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Gait Pattern Recognition through Force Sensor Platform based on XGBoost Model and Harris’ Hawks Optimization

IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics 2025年第1期55卷 118-125页

作者： Yu, Lie Mei, Pengzhi Ding, Lei School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering Wuhan Textile University Wuhan China School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering Wuhan Textile University Wuhan China School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Wuhan Textile University Wuhan China

This study developed a gait pattern classification system based on ground contact forces measured by six force sensors embedded inside the shoe sole. The data transmission is facilitated via the Bluetooth module integrated into an STM32 microcontroller. The extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) algorithm is used to identify the gait patterns, and the basic idea of XGBoost is to use second-order derivatives to make the loss function more precise, incorporate regularization to prevent tree overfitting, and enable block storage for parallel computation. By optimizing the XGBoost algorithm with four algorithms, the exploration capabilities of these algorithms are effectively incorporated into the fusion model. Experimental results indicate that the XGBoost algrithm optimized by Harris’ hawks optimization (HHO) outperforms the other optimization algorithms. Specifically, the HHO-XGBoost achieved high values of 97.41%, 97.03%, and 97.22% severally in the metrics of precision, recall, and F1 score. This research illustrates the HHO-XGBoost method's superiority in gait phase recognition. © (2025), (International Association of Engineers). All rights reserved.

关键词： Gait analysis

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Large circuit models: opportunities and challenges

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science China(Information sciences) 2024年第10期67卷 25-66页

作者： Lei CHEN Yiqi CHEN Zhufei CHU Wenji FANG Tsung-Yi HO Ru HUANG Yu HUANG Sadaf KHAN Min LI Xingquan LI Yu LI Yun LIANG Jinwei LIU Yi LIU Yibo LIN Guojie LUO Hongyang PAN Zhengyuan SHI Guangyu SUN Dimitrios TSARAS Runsheng WANG Ziyi WANG Xinming WEI Zhiyao XIE Qiang XU Chenhao XUE Junchi YAN Jun YANG Bei YU Mingxuan YUAN Evangeline F.Y.YOUNG Xuan ZENG Haoyi ZHANG Zuodong ZHANG Yuxiang ZHAO Hui-Ling ZHEN Ziyang ZHENG Binwu ZHU Keren ZHU Sunan ZOU Huawei Noah’s Ark Lab School of Integrated Circuits Peking University Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Ningbo University Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong School of Integrated Circuits Southeast University Huawei HiSilicon Peng Cheng Laboratory School of Computer Science Peking University School of Microelectronics State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and System Fudan University School of Artificial Intelligence Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Within the electronic design automation(EDA) domain, artificial intelligence(AI)-driven solutions have emerged as formidable tools, yet they typically augment rather than redefine existing methodologies. These solutions often repurpose deep learning models from other domains, such as vision, text, and graph analytics, applying them to circuit design without tailoring to the unique complexities of electronic circuits. Such an “AI4EDA” approach falls short of achieving a holistic design synthesis and understanding,overlooking the intricate interplay of electrical, logical, and physical facets of circuit data. This study argues for a paradigm shift from AI4EDA towards AI-rooted EDA from the ground up, integrating AI at the core of the design process. Pivotal to this vision is the development of a multimodal circuit representation learning technique, poised to provide a comprehensive understanding by harmonizing and extracting insights from varied data sources, such as functional specifications, register-transfer level(RTL) designs, circuit netlists,and physical layouts. We champion the creation of large circuit models(LCMs) that are inherently multimodal, crafted to decode and express the rich semantics and structures of circuit data, thus fostering more resilient, efficient, and inventive design methodologies. Embracing this AI-rooted philosophy, we foresee a trajectory that transcends the current innovation plateau in EDA, igniting a profound “shift-left” in electronic design methodology. The envisioned advancements herald not just an evolution of existing EDA tools but a revolution, giving rise to novel instruments of design-tools that promise to radically enhance design productivity and inaugurate a new epoch where the optimization of circuit performance, power, and area(PPA) is achieved not incrementally, but through leaps that redefine the benchmarks of electronic systems' capabilities.

