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MIMO performance enhancement of MIMO arrays using PCS-based near-field optimization technique

science China(Information sciences) 2023年第6期66卷 170-185页

作者： Yipeng WANG Xiaoming CHEN Huiling PEI Wei E.I.SHA Yi HUANG Ahmed A.KISHK School of Information and Communications Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Electronic Devices and Smart Systems of Zhejiang Province College of Information Science and Electronic EngineeringZhejiang University Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics University of Liverpool Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Concordia University

Extensive efforts have been made in designing large multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)arrays. Nevertheless, improvements in conventional antenna characteristics cannot ensure significant MIMO performance improvement in realistic multipath environments. Array decorrelation techniques have been proposed, achieving correlation reductions by either tilting the antenna beams or shifting the phase centers away from each other. Hence, these methods are mainly limited to MIMO terminals with small arrays. To avoid such problems, this work proposes a decorrelation optimization technique based on phase correcting surface(PCS)that can be applied to large MIMO arrays, enhancing their MIMO performances in a realistic(non-isotropic)multipath environment. First, by using a near-field channel model and an optimization algorithm, a near-field phase distribution improving the MIMO capacity is obtained. Then the PCS(consisting of square elements)is used to cover the array's aperture, achieving the desired near-field phase *** examples demonstrate the effectiveness of this PCS-based near-field optimization technique. One is a1 × 4 dual-polarized patch array(working at 2.4 GHz)covered by a 2 × 4 PCS with 0.6λ center-to-center distance. The other is a 2 × 8 dual-polarized dipole array, for which a 4 × 8 PCS with 0.4λ center-to-center distance is designed. Their MIMO capacities can be effectively enhanced by 8% and 10% in single-cell and multi-cell scenarios, respectively. The PCS has insignificant effects on mutual coupling, matching, and the average radiation efficiency of the patch array, and increases the antenna gain by about 2.5 dB while keeping broadside radiations to ensure good cellular coverage, which benefits the MIMO performance of the *** proposed technique offers a new perspective for improving large MIMO arrays in realistic multipath in a statistical sense.

关键词： antenna correlation array antenna multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) capacity

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AN 8-WAY RF FEED NETWORK FOR 5.3 GHZ C-BAND SAR: DESIGN, SIMULATION, AND ANALYSIS USING STANDARD METHODS

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Telecommunications and Radio engineering (English translation of Elektrosvyaz and Radiotekhnika) 2025年第5期84卷 21-43页

作者： Kothapudi, Venkata Kishore Thokala, Niharika Vallabhaneni, Ramyasri Sanaka, Poojitha Kumar, Vijay Pappula, Lakshman Gottapu, Srinivasa Kiran Bhattacharyya, Arka Guntur District Andhra Pradesh Vadlamudi522213 India Department of Communication Engineering School of Electronics Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Tamil Nadu Vellore632014 India Department of Electrical Electronics and Communication Engineering GITAM School of Technology GITAM University Andhra Pradesh Visakhapatnam530045 India School of Science and Engineering Engineering and Computer Science Department Benedict College 1600 Harden St ColumbiaSC29204 United States

This study proposes the design and analysis of an eight-way power divider for unequal division at 5.3 GHz for C-band frequency. Many transmission line pieces make up the current power divider. These transmission lines were printed on a substrate material (RT/duroid 5880, 1.6 mm thick, permittivity 2.2, and loss tangent 0.0002). The eight-way power divider’s unequal amplitudes are constructed using Taylor’s 1-parameter method to achieve the side projection levels –17 dB down as from the main beam. The proposed power divider consists of using two transmission lines with a 3/4 frequency connected to branched microstriplines, providing excellent isolation and matching between the power divider’s two output ports. This power divider is composed of three stages. A 1:2 power divider is used in the first stage, a 1:4 power divider is used in the second stage, and a 1:8 power divider is used in the third stage. According to the simulation results, 1:2 delivers half of the input power, 1:4 produces one-fourth of the power, and 1:8 delivers one-eighth of the input power. All of these assessments were done with the advanced design system (ADS) simulation program. According to both simulated and measured data, the return loss exceeds –35 dB, and the isolation across the output terminals exceeds –40 dB. The proposed circuit operates effectively at C-band frequencies in terms of return loss and isolation (4 GHz and 8 GHz). © 2025 by Begell House, Inc.

