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YOLO-LFD: A Lightweight and Fast Model for Forest Fire Detection

computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第2期82卷 3399-3417页

作者： Honglin Wang Yangyang Zhang Cheng Zhu School of Artificial Intelligence Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China School of Computer Science Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China Electrical&Computer Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL 61801USA

Forest fires pose a serious threat to ecological balance, air quality, and the safety of both humans and wildlife. This paper presents an improved model based on You Only Look Once version 5 (YOLOv5), named YOLO Lightweight Fire Detector (YOLO-LFD), to address the limitations of traditional sensor-based fire detection methods in terms of real-time performance and accuracy. The proposed model is designed to enhance inference speed while maintaining high detection accuracy on resource-constrained devices such as drones and embedded systems. Firstly, we introduce Depthwise Separable Convolutions (DSConv) to reduce the complexity of the feature extraction network. Secondly, we design and implement the Lightweight Faster Implementation of Cross Stage Partial (CSP) Bottleneck with 2 Convolutions (C2f-Light) and the CSP Structure with 3 Compact Inverted Blocks (C3CIB) modules to replace the traditional C3 modules. This optimization enhances deep feature extraction and semantic information processing, thereby significantly increasing inference speed. To enhance the detection capability for small fires, the model employs a Normalized Wasserstein Distance (NWD) loss function, which effectively reduces the missed detection rate and improves the accuracy of detecting small fire sources. Experimental results demonstrate that compared to the baseline YOLOv5s model, the YOLO-LFD model not only increases inference speed by 19.3% but also significantly improves the detection accuracy for small fire targets, with only a 1.6% reduction in overall mean average precision (mAP)@0.5. Through these innovative improvements to YOLOv5s, the YOLO-LFD model achieves a balance between speed and accuracy, making it particularly suitable for real-time detection tasks on mobile and embedded devices.

关键词： Forest fire detection YOLOv5 lightweight small object detection

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Deep Learning Based Face Detection and Identification of Criminal Suspects

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computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第2期74卷 2331-2343页

作者： S.Sandhya A.Balasundaram Ayesha Shaik School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology(VIT)Chennai600127India School of Computer Science and Engineering Center for Cyber Physical SystemsVellore Institute of Technology(VIT)Chennai600127India

Occurrence of crimes has been on the constant rise despite the emerging discoveries and advancements in the technological field in the past *** of the most tedious tasks is to track a suspect once a crime is *** most of the crimes are committed by individuals who have a history of felonies,it is essential for a monitoring system that does not just detect the person’s face who has committed the crime,but also their ***,a smart criminal detection and identification system that makes use of the OpenCV Deep Neural Network(DNN)model which employs a Single Shot Multibox Detector for detection of face and an auto-encoder model in which the encoder part is used for matching the captured facial images with the criminals has been *** detection and extraction of the face in the image by face cropping,the captured face is then compared with the images in the *** comparison is performed by calculating the similarity value between each pair of images that are obtained by using the Cosine Similarity *** plotting the values in a graph to find the threshold value,we conclude that the confidence rate of the encoder model is 0.75 and above.

关键词： Deep learning opencv deep neural network single shot multi-box detector auto-encoder cosine similarity

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Knowledge Probabilization in Ensemble Distillation: Improving Accuracy and Uncertainty Quantification for Object Detectors

IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence

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IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence 2025年第1期6卷 221-233页

作者： Yang, Yang Wang, Chao Gong, Lei Wu, Min Chen, Zhenghua Li, Xiang Chen, Xianglan Zhou, Xuehai University of Science and Technology of China School of Computer Science and Technology Hefei230026 China 138632 Singapore East China Normal University School of Data Science and Engineering Shanghai200062 China