关键词： AI-rooted EDA large circuit models (LCMs) multimodal circuit representation learning circuit optimization

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Joint V2V Group Association and Transmission Power control in Federated Vehicular Networks

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第11期12卷 18167-18182页

作者： Liu, Su Guan, Peiyuan Li, Yushuai Li, Tianyi Zolfagharian, Zolaikha Yu, Jiong Huang, Tingwen Xinjiang University School of Computer Science and Technology Urumqi830046 China University of Oslo Department of Informatics Oslo0316 Norway Aalborg University Department of Computer Science Aalborg9220 Denmark University of Tehran School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Iran Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology Faculty of Computer Science and Control Engineering Shenzhen518055 China

With growing awareness of privacy protection, Federated Learning (FL) in vehicular network scenarios effectively addresses privacy concerns, leading to the development of Federated Vehicular Networks (FVN). In FVN, vehicles maintain a global model by transmitting local models and iterative processing, resulting in significant communication overhead. In the Internet of Vehicles (IoV), as the majority of the spectrum resources are allocated to Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication, vehicles engaged in FL encounter uplink interference when these resources are reused. This compromises the efficacy of FL vehicle communication. To address this issue, we propose FedCDC, a new Federated learning framework with adaptive weight Clustering with knowledge Distillation and Channel sharing-based resource allocation. First, we implement a communication compression strategy based on clustering and distillation to alleviate transmission load. Then, we develop a resource allocation strategy to maximize the Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR) for both FL vehicles and V2V groups, which investigates two critical components: channel pairing and power coordination. We formulate the optimization issue as a multi-objective optimization problem that is solved offline using the MIDACO solver. Due to the dynamic characteristics of FVN, we employ a Multi-Agent Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (MADDPG) to enhance efficiency. Finally, extensive experiments demonstrate that our approach significantly reduces data transmission and offers an efficient resource coordination plan, thus improving FL communication efficiency and ensuring the Quality of Service (QoS) for both V2V groups and FL vehicles. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Differential privacy

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Beamforming and Reflection Design for Short Packet ISAC With Non-Ideal RIS: An A3C-Based Approach

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IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 2025年第5期74卷 8379-8384页

作者： Mahmoudi, Behrad Khonsari, Ahmad Zeinali, Farshad Mili, Mohammad Robat Mashhadi, Mahdi Boloursaz Xiao, Pei University of Tehran Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Tehran Iran University of Tehran School of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of Engineering Tehran Iran School of Computer Science in the Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences Tehran Iran United Kingdom Institute for Advanced Innovative Solutions Tehran Iran

Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) is a promising solution to mitigate the increasing congestion of the wireless spectrum. In this paper, we investigate the short packet communication regime within an ISAC system assisted by a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) to meet the low latency ultra-reliable requirements in the next-generation wireless networks. We consider a non-ideal RIS model that captures effects of the phase-dependent amplitude variations in the reflection coefficients, and we have incorporated the near-field model into the channels between the RIS and the users or targets. In this setup, we jointly design the transmit beamforming and the RIS phase shifts to maximize the sum rate while satisfying the sensing signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) requirement. The system simultaneously carries out multitarget sensing and multi-user short packet communications with the help of the RIS. Considering the non-convex and dynamic nature of the resulting optimization problem, we propose an asynchronous advantage actor-critic (A3C) based method for beamforming and reflection design in this setup. Numerical results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed scheme over the benchmarks. © 1967-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Beamforming

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ASL-OOD:Hierarchical Contextual Feature Fusion with Angle-Sensitive Loss for Oriented Object Detection

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computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第2期82卷 1879-1899页

作者： Kexin Wang Jiancheng Liu Yuqing Lin Tuo Wang Zhipeng Zhang Wanlong Qi Xingye Han Runyuan Wen Northwest Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Xianyang712099China School of Information Engineering Chang’an UniversityXi’an710064China School of Computer Science and Technology Xidian UniversityXi’an710071China