关键词： Integrated circuit design

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Transaction transmission model for blockchain channels based on non-cooperative games

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science China(Information sciences) 2023年第1期66卷 97-114页

作者： Peiyun ZHANG Chenxi LI Mengchu ZHOU Wenjun HUANG Abdullah ABUSORRAH Omaimah O.BAMASAG Engineering Research Center of Digital Forensics of Ministry of Education School of Computer and SoftwareNanjing University of Information Science and Technology School of Computer and Information Anhui Normal University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy and Power Systems Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering and K.A.CARE Energy Research and Innovation CenterKing Abdulaziz University Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computing and Information Technology Center of Excellence in Smart Environment Research King Abdulaziz University

In blockchain networks, transactions can be transmitted through channels. The existing transmission methods depend on their routing information. If a node randomly chooses a channel to transmit a transaction, the transmission may be aborted due to insufficient funds(also called balance) or a low transmission rate. To increase the success rate and reduce transmission delay across all transactions, this work proposes a transaction transmission model for blockchain channels based on non-cooperative game *** balance, channel states, and transmission probability are fully considered. This work then presents an optimized channel transaction transmission algorithm. First, channel balances are analyzed and suitable channels are selected if their balance is sufficient. Second, a Nash equilibrium point is found by using an iterative sub-gradient method and its related channels are then used to transmit transactions. The proposed method is compared with two state-of-the-art approaches: Silent Whispers and Speedy Murmurs. Experimental results show that the proposed method improves transmission success rate, reduces transmission delay,and effectively decreases transmission overhead in comparison with its two competitive peers.

关键词： Blockchain channel transaction transmission channel balance channel state channel transmission probability non-cooperative game

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Low-complexity signal detection for massive MIMO systems via trace iterative method

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Journal of Systems engineering and Electronics 2024年第3期35卷 549-557页

作者： IMRAN A.Khoso ZHANG Xiaofei ABDUL Hayee Shaikh IHSAN A.Khoso ZAHEER Ahmed Dayo College of Electronic and Information Engineering Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 211106China School of Electrical Engineering Korea UniversitySeoul 02841Korea School of Mathematics South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510641China Department of Computer Science Huanggang Normal UniversityHuanggang 438000China

Linear minimum mean square error(MMSE)detection has been shown to achieve near-optimal performance for massive multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)systems but inevitably involves complicated matrix inversion,which entails high *** avoid the exact matrix inversion,a considerable number of implicit and explicit approximate matrix inversion based detection methods is *** combining the advantages of both the explicit and the implicit matrix inversion,this paper introduces a new low-complexity signal detection ***,the relationship between implicit and explicit techniques is ***,an enhanced Newton iteration method is introduced to realize an approximate MMSE detection for massive MIMO uplink *** proposed improved Newton iteration significantly reduces the complexity of conventional Newton ***,its complexity is still high for higher ***,it is applied only for first two *** subsequent iterations,we propose a novel trace iterative method(TIM)based low-complexity algorithm,which has significantly lower complexity than higher Newton *** guarantees of the proposed detector are also *** simulations verify that the proposed detector exhibits significant performance enhancement over recently reported iterative detectors and achieves close-to-MMSE performance while retaining the low-complexity advantage for systems with hundreds of antennas.

关键词： signal detection low-complexity linear minimum mean square error(MMSE) massive multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) trace iterative method(TIM)

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An Encoding-Based Privacy-Preserving Security control Strategy Under Stealthy Attacks

IEEE Transactions on Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems

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IEEE Transactions on Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems 2025年 3卷 208-217页

作者： Liu, Jian Wang, Shuailong Zha, Lijuan Liu, Jinliang Tian, Engang Nanjing University of Finance and Economics School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence Nanjing210023 China Nanjing Forestry University School of Science Nanjing210037 China Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology School of Computer Science Nanjing210044 China University of Shanghai for Science and Technology School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering Shanghai200093 China

This paper focuses on the privacy-preserving security control issue for cyber-physical systems (CPSs) via an encoding-decoding communication scheme (EDCS). To considerably contemplate the delayed data acquisition and analysis, the integral measurement model is established, which is governed by the function related to system states within a certain period. The EDCS designed has a certain resistant to the non-ideal communication network with limited bandwidth capacity and fading channels. Then the controller is constructed by utilizing the decoding data. Furthermore, in the controller-to-actuator channel, assuming the stealthy false data injection attacks occur randomly and the injected pseudo data is associated with transmission data that has been eavesdropped. By virtue of deriving sufficient conditions, the CPS with EDCS can achieve input-to-state stability as well as the corresponding controller and observer gain parameters are acquired. Eventually, the effectiveness of the designed EDCS and control algorithm is illustrated by a case study involving an autonomous underwater vehicle system. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Encoding (symbols)

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The Research on Loss and Temperature Rise of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Based on Field-Path Coupling

The Research on Loss and Temperature Rise of Permanent Magne...