Ensemble object detectors have demonstrated remarkable effectiveness in enhancing prediction accuracy and uncertainty quantification. However, their widespread adoption is hindered by significant computational and storage demands, limiting their feasibility in resource-constrained settings. To overcome this, researchers have focused on distilling the knowledge from ensemble object detectors into a single model. In this article, we introduce probabilization based ensemble distillation (ProbED), an innovative ensemble distillation framework that consolidates knowledge from multiple object detectors into a single, resource-efficient model. Unlike traditional ensemble distillation methods that average the outputs of subteachers, ProbED captures comprehensive outcome distributions from all subteachers, providing a more nuanced approach to knowledge transfer. ProbED employs knowledge probabilization to achieve a sophisticated and refined aggregation of teacher knowledge, including feature knowledge, semantic knowledge, and localization knowledge, resulting in dual improvements in prediction accuracy and uncertainty quantification for the student model. In particular, ProED's novel knowledge probabilization-based approach to aggregating teacher knowledge is inspired by our empirical observations, which demonstrate that knowledge probabilization excels in effectively representing uncertainty, improving prediction, and facilitating robust knowledge transfer. Furthermore, we introduce a random smoothing perturbation technique to modify inputs within ProbED, further enhancing the distillation process. Extensive experiments highlight ProbED's ability to significantly enhance the prediction accuracy and uncertainty quantification of various object detectors, demonstrating its superior performance compared to other state-of-the-art techniques. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Teaching

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Sentiment analysis of multi social media using machine and deep learning models: a review

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2024年第42期83卷 90033-90051页

作者： Vasanthi, P. Madhu Viswanatham, V. School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Tamil Nadu Vellore632014 India

The Internet has become an important origin of text information, which is then used inside a wide range of research domains. This has been regarded as a necessary foundation for institutions to obtain valuable information in addition to assessing consumers' feelings and views on a particular subject. Message clustering is the method of assigning specific tags to known categories based on one ‘s content material. It is difficult to classify the text using aspect-based sentiment. So each research on sentiment has addressed this issue, as existing research focuses on file and predominant component assessment instead of the specifics of the emotions. This survey reviewed the sentiment analysis based on both X and Facebook. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Sentiment analysis

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Demonstration of high-performance STO-based WORM devices controlled by oxygen-vacancies and metal filament growth

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Journal of Materials Chemistry C 2024年第23期12卷 8418-8425页

作者： Hsu, Chih-Chieh Wen, Xiu-Ming Xiao, Kai-Zer Jhang, Wun-Ciang Joodaki, Mojtaba Department of Electronic Engineering National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Douliu64002 Taiwan Graduate School of Engineering Science and Technology National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Douliu64002 Taiwan School of Computer Science and Engineering Constructor University Bremen28759 Germany

Herein, we propose high-performance Ti/STO/n+-Si and Ag/STO/n+-Si write-once-read-many-times devices, where the resistance transition mechanisms are controlled by oxygen vacancies in the STO layer and metal atoms from the electrochemically active Ag electrode, respectively. The as-deposited STO films have a low oxygen-vacancy content of 12.2%. When the Ti electrode is deposited, the formation of a thin TiOx interfacial layer at the Ti/STO interface is achieved, which leads to an increase of oxygen vacancy content in the STO layer to 28.6%. The relatively higher oxygen vacancy density means that the Ti/STO/n+-Si device can provide a voltage-polarity-independent memory function. In contrast, the resistance transition of the Ag/STO/n+-Si device can be limited in the positive voltage region because Ag cations can only be driven into the STO layer using a positive bias. Both devices show high ILRS/IHRS ratios, superior data retention capability, and fast transition speeds. © 2024 The Royal Society of Chemistry.

关键词： Oxygen vacancies

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An Effective Power Optimization Approach Based on Whale Optimization Algorithm with Two-Populations and Mutation Strategies

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2024年第2期33卷 423-435页

作者： Juncai HE Zhenxue HE Jia LIU Yan ZHANG Fan ZHANG Fangfang LIANG Tao WANG Limin XIAO Xiang WANG Hebei Agricultural University Beijing Information Science and Technology University School of Computer Science and Engineering Beihang University School of Electronic and Information Engineering Beihang University

