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Short Term Traffic Flow Prediction Using Hybrid Deep Learning

computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第4期75卷 1641-1656页

作者： Mohandu Anjaneyulu Mohan Kubendiran School of Computer Science and Engineering(SCOPE) Vellore Institute of Technology(VIT)Vellore632014India

Traffic flow prediction in urban areas is essential in the IntelligentTransportation System (ITS). Short Term Traffic Flow (STTF) predictionimpacts traffic flow series, where an estimation of the number of vehicleswill appear during the next instance of time per hour. Precise STTF iscritical in Intelligent Transportation System. Various extinct systems aim forshort-term traffic forecasts, ensuring a good precision outcome which was asignificant task over the past few years. The main objective of this paper is topropose a new model to predict STTF for every hour of a day. In this paper,we have proposed a novel hybrid algorithm utilizing Principal ComponentAnalysis (PCA), Stacked Auto-Encoder (SAE), Long Short Term Memory(LSTM), and K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) named PALKNN. Firstly, PCAremoves unwanted information from the dataset and selects essential ***, SAE is used to reduce the dimension of input data using onehotencoding so the model can be trained with better speed. Thirdly, LSTMtakes the input from SAE, where the data is sorted in ascending orderbased on the important features and generates the derived value. Finally,KNN Regressor takes information from LSTM to predict traffic flow. Theforecasting performance of the PALKNN model is investigated with OpenRoad Traffic Statistics dataset, Great Britain, UK. This paper enhanced thetraffic flow prediction for every hour of a day with a minimal error *** extensive experimental analysis was performed on the benchmark *** evaluated results indicate the significant improvement of the proposedPALKNN model over the recent approaches such as KNN, SARIMA, LogisticRegression, RNN, and LSTM in terms of root mean square error (RMSE)of 2.07%, mean square error (MSE) of 4.1%, and mean absolute error (MAE)of 2.04%.

关键词： Short term traffic flow prediction principal component analysis stacked auto encoders long short term memory k nearest neighbors:intelligent transportation system

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Imbalanced multilabel retinal disease classification using threshold moving and ensemble learning

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-19页

作者： Pendharkar, Gaurav Balaji, Sudharshanan Kumar, B. Muhesh Malathi, G. School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Tamil Nadu Chennai600127 India

Billions of people worldwide are affected by vision impairment majorly caused due to age-related degradation and refractive errors. Diabetic Retinopathy(DR) and Macular Hole(MH) are among the most prevalent senescent retinal diseases. Machine Intelligence can assist ophthalmologists and clinicians in fast and accurate disease diagnosis by identifying patterns in disease progression for a better healthcare system. In this paper, the Retinal Fundus Multi-disease Image Dataset (RFMiD) is used to design a machine intelligence system with two chief components namely a disease risk classifier, and a multi-label classifier. The disease risk classifier predicts whether the retinal fundus image is infected or not. Based on the prediction of the disease risk classifier, a multi-label classifier can be applied to obtain probabilities for the susceptibility to DR and MH. Finally, an ensemble is employed with the best of 3 models for each classifier. The disease riskpredictor attained a peak F1-score of 88%, while the multi-label classifier achieved an Area Under the Curve(AUC) score of 86%. However, the individual binary classifiers for DR and MH reached maximum F-scores of 91% and 93%, respectively. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Risk perception

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Classification of Request-Based Mobility Load Balancing in Fog Computing

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computer Systems science & engineering 2023年第7期46卷 137-151页

作者： D.Deepa K.R.Jothi School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of TechnologyVellore632014India

Every day,more and more data is being produced by the Internet of Things(IoT)*** data differ in amount,diversity,veracity,and *** of latency,various types of data handling in cloud computing are not suitable for many time-sensitive *** users move from one site to another,mobility also adds to the *** placing computing close to IoT devices with mobility support,fog computing addresses these *** efficient Load Balancing Algorithm(LBA)improves user experience and Quality of Service(QoS).Classification of Request(CoR)based Resource Adaptive LBA is suggested in this *** technique clusters fog nodes using an efficient K-means clustering algorithm and then uses a Decision Tree approach to categorize the *** decision-making process for time-sensitive and delay-tolerable requests is facilitated by the classification of *** does the operation based on these *** MobFogSim simulation program is utilized to assess how well the algorithm with mobility features *** outcome demonstrates that the LBA algorithm’s performance enhances the total system performance,which was attained by(90.8%).Using LBA,several metrics may be examined,including Response Time(RT),delay(d),Energy Consumption(EC),and *** the on-demand provisioning of necessary resources to IoT users,our suggested LBA assures effective resource usage.