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International Conference of electrical, Electronic and Networked Energy Systems, EENES 2024

作者： Wang, Zhaofeng Gu, Yu Wu, Qinghui Zhang, Shuai Shao, Jinghao Faculty of Electrical and Control Engineering Liaoning Technical University Huludao125105 China School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Liaoning Institute of Science and Engineering Jinzhou121013 China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819620418

In view of the difficulties brought by the wide application of frequency converters in current engineering practice to the motor design and simulation calculation, the permanent magnet synchronous motor was modeled and simulated by the method of field-road coupling. In this paper, the loss classification and calculation of permanent magnet synchronous motors, the calculation method of temperature rise and its application are summarized. Then, focusing on the principle and coupling relationship of field-road coupling, the advantages compared with other control methods, taking a 1.8 kW surface-mount permanent magnet synchronous motor as a classic and necessary example, finite element simulation, open-loop field-road coupling simulation, and id = 0 double closed-loop vector control field-road coupling simulation are established, and the field-road coupling is more suitable for the actual operation of the motor through the above simulation comparison experiments, and the open-loop control loss is four to six times higher than that of closed-loop control and finite element simulation. Finally, the development trend of this method in the future is summarized and prospected, which can play a reference role for the research of permanent magnet synchronous motors under the premise of different load. © Beijing Paike Culture Commu. Co., Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Open loop control

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Dynamic Evolutionary Game-based Modeling,Analysis and Performance Enhancement of Blockchain Channels

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2023年第1期10卷 188-202页

作者： PeiYun Zhang MengChu Zhou ChenXi Li Abdullah Abusorrah IEEE the School of Computer Science Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China the Helen and John C.Hartmann Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering New Jersey Institute of TechnologyNewarkNJ 07102 USA the School of Computer and Information Anhui Normal UniversityWuhu 241003China the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineeringand Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy and Power SystemsKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah 21481Saudi Arabia

The recent development of channel technology has promised to reduce the transaction verification time in blockchain *** transactions are transmitted through the channels created by nodes,the nodes need to cooperate with each *** one party refuses to do so,the channel is unstable.A stable channel is thus *** nodes may show uncooperative behavior,they may have a negative impact on the stability of such *** order to address this issue,this work proposes a dynamic evolutionary game model based on node *** model considers various defense strategies'cost and attack success ratio under *** can dynamically adjust their strategies according to the behavior of attackers to achieve their effective *** equilibrium stability of the proposed model can be *** proposed model can be applied to general channel *** is compared with two state-of-the-art blockchain channels:Lightning network and Spirit *** experimental results show that the proposed model can be used to improve a channel's stability and keep it in a good cooperative stable *** its use enables a blockchain to enjoy higher transaction success ratio and lower transaction transmission delay than the use of its two peers.

关键词： Blockchain channel network evolutionary game malicious behavior secure computing stability analysis

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Design and Analysis of a UWB Slotted Vivaldi Antenna for Microwave Imaging Applications

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IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing 2023年第4期12卷 350-357页

作者： Paul, Liton Chandra Majumder, Akash Rani, Tithi Hossain, Md. Najmul Rahim, Md. Abdur Shin, Jungpil Yun, Keun Soo Department of Electrical Electronic and Communication Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Technology Pabna University of Science and Technology Pabna6600 Bangladesh Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering Faculty of Electrical & Computer Engineering Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology Rajshahi6204 Bangladesh Department of Computer Science and Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Technology Pabna University of Science and Technology Pabna6600 Bangladesh School of Computer Science and Engineering The University of Aizu / Fukushima Aizuwakamatsu965-8580 Japan School of Computer and Information Technology Ulsan College / Dong-gu Ulsan44610 Korea Republic of

An ultra-wideband (UWB) slotted compact Vivaldi antenna with a microstrip line feed was evaluated for microwave imaging (MI) applications. The recommended FR4 substrate-based Vivaldi antenna is 50×50×1.5 mm3 in size. The proposed compact Vivaldi antenna showed good radiation characteristics and spanned an ultra-wide bandwidth of 10 GHz, ranging from 3.6 to 13.6 GHz, using a microstrip line feed with a radial stub, tapered slots, and resonant cavities. After analyzing the simulation findings, the proposed compact slotted UWB Vivaldi antenna was compared with the basic Vivaldi antenna. The maximum gain and efficiency were 7.35 dB and 82%, respectively. The antenna was simulated in the time domain using the computer simulation technology (CST) microwave studio. The frequency domain solver was also used for cross-validation, and the results were equally good. In conclusion, the proposed compact Vivaldi antenna is a good option for microwave imaging applications. © 2023 The Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers.

