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arXiv 2023年

作者： Chen, Chao Liu, Run-Ze Wu, Jizhou Su, Zu-En Ding, Xing Qin, Jian Wang, Lin Zhang, Wei-Wei He, Yu Wang, Xi-Lin Lu, Chao-Yang Li, Li Sanders, Barry C. Liu, Xiong-Jun Pan, Jian-Wei Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale Department of Modern Physics University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Hefei230026 China CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of China Shanghai201315 China National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures School of Physics Nanjing University Nanjing210093 China Department of Physics Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China The Physics Department The Solid State Institute Technion—Israel Institute of Technology Haifa3200003 Israel Department of Physics University of Konstanz KonstanzD-78457 Germany School of Computer Science Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi’an710129 China Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China Institute for Quantum Science and Technology University of Calgary ABT2N 1N4 Canada International Center for Quantum Materials School of Physics Peking University Beijing100871 China CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China International Quantum Academy Shenzhen518048 China

Berry curvature is a fundamental element to characterize topological quantum physics, while a full measurement of Berry curvature in momentum space was not reported for topological states. Here we achieve two-dimensional Berry curvature reconstruction in a photonic quantum anomalous Hall system via Hall transport measurement of a momentum-resolved wave packet. Integrating measured Berry curvature over the two-dimensional Brillouin zone, we obtain Chern numbers corresponding to −1 and 0. Further, we identify bulk-boundary correspondence by measuring topology-linked chiral edge states at the boundary. The full topological characterization of photonic Chern bands from Berry curvature, Chern number, and edge transport measurements enables our photonic system to serve as a versatile platform for further in-depth study of novel topological physics. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Fruits

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A Tunable Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Entangled Photon-Pair Source

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Weissflog, Maximilian A. Fedotova, Anna Tang, Yilin Santos, Elkin A. Laudert, Benjamin Shinde, Saniya Abtahi, Fatemeh Afsharnia, Mina Pérez, Inmaculada Pérez Ritter, Sebastian Qin, Hao Janousek, Jiri Shradha, Sai Staude, Isabelle Saravi, Sina Pertsch, Thomas Setzpfandt, Frank Lu, Yuerui Eilenberger, Falk Institute of Applied Physics Abbe Center of Photonics Friedrich Schiller University Jena Albert-Einstein-Straße 15 Jena07745 Germany Max Planck School of Photonics Hans-Knöll-Straße 1 Jena07745 Germany Institute of Solid State Physics Friedrich Schiller University Jena Helmholtzweg 3 Jena07743 Germany School of Engineering College of Science and Computer Science The Australian National University CanberraACT Australia Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology The Australian National University CanberraACT Australia Institute for Condensed Matter Physics Technical University of Darmstadt Hochschulstraße. 6-8 Darmstadt64289 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering IOF Albert-Einstein-Straße 7 Jena07745 Germany

Entangled photon-pair sources are at the core of quantum applications like quantum key distribution, sensing, and imaging. Operation in space-limited and adverse environments such as in satellite-based and mobile communication requires robust entanglement sources with minimal size and weight requirements. Here, we meet this challenge by realizing a cubic micrometer scale entangled photon-pair source in a 3R-stacked transition metal dichalcogenide crystal. Its crystal symmetry enables the generation of polarization-entangled Bell states without additional components and provides tunability by simple control of the pump polarization. Remarkably, generation rate and state tuning are decoupled, leading to equal generation efficiency and no loss of entanglement. Combining transition metal dichalcogenides with monolithic cavities and integrated photonic circuitry or using quasi-phasematching opens the gate towards ultrasmall and scalable quantum devices. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Crystal symmetry

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Topological edge states at singular points in non-Hermitian plasmonic systems

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Huang, Yin Shen, Yuecheng Veronis, Georgios Department of Optoelectrics Information Science and Engineering School of Physics and Electronics Central South University Hunan Changsha410012 China State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies School of Electronics and Information Technology Sun Yat-Sen University Guangdong Guangzhou510275 China School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Louisiana State University Baton RougeLA70803 United States Center for Computation and Technology Louisiana State University Baton RougeLA70803 United States