关键词： Mobility load balancing classification clustering IoT devices

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Brain tumor segmentation and classification using transfer learning based CNN model with model agnostic concept interpretation

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第5期84卷 2509-2538页

作者： Nancy, A. Maria Maheswari, R. School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Tamil Nadu Chennai632014 India

In recent decades, brain tumors have been regarded as a severe illness that causes significant damage to the health of the individual, and finally it results to death. Hence, the Brain Tumor Segmentation and Classification (BTSC) has gained more attention among researcher communities. BTSC is the process of finding brain tumor tissues and classifying the tissues based on the tumor types. Manual tumor segmentation from is prone to error and a time-consuming task. A precise and fast BTSC model is developed in this manuscript based on a transfer learning-based Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) model. The utilization of a variant of CNN is because of its superiority in distinct tasks. In the initial phase, the Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) brain images are acquired from the Brain Tumor Image Segmentation Challenge (BRATS) 2019, 2020 and 2021 databases. Then the image augmentation is performed on the gathered images by using zoom-in, rotation, zoom-out, flipping, scaling, and shifting methods that effectively reduce overfitting issues in the classification model. The augmented images are segmented using the layers of the Visual-Geometry-Group (VGG-19) model. Then feature extraction using An Attribute Aware Attention (AWA) methodology is carried out on the segmented images following the segmentation block in the VGG-19 model. The crucial features are then selected using the attribute category reciprocal attention phase. These features are inputted to the Model Agnostic Concept Extractor (MACE) to generate the relevance score between the features for assisting in the final classification process. The obtained relevance scores from the MACE are provided to the max-pooling layer of the VGG-19 model. Then, the final classified output is obtained from the modified VGG-19 architecture. The implemented Relevance score with the AWA-based VGG-19 model is used to classify the tumor as the whole tumor, enhanced tumor, and tumor core. In the classification section, the proposed

关键词： Magnetic resonance imaging

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Automatic summarization of cooking videos using transfer learning and transformer-based models

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Discover Artificial Intelligence 2025年第1期5卷 1-20页

作者： Sadique, P. M. Alen Aswiga, R.V. School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Tamil Nadu Chennai600127 India

The proliferation of cooking videos on the internet these days necessitates the conversion of these lengthy video contents into concise text recipes. Many online platforms now have a large number of cooking videos, in which, there is a challenge for viewers to extract comprehensive recipes from lengthy visual content. Effective summary is necessary in order to translate the abundance of culinary knowledge found in videos into text recipes that are easy to read and follow. This will make the cooking process easier for individuals who are searching for precise step by step cooking instructions. Such a system satisfies the needs of a broad spectrum of learners while also improving accessibility and user simplicity. As there is a growing need for easy-to-follow recipes made from cooking videos, researchers are looking on the process of automated summarization using advanced techniques. One such approach is presented in our work, which combines simple image-based models, audio processing, and GPT-based models to create a system that makes it easier to turn long culinary videos into in-depth recipe texts. A systematic workflow is adopted in order to achieve the objective. Initially, Focus is given for frame summary generation which employs a combination of two convolutional neural networks and a GPT-based model. A pre-trained CNN model called Inception-V3 is fine-tuned with food image dataset for dish recognition and another custom-made CNN is built with ingredient images for ingredient recognition. Then a GPT based model is used to combine the results produced by the two CNN models which will give us the frame summary in the desired format. Subsequently, Audio summary generation is tackled by performing Speech-to-text functionality in python. A GPT-based model is then used to generate a summary of the resulting textual representation of audio in our desired format. Finally, to refine the summaries obtained from visual and auditory content, Another GPT-based model is used