Power is an issue that must be considered in the design of logic circuits. Power optimization is a combinatorial optimization problem, since it is necessary to search for a logical expression that consumes the least amount of power from a large number of Reed-Muller(RM) logical expressions. The existing approach for optimizing the power of multi-output mixed polarity RM(MPRM) logic circuits suffer from poor optimization results. To solve this problem, a whale optimization algorithm with two-populations strategy and mutation strategy(TMWOA) is proposed in this paper. The two-populations strategy speeds up the convergence of the algorithm by exchanging information about the two-populations. The mutation strategy enhances the ability of the algorithm to jump out of the local optimal solutions by using the information of the current optimal solution. Based on the TMWOA, we propose a multi-output MPRM logic circuits power optimization approach(TMMPOA). Experiments based on the benchmark circuits of the Microelectronics Center of North Carolina(MCNC) validate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed TMMPOA.

关键词： Multi-output mixed polarity Reed-Muller Power optimization Combinatorial optimization problem Whale optimization algorithm Two-populations strategy Mutation strategy

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Integrating machine learning and extreme value theory for estimating crash frequency-by-severity via AI-based video analytics

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Communications in Transportation Research 2024年第1期4卷 382-392页

作者： Fizza Hussain Yuefeng Li Md Mazharul Haque School of Civil&Environment Engineering Queensland University of TechnologyBrisbane4000Australia School of Computer ScienceQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbane4000Australia

Traffic conflict techniques rely heavily on the proper identification of conflict extremes,which directly affects the prediction performance of extreme value *** sampling techniques,namely,block maxima and peak over threshold,form the core of these *** studies have demonstrated the inefficacy of extreme value models based on these sampling approaches,as their crash estimates are too imprecise,hindering their widespread practical ***,anomaly detection techniques for sampling conflict extremes have been used,but their application has been limited to estimating crash frequency without considering the crash severity *** address this research gap,this study proposes a hybrid model of machine learning and extreme value theory within a bivariate framework of traffic conflict measures to estimate crash frequency by severity *** particular,modified time-to-collision(MTTC)and expected post-collision change in velocity(Delta-V orΔV)have been proposed in the hybrid modeling framework to estimate rear-end crash frequency by severity ***-end conflicts were identified through artificial intelligence-based video analytics for three four-legged signalized intersections in Brisbane,Australia,using four days of ***-stationary bivariate hybrid generalized extreme value models with different anomaly detection/sampling techniques(isolation forest and minimum covariance determinant)were *** non-stationarity of traffic conflict extremes was handled by parameterizing model parameters,including location,scale,and both location and scale parameters *** results indicate that the bivariate hybrid models can estimate severe and non-severe crashes when compared with historical crash records,thereby demonstrating the viability of the proposed approach.A comparative analysis of two anomaly techniques reveals that the isolation forest model marginally outperforms the minimum covariance determinant ***,the modeling f

关键词： Bivariate models Traffic conflicts Crash severity Crash frequency Generalized extreme value Anomaly detection techniques

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DAFPN-YOLO: An Improved UAV-Based Object Detection Algorithm Based on YOLOv8s

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computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第5期83卷 1929-1949页

作者： Honglin Wang Yaolong Zhang Cheng Zhu School of Artificial Intelligence Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China School of Computer Science Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China Electrical&Computer Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL 61801USA

UAV-based object detection is rapidly expanding in both civilian and military applications,including security surveillance,disaster assessment,and border ***,challenges such as small objects,occlusions,complex backgrounds,and variable lighting persist due to the unique perspective of UAV *** address these issues,this paper introduces DAFPN-YOLO,an innovative model based on YOLOv8s(You Only Look Once version 8s).Themodel strikes a balance between detection accuracy and speed while reducing parameters,making itwell-suited for multi-object detection tasks from drone perspectives.A key feature of DAFPN-YOLO is the enhanced Drone-AFPN(Adaptive Feature Pyramid Network),which adaptively fuses multi-scale features to optimize feature extraction and enhance spatial and small-object *** leverage Drone-AFPN’smulti-scale capabilities fully,a dedicated 160×160 small-object detection head was added,significantly boosting detection accuracy for small *** the backbone,the C2f_Dual(Cross Stage Partial with Cross-Stage Feature Fusion Dual)module and SPPELAN(Spatial Pyramid Pooling with Enhanced LocalAttentionNetwork)modulewere *** components improve feature extraction and information aggregationwhile reducing parameters and computational complexity,enhancing inference ***,Shape-IoU(Shape Intersection over Union)is used as the loss function for bounding box regression,enabling more precise shape-based object *** results on the VisDrone 2019 dataset demonstrate the effectiveness *** to YOLOv8s,the proposedmodel achieves a 5.4 percentage point increase inmAP@0.5,a 3.8 percentage point improvement in mAP@0.5:0.95,and a 17.2%reduction in parameter *** results highlight DAFPN-YOLO’s advantages in UAV-based object detection,offering valuable insights for applying deep learning to UAV-specific multi-object detection tasks.