Detecting oriented targets in remote sensing images amidst complex and heterogeneous backgrounds remains a formidable challenge in the field of object *** frameworks for oriented detection modules are constrained by intrinsic limitations,including excessive computational and memory overheads,discrepancies between predefined anchors and ground truth bounding boxes,intricate training processes,and feature alignment *** overcome these challenges,we present ASL-OOD(Angle-based SIOU Loss for Oriented Object Detection),a novel,efficient,and robust one-stage framework tailored for oriented object *** ASL-OOD framework comprises three core components:the Transformer-based Backbone(TB),the Transformer-based Neck(TN),and the Angle-SIOU(Scylla Intersection over Union)based Decoupled Head(ASDH).By leveraging the Swin Transformer,the TB and TN modules offer several key advantages,such as the capacity to model long-range dependencies,preserve high-resolution feature representations,seamlessly integrate multi-scale features,and enhance parameter *** improvements empower the model to accurately detect objects across varying *** ASDH module further enhances detection performance by incorporating angle-aware optimization based on SIOU,ensuring precise angular consistency and bounding box *** approach effectively harmonizes shape loss and distance loss during the optimization process,thereby significantly boosting detection *** evaluations and ablation studies on standard benchmark datasets such as DOTA with an mAP(mean Average Precision)of 80.16 percent,HRSC2016 with an mAP of 91.07 percent,MAR20 with an mAP of 85.45 percent,and UAVDT with an mAP of 39.7 percent demonstrate the clear superiority of ASL-OOD over state-of-the-art oriented object detection *** findings underscore the model’s efficacy as an advanced solution for challenging remote sensing object detection tasks.

关键词： Oriented object detection transformer deep learning

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A Game Theoretic Link Scheduler for Wireless Networks with Heterogeneous Energy Sources

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China Communications 2024年第12期21卷 108-125页

作者： He Tengjiao Kwanwu Chin Wang Yishun Sieteng Soh College of Information Science and Technology Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina School of Electrical Computer and Telecommunications EngineeringUniversity of WollongongNSWAustralia School of Electrical Engineering Computing and Mathematical SciencesCurtin UniversityWAAustralia

This paper considers link scheduling in a wireless network comprising of two types of nodes:(i)hybrid access points(HAPs)that harvest solar en-ergy,and(ii)devices that harvest radio frequency(RF)energy whenever HAPs *** aim is to de-rive the shortest possible link schedule that determines the transmission time of inter-HAPs links,and uplinks from devices to *** first outline a mixed in-teger linear program(MILP),which can be run by a central node to determine the optimal schedule and transmit power of HAPs and *** then out-line a game theory based protocol called Distributed Schedule Minimization Protocol(DSMP)that is run by HAPs and ***,it does not require causal energy arrivals and channel gains *** results show that DSMP produces schedule lengths that are at most 1.99x longer than the schedule computed by MILP.

关键词： channel access finite battery mathemati-cal program renewable energy wireless power trans-fer

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Performance Analysis of ZF and RZF in Low-Resolution ADC/DAC Massive MIMO Systems

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China Communications 2024年第8期21卷 115-126页

作者： Talha Younas Shen Jin Muluneh Mekonnen Gao Mingliang Saqib Saleem Sohaib Tahir Mahrukh Liaqat School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Shandong University of TechnologyZibo 255000China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering COMSATS University IslamabadSahiwal Campus Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of EngineeringDhofar UniversitySalalah 211Oman Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Addis Ababa Science and Technology UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia Department of Electrical Engineering College of Electrical and Mechanical EngineeringNUSTIslamabadPakistan

Large number of antennas and higher bandwidth usage in massive multiple-input-multipleoutput(MIMO)systems create immense burden on receiver in terms of higher power *** power consumption at the receiver radio frequency(RF)circuits can be significantly reduced by the application of analog-to-digital converter(ADC)of low *** this paper we investigate bandwidth efficiency(BE)of massive MIMO with perfect channel state information(CSI)by applying low resolution ADCs with Rician *** start our analysis by deriving the additive quantization noise model,which helps to understand the effects of ADC resolution on BE by keeping the power constraint at the receiver in *** also investigate deeply the effects of using higher bit rates and the number of BS antennas on bandwidth efficiency(BE)of the *** emphasize that good bandwidth efficiency can be achieved by even using low resolution ADC by using regularized zero-forcing(RZF)combining *** also provide a generic analysis of energy efficiency(EE)with different options of bits by calculating the energy efficiencies(EE)using the achievable *** emphasize that satisfactory BE can be achieved by even using low-resolution ADC/DAC in massive MIMO.