关键词： Cavity resonators

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Optimal Design of a Planning and Contracting Framework to Enable Vehicle to Building and Grid Services via Demand Response

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IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification 2025年第3期11卷 7542-7556页

作者： Abd Elaziz Elsayed, Ahmed Saxena, Shivam Essa Zidan Farag, Hany York University Lassonde School of Engineering Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department Keele Campus TorontoONM3J 1P3 Canada University of New Brunswick Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering FrederictonNBE3B5A3 Canada

Bidirectional electric vehicle (EV) charging enables stored energy to reduce peak loads for vehicle to buildings (V2Bs) and the vehicle to grid (V2G). However, building owners investing in V2B infrastructure while generating revenue from V2G services face challenges in planning and coordinating with EV owners due to uncertainties in their schedules and profit-sharing expectations. Additionally, misaligned building and grid peak times can create conflicts between V2B and V2G goals, which may negatively impact the building electricity bill. Unlike previous studies that used a contract-free approach for aggregating V2B and V2G, resulting in inconsistent participation, this article proposes a novel planning and contracting framework that enables building owner to determine the optimal contract parameters with EV owners. These parameters include minimum participation time in DR events, minimum arrival state of charge (SoC), and permitted emergency departure hours. The framework supports V2B aggregation with on-site distributed energy resources (DERs) for DR and V2G services, ensuring transparency and fairness through shared profits and performance-based penalties, while compensating building electricity bills due to V2G activities. The framework is composed of a tri-stage optimization process that uses Monte Carlo simulations to generate EV owner profit assessments, select optimal EV candidates based on charger availability, estimate contract parameters with profit/penalty sharing, and assign contracts between power system operators (PSOs), building owners, and EV owners under multiple virtual scenarios. Simulation results validate the contract parameter assessment and its performance via a 3-day case study with real-world datasets that demonstrates net revenue generation of {\} 209 for each EV owner and {\} 950 for building owners during DR events with a return on investment (ROI) of 134.5% and 130.7% for the EVs and Building owners, respectively. © 2015 IEEE.

关键词： Vehicle-to-grid

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Subwavelength 3D terahertz imaging with a single-pixel laser transceiver

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Optics Express 2025年第10期33卷 21938-21950页

作者： Silva, Jorge Plöschner, Martin Bertling, Karl Ghantala, Mukund Gillespie, Tim Torniainen, Jari Herbert, Jeremy Lim, Yah Leng Taimre, Thomas Qi, Xiaoqiong Donose, Bogdan C. Zhou, Tao Lui, Hoi-Shun Indjin, Dragan Han, Yingjun Li, Lianhe Valavanis, Alexander Linfield, Edmund H. Davies, A. Giles Dean, Paul Rakić, Aleksandar D. School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science The University of Queensland BrisbaneQLD4072 Australia School of Mathematics and Physics The University of Queensland BrisbaneQLD4072 Australia School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University of Leeds LeedsLS2 9JT United Kingdom

Terahertz imaging holds great potential for non-destructive material inspection, but practical implementation has been limited by resolution constraints. In this study, we present a single-pixel THz imaging system based on a confocal microscope architecture, utilizing a quantum cascade laser as both transmitter and phase-sensitive receiver. We demonstrate, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, that laser feedback interferometry-based imaging systems achieve enhanced lateral and axial resolution compared to conventional confocal imaging. Specifically, our approach yields a twofold improvement in lateral resolution, reaching λ/2, and a two-order-of-magnitude enhancement in axial resolution, from 25λ to beyond λ/5, through interferometric phase detection. The system can produce a 0.5 megapixel image in under three minutes, surpassing both raster-scanning single-pixel and multipixel focal-plane array-based imagers. Coherent operation enables simultaneous amplitude and phase image acquisition, and a custom visualization method links amplitude to image saturation and phase to hue, enhancing material characterization. A 3D tomographic analysis of a silicon chip reveals subwavelength features, demonstrating the system’s potential for high-resolution THz imaging and material analysis. This work overcomes the resolution limits of conventional lens-based imaging systems, by enabling rapid, high-fidelity imaging of subwavelength features beyond the diffraction limit. © 2025 Optica Publishing Group (formerly OSA). All rights reserved.

关键词： Confocal microscopy

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