mechanism (CBAM). A convolution with an inverse residual structure (IRCNN) is designed for network intrusion detection based on DSC. Additionally, a convolutional block attention mechanism is introduced in the feature extraction phase to enhance the model's ability to capture important features. To validate the performance of the proposed model in this paper, experimental validation is conducted on the CIC-IDS-2017 dataset. The results demonstrate that the IRCNN-CBAM model exhibits high detection performance. © COPYRIGHT SPIE. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

关键词： Convolution

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Knowledge Learning With Crowdsourcing:A Brief Review and Systematic Perspective

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2022年第5期9卷 749-762页

作者： Jing Zhang IEEE School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094China

Big data have the characteristics of enormous volume,high velocity,diversity,value-sparsity,and uncertainty,which lead the knowledge learning from them full of *** the emergence of crowdsourcing,versatile information can be obtained on-demand so that the wisdom of crowds is easily involved to facilitate the knowledge learning *** the past thirteen years,researchers in the AI community made great efforts to remove the obstacles in the field of learning from *** concentrated survey paper comprehensively reviews the technical progress in crowdsourcing learning from a systematic perspective that includes three dimensions of data,models,and learning *** addition to reviewing existing important work,the paper places a particular emphasis on providing some promising blueprints on each dimension as well as discussing the lessons learned from our past research work,which will light up the way for new researchers and encourage them to pursue new contributions.

关键词： Crowdsourcing data fusion learning from crowds learning paradigms learning with uncertainty

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An enhanced AMBTC for color image compression using color palette

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2024年第11期83卷 31783-31803页

作者： Xiong, Lizhi Zhang, Mengtao Yang, Ching-Nung Kim, Cheonshik School of Computer Science Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing China Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Dong Hwa University Hualien Taiwan Department of Computer Engineering Sejong University Seoul Korea Republic of

Digital image has been used in various fields as an essential carrier. Many color images have been constantly produced since their more realistic description, which takes up much storage space and network bandwidth. Thus, color image compression has become an essential key technology. Absolute Moment Block Truncation Coding (AMBTC) has been widely studied as one of the classical image compression methods. However, in the existing methods, the visual quality of the reconstructed images and the compression rate are all relatively low. Therefore, this paper proposes an enhanced AMBTC for color image compression using a color palette. In the proposed method, the K-means clustering algorithm is utilized for training the image's palette pattern. The color palette obtained by K-mean will be more suitable for reconstructing this image than the standard color palette, and the visual quality will be higher. The six clustered central pixels are matched with the palette through a color difference formula, and the obtained index values are used as the quantization levels. Huffman coding is used to build a bitmap to achieve a higher compression rate, that is, a lower bit rate. At last, a block of a color image can be represented by six index values and a bitmap. Experimental results and theoretical analysis demonstrate that the proposed method has better visual quality and bit rate than similar schemes. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2023.

关键词： Color

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