We introduce non-Hermitian plasmonic waveguide-cavity systems with topological edge states (TESs) at singular points. The compound unit cells of the structures consist of metal-dielectric-metal (MDM) stub resonators side-coupled to an MDMwaveguide. We show that we can realize both a TES and an exceptional point at the same frequency when a proper amount of loss is introduced into a finite three-unit-cell structure. We also show that the finite structure can exhibit both a TES and a spectral singularity when a proper amount of gain is introduced into the structure. In addition, we show that we can simultaneously realize a unidirectional spectral singularity and a TES when proper amounts of loss and gain are introduced into the structure. We finally show that this singularity leads to extremely high sensitivity of the reflected light intensity to variations of the refractive index of the active materials in the structure. TESs at singular points could potentially contribute to the development of singularity-based plasmonic devices with enhanced performance. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Plasmonics

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Pretty good measurement for bosonic Gaussian ensembles

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Mishra, Hemant K. Lami, Ludovico Mandayam, Prabha Wilde, Mark M. School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Cornell University IthacaNY14850 United States Hearne Institute for Theoretical Physics Department of Physics and Astronomy Center for Computation and Technology Louisiana State University Baton RougeLA70803 United States Institute of Theoretical Physics and IQST Universität Ulm Albert-Einstein-Allee Ulm11D-89069 Germany QuSoft Science Park 123 Amsterdam1098 XG Netherlands Korteweg–de Vries Institute for Mathematics University of Amsterdam Science Park 105-107 Amsterdam1098 XG Netherlands Institute for Theoretical Physics University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 Amsterdam1098 XH Netherlands Center for Quantum Information Communication and Computing IIT Madras Chennai600036 India Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai600036 India

The pretty good measurement is a fundamental analytical tool in quantum information theory, giving a method for inferring the classical label that identifies a quantum state chosen probabilistically from an ensemble. Identifying and constructing the pretty good measurement for the class of bosonic Gaussian states is of immediate practical relevance in quantum information processing tasks. Holevo recently showed that the pretty good measurement for a bosonic Gaussian ensemble is a bosonic Gaussian measurement that attains the accessible information of the ensemble [IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 66(9):5634–564, 2020]. In this paper, we provide an alternate proof of Gaussianity of the pretty good measurement for a Gaussian ensemble of multimode bosonic states, with a focus on establishing an explicit and efficiently computable Gaussian description of the measurement. We also compute an explicit form of the mean square error of the pretty good measurement, which is relevant when using it for parameter estimation. Generalizing the pretty good measurement is a quantum instrument, called the pretty good instrument. We prove that the post-measurement state of the pretty good instrument is a faithful Gaussian state if the input state is a faithful Gaussian state whose covariance matrix satisfies a certain condition. Combined with our previous finding for the pretty good measurement and provided that the same condition holds, it follows that the expected output state is a faithful Gaussian state as well. In this case, we compute an explicit Gaussian description of the post-measurement and expected output states. Our findings imply that the pretty good instrument for bosonic Gaussian ensembles is no longer merely an analytical tool, but that it can also be implemented experimentally in quantum optics laboratories. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Mean square error

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Designing Environments Conducive to Interpretable Robot Behavior

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2020年

作者： Kulkarni, Anagha Sreedharan, Sarath Keren, Sarah Chakraborti, Tathagata Smith, David E. Kambhampati, Subbarao Dept of Computer Science Arizona State University United States School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University Center for Research on Computation and Society United States IBM Research

Designing robots capable of generating interpretable behavior is essential for effective human-robot collaboration. This requires robots to be able to generate behavior that aligns with human expectations but exhibiting such behavior in arbitrary environments could be quite expensive for robots, and in some cases, the robot may not even be able to exhibit expected behavior. However, in structured environments (like warehouses, restaurants, etc.), it may be possible to design the environment so as to boost the interpretability of a robot’s behavior or to shape the human’s expectations of the robot’s behavior. In this paper, we investigate the opportunities and limitations of environment design as a tool to promote a particular type of interpretable behavior – known in the literature as explicable behavior. We formulate a novel environment design framework that considers design over multiple tasks and over a time horizon. In addition, we explore the longitudinal effect of explicable behavior and the trade-off that arises between the cost of design and the cost of generating explicable behavior over an extended time horizon. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Economic and social effects

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Adaptive Routing Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Network Based on AUV 1st

Adaptive Routing Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Net...