关键词： low-bit analog-digital converter massive(multiple-input-multiple-output)MIMO minimum mean square error(MMSE) regularized zero forcing zero forcing

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Energy- and Area-Efficient CMOS Neuron and Max Pooling Circuit for RRAM-Based CNN Accelerators

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 84329-84340页

作者： Kim, Dowon Lee, Byung-Geun Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Gwangju61005 Korea Republic of

This study proposes an energy- and area-efficient CMOS neuron and analog max pooling circuit for RRAM-based convolutional neural network (CNN) accelerators. The proposed max pooling circuit implements a 2 × 2 max pooling operation with a simple analog circuit in the current domain. The currentmode max pooling is performed before the current-to-voltage and voltage-to-digital conversions, thus reducing the number of circuits required for the conversions in the conventional CNN accelerators. Consequently, the 2 × 2 pooling circuit reduces the energy and area of the accelerator to a quarter. In addition to the max pooling circuit, the neuron circuit improves energy efficiency. The proposed neuron circuit implements the ReLU activation function along with digital conversion by modifying the operating principle of a conventional single-slope analog-to-digital converter. By implementing the ReLU function and digital conversion, the neuron achieves high energy efficiency by applying a high-speed asynchronous operation. A prototype chip, which included the neuron and current-mode max pooling circuit, was fabricated using a 130 nm standard CMOS process. The measurement results of the chip demonstrate its energy efficiency of 5.5 TOPS/W. Additionally, a simulation for image recognition demonstrates that a CNN accelerator employing the proposed neuron and max pooling circuit achieves 96.2 and 82.7% classification accuracies for the MNIST and Fashion-MNIST datasets, respectively. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： RRAM

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Orbit-Orbit Interaction in Spatiotemporal Optical Vortex

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engineering 2025年第2期45卷 44-51页

作者： Jian Chen Jie Zhao Xi Shen Dewei Mo Cheng-Wei Qiu Qiwen Zhan School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 117583Singapore

While spin-orbit interaction has been extensively studied,few investigations have reported on the interaction between orbital angular momenta(OAMs).In this work,we study a new type of orbit-orbit coupling between the longitudinal OAM and the transverse OAM carried by a three-dimensional(3D)spatiotemporal optical vortex(STOV)in the process of tight *** 3D STOV possesses orthogonal OAMs in the x-y,t-x,and y-t planes,and is preconditioned to overcome the spatiotemporal astigmatism effect.x,y,and t are the axes in the spatiotemporal *** corresponding focused wavepacket is calculated by employing the Debye diffraction theory,showing that a phase singularity ring is generated by the interactions among the transverse and longitudinal vortices in the highly confined *** Fourier-transform decomposition of the Debye integral is employed to analyze the mechanism of the orbit-orbit *** is the first revelation of coupling between the longitudinal OAM and the transverse OAM,paving the way for potential applications in optical trapping,laser machining,nonlinear light-matter interactions,and more.

关键词： Spatiotemporal optical vortex Orbital angular momentum Momentum interaction Highly confined wavepacket Diffraction

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Leakage Localization of Gas Pipelines Based on Modal Acoustic Emission and Cross-power Spectrum Peak Optimization

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IEEE Sensors Journal 2025年第11期25卷 19982-19992页

作者： Zhang, Wenbiao Gong, Kezheng Cui, Xiwang North China Electric Power University School of Control and Computer Engineering Beijing102206 China Beijing Information Science and Technology University School of Instrument Science and OptoElectronics Engineering Beijing100192 China

Leakage accidents in natural gas pipelines bring huge property losses and pose serious safety risks. Therefore, faster and more accurate leakage localization is of great significance. In this paper, a new method based on modal acoustic emission (MAE) and peak optimization of cross-power spectrum is proposed to enhance the performance of leakage localization. When a pipeline leakage occurs, the sensors installed on the pipelines receive the acoustic emission (AE) signals, which have various modes. Instead of extracting a single mode through complex algorithms, the proposed method directly extracts the cross-power spectrum of a specified mode by choosing the appropriate window function and window parameters to locate the leakage with velocity information from dispersion curves. Gaussian, Hamming and Blackman window functions are compared in the extraction of the cross-power spectrum of L(0,1) mode, among which the Blackman window function is found to be the most effective. The artificial fish swarm algorithm combined with the iteration criterion for peak optimization is used to obtain suitable window parameters. Finally, the localization error of the above method is less than 5.2%. In addition, the performance of the iteration criterion for peak optimization of cross-power spectrum combined with other intelligent swarm algorithms are investigated. The results show that the maximum errors of other intelligent methods are still less than 9%, demonstrating the great compatibility of the proposed method. © 2001-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Acoustic emissions

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