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Early prediction of diabetics using three-layer classifier model and improved dimensionality reduction

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-27页

作者： G, Keerthana R, Mohanasundaram School of Computing Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology TN Vellore India

Diabetes is a long-term illness that results in a variety of chronic body damage, such as kidney failure, heart problems, eye damage, depression, and nerve damage. This disease is caused by several risk factors, the most prevalent of which are age, obesity, hypertension, and insulin resistance. As a result, early detection of these chronic diseases is critical in assisting patients in reversing diabetes and living healthy lives. Moreover, the main motive of this research is to enhance the prediction and classification score of the existing models by improved dimensionality reduction. In this study, a new early diabetic prediction model is developed using a new Three-Layer Classifier model. The proposed model is designed by using the Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), and Improved Restricted Boltzmann machine (I-RBM). At first, the raw data is pre-processed using a data cleaning method, where the Missing Value handling, Unwanted data removal, and noise and Outliers handling are accomplished. The noisy images are filtered/denoised by median filters. Then, from this pre-processed data, features like improved Independent Component Analysis (i-ICA), information gain, joint mutual information (JMI), conditional mutual information (CMI), Correlation, and Joint entropy are extracted. As a result, the performance of the proposed model can be validated with different existing methods such as IRBM, RF-SVM, RBM, RF, and SVM. The developed system provides better accuracy about 98.7% of disease classification accuracy and it is high when compared with the existing methodologies such as SVM, RF, RBM, RF-SVM, and IRBM. The accuracy of SVM is about 87%, the accuracy of RF is 91%, RBM and RF-SVM models have 95% accuracy, and the IRBM model has 96% accuracy. Moreover, the higher accuracy of the proposed model indicates that the system can able to reduce the high dimensionality data to avoid overfitting and thus it can enhance the perfromance. © The Author(s), under excl

关键词： Median filters

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An IoMT-based Federated Learning Survey in Smart Transportation

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Recent Advances in computer science and Communications 2024年第4期17卷 20-39页

作者： Karnam, Geetha Vani Maddikunta, Praveen Kumar Reddy School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems Vellore Institute of Technology Tamil Nadu Vellore632014 India

Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) is a technology that encompasses medical devices, wearable sensors, and applications connected to the Internet. In road accidents, it plays a crucial role in enhancing emergency response and reducing the impact of accidents on victims. Smart Transportation uses this technology to improve the efficiency and safety of transportation systems. The current Artificial Intelligence applications lack transparency and interpretability which is of utmost importance in critical transportation scenarios, such as autonomous vehicles, air traffic control systems, and traffic management systems. Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) provides a clear, transparent explanation and actions. Traditional Machine Learning techniques have enabled Intelligent Transportation systems by performing centralized vehicular data training at the server where data sharing is needed, thus introducing privacy issues. To reduce transmission overhead and achieve privacy, a collaborative and distributed machine learning approach called Federated Learning (FL) is used. Here only model updates are transmitted instead of the entire dataset. This paper provides a comprehensive survey on the prediction of traffic using Machine Learning, Deep Learning, and FL. Among these, FL can predict traffic accurately without compromising privacy. We first present the overview of XAI and FL in the introduction. Then, we discuss the basic concepts of FL and its related work, the FL-IoMT framework, and motivations for using FL in transportation. Subsequently, we discuss the applications of using FL in transportation and open-source projects. Finally, we highlight several research challenges and their possible directions in FL. © 2024 Bentham science Publishers.