关键词： YOLOv8 UAV-based object detection AFPN small-object detection head SPPELAN DualConv loss function

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Multi-feature Fusion Deep Network for Skin Disease Diagnosis

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第1期84卷 419-444页

作者： Gairola, Ajay Krishan Kumar, Vidit Sahoo, Ashok Kumar Diwakar, Manoj Singh, Prabhishek Garg, Deepak Department of Computer Science and Engineering Graphic Era Hill University Dehradun India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Graphic Era deemed to be university Dehradun India School of Computer Science Engineering and Technology Bennett University Greater Noida India School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence SR University Warangal Telangana Warangal506371 India

The skin acts as an important barrier between the body and the external environment, playing a vital role as an organ. The application of deep learning in the medical field to solve various health problems has generated increasing interest. The objective of this research is to create a new model using a deep network with multi-feature fusion that enables accurate identification of various skin diseases. This paper proposes a fully fused network (FFN), which includes an improved single block (ISB) and an improved fusion block (IFB) to achieve optimal performance. To implement this, a convolutional neural network-based model for multi-class recognition of skin images has been developed, in which ISB is used to segment diseases in skin images. The IFB module is designed to enhance the effectiveness of the fused network. The model is built and evaluated using our proprietary dataset (Skin_disease_v1) along with publicly available datasets, namely ISIC2016, ISIC2017, and HAM10000. The highest accuracy achieved in experiments was 86% for ISB, 90% for IFB, and 92% for FFN using HAM10000 (for ResNet101V2), HAM10000 (for Resnet50 + ResNet101V2), and HAM10000 (for Resnet50 + ResNet101V2). This shows an accuracy improvement of 9.2%, 13.2%, and 15.2% compared to the state-of-the-art ISB, IFB, and FFN approaches, respectively. Our network outperforms existing networks in terms of performance. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Deep learning

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Gender opposition recognition method fusing emojis and multi-features in Chinese speech

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Soft Computing 2025年第4期29卷 2379-2390页

作者： Zhang, Shunxiang Ma, Zichen Li, Hanchen Liu, Yunduo Chen, Lei Li, Kuan-Ching School of Computer Science and Engineering Anhui University of Science and Technology Anhui Huainan China School of Computer Huainan Normal University Anhui Huainan China Providence University Taichung Taiwan

Speech with gender opposition on the internet have been causing antagonism, gamophobia, and pregnancy phobia among young groups. Recognizing gender opposition speech contributes to maintaining a healthy online environment and security in cyberspace. Traditional recognition model ignores the Chinese-owned features and emojis, which inevitably affects the recognition accuracy of gender opposition. To tackle this issue, a gender opposition recognition method fusing emojis and multi-features in Chinese speech(GOR-CS) is proposed. Firstly, the exBERT method is employed to expand the encoding of emojis into the BERT vocabulary, which can ensure BERT to extract the basis vectors containing characters and emojis information. Then, the feature vectors containing Wubi, Zhengma, and Pinyin information are extracted by Word2Vec to obtain the Chinese-owned features of gender opposition text. Further, the proposed basis vector and feature vectors are fused and then fed into the Bi-GRU network to extract deeper semantics from input sentences. Finally, to determine whether the speech are related to gender opposition, the sentiment polarities are calculated with the fully connected layer and SoftMax function. Experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively improve the accuracy of gender opposition recognition. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Semantics

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