引用

1st EAI International Conference on Artificial Intelligence for Communications and Networks, AICON 2019

作者： Ding, Yuying Li, Cheng Hao, Kun Du, Xiujuan Zhao, Lu Liu, Qi School of Computer and Information Engineering Tianjin Chengjian University Tianjin300384 China School of Computer Science and Technology Qinghai Normal University Qinghai810008 China Computation Center Tianjin Chengjian University Tianjin300384 China

ISBN: (纸本)9783030229672

Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) have the characteristics of high energy consumption, low transmission rate, and narrow bandwidth. How to extend the lifespan of UWSNs is a research hotspot of underwater routing protocols. An adaptive routing protocol (ARPA) based on autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) is proposed in this paper. In the phase of network layering, ARPA takes AUV as the sink node to dynamically layer the network. In the data transmission stage, the next hop forwarding node that meets the requirements is selected based on the horizontal and vertical mechanism. In this paper, the ARPA is verified by the network simulator NS-3. The simulation results show that compared with the existing underwater routing protocols, the ARPA not only guarantees the efficient and stable data transmission rate but also reduces the network delay and improves the energy utilization rate. © ICST Institute for computer sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications engineering 2019.

关键词： Routing protocols

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Opportunities for machine learning in scientific discovery

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Vinuesa, Ricardo Rabault, Jean Azizpour, Hossein Bauer, Stefan Brunton, Bingni W. Elofsson, Arne Jarlebring, Elias Kjellström, Hedvig Markidis, Stefano Marlevi, David Cinnella, Paola Brunton, Steven L. FLOW Engineering Mechanics KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden Stockholm Sweden IT Department Norwegian Meteorological Institute Oslo0313 Norway KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden TUM School of Computation Information and Technology Technical University Munich Munich Germany Helmholtz AI Helmholtz Center Munich Munich Germany Department of Biology University of Washington SeattleWA98195 United States Dept. of Biochemistry and Biophysics Science for Life Laboratory Stockholm University Solna171 21 Sweden Dept. Mathematics KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm100 44 Sweden Department of Computer Science KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden Dept. Molecular Medicine and Surgery Karolinska Institutet Stockholm171 77 Sweden Inst. for Medical Engineering and Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Institut Jean le Rond D’Alembert Sorbonne Université France Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Washington SeattleWA98195 United States

Technological advancements have substantially increased computational power and data availability, enabling the application of powerful machine-learning (ML) techniques across various fields. However, our ability to leverage ML methods for scientific discovery, i.e. to obtain fundamental and formalized knowledge about natural processes, is still in its infancy. In this review, we explore how the scientific community can increasingly leverage ML techniques to achieve scientific discoveries. We observe that the applicability and opportunity of ML depends strongly on the nature of the problem domain, and whether we have full (e.g., turbulence), partial (e.g., computational biochemistry), or no (e.g., neuroscience) a-priori knowledge about the governing equations and physical properties of the system. Although challenges remain, principled use of ML is opening up new avenues for fundamental scientific discoveries. Throughout these diverse fields, there is a theme that ML is enabling researchers to embrace complexity in observational data that was previously intractable to classic analysis and numerical investigations. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Deep learning

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The ideal wavelength for daylight free-space quantum key distribution

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Abasifard, Mostafa Cholsuk, Chanaprom Pousa, Roberto G. Kumar, Anand Zand, Ashkan Riel, Thomas Oi, Daniel K.L. Vogl, Tobias Abbe Center of Photonics Institute of Applied Physics Friedrich Schiller University Jena Jena07745 Germany Computational Nonlinear and Quantum Optics SUPA Department of Physics University of Strathclyde GlasgowG4 0NG United Kingdom University of Applied Sciences Wiener Neustadt Wiener Neustadt2700 Austria Walton Institute for Information and Communication Systems Science South East Technological University WaterfordX91 P20H Ireland Department of Computer Engineering School of Computation Information and Technology Technical University of Munich Munich80333 Germany

Quantum key distribution (QKD) has matured in recent years from laboratory proof-of-principle demonstrations to commercially available systems. One of the major bottlenecks is the limited communication distance in fiber networks due to the exponential signal damping. To bridge intercontinental distances, low Earth orbit satellites transmitting the quantum signals over the atmosphere can be used. These free-space links, however, can only operate during the night, as the sunlight otherwise saturates the detectors used to measure the quantum states. For applying QKD in a global quantum internet with continuous availability and high data rates, operation during daylight is required. In this work, we model a satellite-to-ground quantum channel for different quantum light sources to identify the optimal wavelength for free-space QKD in ambient conditions. Daylight quantum communication is possible within the Fraunhofer lines or in the near-infrared spectrum, where the intrinsic background from the sun is comparably low. The highest annual secret key length considering the finite key effect is achievable at the Hα Fraunhofer line. More importantly, we provide the full model that can be adapted in general to any other specific link scenario. We also propose a true single-photon source based on a color center in hexagonal boron nitride coupled to a microresonator that can implement such a scheme. Our results can also be applied in roof-to-roof scenarios and are therefore relevant for near-future quantum networks. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Particle beams