关键词： Intelligent systems

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A novel ensemble ARIMA-LSTM approach for evaluating COVID-19 cases and future outbreak preparedness

Health Care Science

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Health Care science 2024年第6期3卷 409-425页

作者： Somit Jain Shobhit Agrawal Eshaan Mohapatra Kathiravan Srinivasan School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of TechnologyVelloreIndia

Background:The global impact of the highly contagious COVID-19 virus has created unprecedented challenges,significantly impacting public health and economies *** research article conducts a time series analysis of COVID-19 data across various countries,including India,Brazil,Russia,and the United States,with a particular emphasis on total confirmed ***:The proposed approach combines auto-regressive integrated moving average(ARIMA)'s ability to capture linear trends and seasonality with long short-term memory(LSTM)networks,which are designed to learn complex nonlinear dependencies in the *** hybrid approach surpasses both individual models and existing ARIMA-artificial neural network(ANN)hybrids,which often struggle with highly nonlinear time series like COVID-19 *** integrating ARIMA and LSTM,the model aims to achieve superior forecasting accuracy compared to baseline models,including ARIMA,Gated Recurrent Unit(GRU),LSTM,and ***:The hybrid ARIMA-LSTM model outperformed the benchmark models,achieving a mean absolute percentage error(MAPE)score of 2.4%.Among the benchmark models,GRU performed the best with a MAPE score of 2.9%,followed by LSTM with a score of 3.6%.Conclusions:The proposed ARIMA-LSTM hybrid model outperforms ARIMA,GRU,LSTM,Prophet,and the ARIMA-ANN hybrid model when evaluating using metrics like MAPE,symmetric mean absolute percentage error,and median absolute percentage error across all countries *** findings have the potential to significantly improve preparedness and response efforts by public health authorities,allowing for more efficient resource allocation and targeted interventions.

关键词： COVID-19 time series ARIMA LSTM GRU prophet ANN proposed model

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Attenuate Class Imbalance Problem for Pneumonia Diagnosis Using Ensemble Parallel Stacked Pre-Trained Models

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computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第4期75卷 891-909页

作者： Aswathy Ravikumar Harini Sriraman School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of TechnologyChennai600127India

Pneumonia is an acute lung infection that has caused many fatalitiesglobally. Radiologists often employ chest X-rays to identify pneumoniasince they are presently the most effective imaging method for this ***-aided diagnosis of pneumonia using deep learning techniques iswidely used due to its effectiveness and performance. In the proposed method,the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) approach is usedto eliminate the class imbalance in the X-ray dataset. To compensate forthe paucity of accessible data, pre-trained transfer learning is used, and anensemble Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model is developed. Theensemble model consists of all possible combinations of the MobileNetv2,Visual Geometry Group (VGG16), and DenseNet169 models. MobileNetV2and DenseNet169 performed well in the Single classifier model, with anaccuracy of 94%, while the ensemble model (MobileNetV2+DenseNet169)achieved an accuracy of 96.9%. Using the data synchronous parallel modelin Distributed Tensorflow, the training process accelerated performance by98.6% and outperformed other conventional approaches.

关键词： Pneumonia prediction distributed deep learning data parallel model ensemble deep learning class imbalance skewed data

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Adaptive Elastic GAN for High-Fidelity Blood Cell Image Hallucination and Classification

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 84897-84910页

作者： Margret, Issac Neha Rajakumar, K. Vellore Institute of Technology School of Computer Science and Engineering Tamil Nadu Vellore632 014 India

Automated blood cell classification is crucial for hematological analysis, yet the scarcity of annotated medical datasets challenges deep learning models. This study presents a novel semi-supervised Elastic Generative Adversarial Network that enhances classification accuracy, improves synthetic image generation quality, and reduces computational complexity. The model utilizes image hallucination, which generates artificial but realistic images to supplement datasets, addressing data imbalance and improving model generalization. The generated images exhibit high fidelity, meaning they closely resemble real blood cell images in texture, morphology, and structural details, ensuring their effectiveness in training deep learning models. Compared to the conventional semi-supervised Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Network, the proposed model achieves a 5.5% increase in classification accuracy, a 34.5% reduction in computational complexity, and a 21.0% decrease in training time, demonstrating superior efficiency and scalability. In addition, it greatly enhances Fréchet Inception Distance and Wasserstein distance, which verifies improved realism and diversity of synthetic samples. Complementing pruning-based optimization ensures reduced model deployment size, rendering it appropriate for real-time medical diagnosis. Through image hallucination, the proposed method sufficiently alleviates data deficiency and improves the reliability of automated blood cell classification, qualifying it as a prospective tool for advanced hematological studies and diagnosis purposes. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Generative adversarial networks

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