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Sure: Screening Unlabeled Samples for Reliable Negative Samples Based on Reinforcement Learning

SSRN

引用

SSRN 2022年

作者： Li, Ying Sun, Hang Fang, Wensi Ma, Qin Han, Siyu Wang-Sattler, Rui Du, Wei Yu, Qiong Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering College of Computer Science and Technology Jilin University Qianjin Street Jilin Changchun130012 China Department of Biomedical Informatics Ohio State University Lane Ave ColumbusOH43210 United States TUM School of Medicine Technical University of Munich Ismaninger Straße 22 Bavaria Munich81675 Germany Helmholtz Center Munich German Research Center for Environmental Health Ingolstadter Landstraße 1 Bavaria Neuherberg85764 Germany Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of public health Jilin University Qianjin Street Jilin Changchun130012 China

For many classification tasks, only experimentally validated positive samples are available, and experimentally validated negative samples are not recorded. The lack of negative samples poses a great challenge for using supervised machine learning. To address this problem, we propose a novel deep reinforcement learning based model to screen reliable negative samples from unlabeled samples, named SURE. SURE has two modules: sample selector and sample inspector. The sample selector screens reliable negative samples from unlabeled samples by two reinforcement strategies. The sample inspector classifies samples and provides rewards to the sample selector. In this paper, we focus on one popular issue in the field of bioinformatics: the ncRNA-protein interaction (NPI) prediction task, which lacks reliable negative samples. Thirty datasets for NPI prediction are used to test the screening effect of SURE. The Experimental results show that our model has a robust negative sample screening capability and is superior to all outstanding sample screening methods used in the NPI prediction task. In addition, we refine 5 NPI datasets containing reliable negative samples screened by SURE, and a webserver (***/sure) is available offering the NPI prediction refined by SURE. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Reinforcement learning

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Incorporating Surprisingly Popular Algorithm and Euclidean Distance-based Adaptive Topology into PSO

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Wu, Xuan Han, Jizong Wang, Di Gao, Pengyue Cui, Quanlong Chen, Liang Liang, Yanchun Huang, Han Lee, Heow Pueh Miao, Chunyan Zhou, You Wu, Chunguo Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education College of Computer Science and Technology Jilin University Changchun130012 China Joint NTU-UBC Research Centre of Excellence in Active Living for the Elderly Nanyang Technological University 639798 Singapore State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials International Center for Computational Method and Software College of Physics Jilin University Changchun130012 China Commercial Quality and Efficiency Department Baidu Inc Beijing100085 China Department of Computer Science Shantou University Shantou515063 China School of Computer Science Zhuhai College of Science and Technology Zhuhai519041 China School of Software Engineering The South China University of Technology Guangzhou510641 China Department of Mechanical Engineering National University of Singapore 117575 Singapore School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University 639798 Singapore College of Software Jilin University Changchun130012 China

While many Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithms only use fitness to assess the performance of particles, in this work, we adopt Surprisingly Popular Algorithm (SPA) as a complementary metric in addition to fitness. Consequently, particles that are not widely known also have the opportunity to be selected as the learning exemplars. In addition, we propose a Euclidean distance-based adaptive topology to cooperate with SPA, where each particle only connects to k number of particles with the shortest Euclidean distance during each iteration. We also introduce the adaptive topology into heterogeneous populations to better solve large-scale problems. Specifically, the exploration sub-population better preserves the diversity of the population while the exploitation sub-population achieves fast convergence. Therefore, large-scale problems can be solved in a collaborative manner to elevate the overall performance. To evaluate the performance of our method, we conduct extensive experiments on various optimization problems, including three benchmark suites and two real-world optimization problems. The results demonstrate that our Euclidean distance-based adaptive topology outperforms the other widely adopted topologies and further suggest that our method performs significantly better than state-of-the-art PSO variants on small, medium, and large-scale problems. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Small-world networks

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