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Ensuring safety of vehicular cyber physical systems using machine learning and MQTT

International Journal of Vehicle Information and Communication Systems 2025年第2期10卷 165-183页

作者： Bagga, Neha Kalra, Sheetal Kaur, Parminder Department of Computer Science Guru Nanak Dev University Punjab Amritsar India School of Computer Science Engineering Lovely Professional University Punjab Phagwara India Department of Computer Science and Engineering G.N.D.U. Regional Campus Punjab Jalandhar India

One of the pressing concerns for emerging nations is maintenance of roads, including identification and repair of pavement distress. Previous research has focused on pothole detection and lane identification, with the distress details being shared with drivers via database or an Android application. However, this approach is battery-intensive for sensors in smart vehicles and requires a regular internet connection. To address these issues, we have proposed a model trained using Python and TensorFlow to identify road distress and steep curves with an accuracy of 85.2% and 83.1%, respectively. The simulation uses Geocoder to capture the geographical coordinates of the distress, and the collected data is transferred to other CPS devices in cars using MQTT which outperforms databases and Android applications in terms of efficiency, sensor load, and internet connectivity. Drivers receive alerts within 10 seconds, allowing them to make informed decisions which helps prevent accidents and fatalities on the road. Copyright © 2025 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

关键词： Highway accidents

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Spatial attention-based hybrid VGG-SVM and VGG-RF frameworks for improved cotton leaf disease detection

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年第14期37卷 8309-8329页

作者： Pandiyaraju, V. Anusha, B. Senthil Kumar, A.M. Jaspin, K. Venkatraman, Shravan Kannan, A. School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Tamil Nadu Chennai India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Marian Engineering College Trivandram Kerala Trivandrum India Department of Computer Science and Engineering St. Joseph’s Institute of Technology Tamil Nadu Chennai India Department of Information Science and Technology College of Engineering Guindy Anna University Tamil Nadu Chennai India

The agriculture industry's production and food quality have been impacted by plant leaf diseases in recent years. Hence, it is vital to have a system that can automatically identify and diagnose diseases at an initial stage for enhancing the quality of agricultural output and also for stopping the overall plant extinction. Most state-of-the-art methods do not provide appropriate accuracy of identification when the similarity among different diseases is higher and the input leaf images have complex background. In this work, a transfer learning-based automated crop disease recognition system is proposed to handle this problem. The cotton leaf disease detection framework being proposed here includes two key stages: (1) the feature extraction stage, where the convolutional neural network (CNN) model from the visual geometry group (VGG-16) is employed to obtain the deep features from cotton leaf images with complex background. (2) Cotton leaf disease detection stage: Here, the extracted optimal features are input to the machine learning classifiers, namely random forest (RF) and nonlinear support vector machine (SVM), for the initial classification of the diseases. For providing an optimal cotton crop disease detection performance, Kaggle’s four-class cotton disease dataset with complex background is chosen in this work. For the final decision making and analysis, two hybrid models named spatial attention-based hybrid VGG-RF and hybrid VGG-SVM have been proposed in this work for enhancing the decision accuracy. These hybrid models offered an average accuracy of approximately 98.29% and 99.31%, respectively, which is higher than the accuracy provided by the related work. This proved that the proposed hybrid model, namely spatial attention-based VGG-SVM and VGG-RF models, with spatial attention outperformed the state-of-the-art classifiers. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Enhanced genetic algorithm for indoor low-illumination stereo matching energy function optimization

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Alexandria engineering Journal 2025年 121卷 1-17页

作者： Hongjin, Zhang Hui, Wei Laboratory of Algorithms for Cognitive Models School of Computer Science Fudan University Handan Road 220 ShangHai China College of Engineering Science and Technology Shanghai Ocean University Huchenghuan Road 999 ShangHai China

This study presents an enhanced genetic algorithm to generate high-quality, dense disparity maps in low-illumination indoor stereo matching scenarios. The algorithm utilizes a novel biomimetic mutation strategy, dynamically adjusted through common allelic theory, to effectively reduce the search space and improve optimization efficiency. A multi-objective genetic approach is employed, optimizing both data fidelity and smoothness to achieve balanced and accurate results. The Integration of biological evolution principles, including a hierarchical performance index system, ensures the algorithm balances local and global features during optimization. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm consistently converges within 10 iterations, reducing average disparity errors by 33.7% compared to state-of-the-art methods and by 20% compared to a control group. Additionally, the algorithm achieves a lower computational complexity of O(H), offering significant improvements in resource efficiency compared to standard algorithms. These findings validate the algorithm's reliability, advancement, and effectiveness for stereo matching under challenging conditions. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Optimization algorithms

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Rumor detection using dual embeddings and text-based graph convolutional network

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Discover Artificial Intelligence 2024年第1期4卷 1-15页

作者： Pattanaik, Barsha Mandal, Sourav Tripathy, Rudra M. Sekh, Arif Ahmed School of Computer Science and Engineering XIM University Odisha Bhubaneswar752050 India Department of Computer Science UiT The Arctic University Tromsø9017 Norway

Social media platforms like Twitter and Facebook have gradually become vital for communication and information exchange. However, this often leads to the spread of unreliable or false information, such as harmful rumors. Currently, graph convolutional networks (GCNs), particularly TextGCN, have shown promise in text classification tasks, including rumor detection. Their success is due to their ability to identify structural patterns in rumors and effectively use neighborhood information. We present a novel rumor detection model using TextGCN, which utilizes a word-document graph to represent rumor texts. This model uses dual embedding from two pre-trained transformer models: generative pre-trained transformers (GPT) and bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT). These embeddings serve as node representations within the graph, enhancing rumor detection. Combining these deep neural networks effectively extracts significant contextual features from rumors. This graph undergoes convolution, and through graph-based learning, the model detects a rumor. We evaluated our model using publicly available rumor datasets, such as PHEME, Twitter15, and Twitter16. It achieved 88.64% accuracy on the PHEME dataset, surpassing similar models, and performed well on Twitter15 and Twitter16 with accuracies of 81.98% and 83.41%, respectively. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Tweets

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Advancing PCB Quality Control:Harnessing YOLOv8 Deep Learning for Real-Time Fault Detection

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computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第10期81卷 345-367页

作者： Rehman Ullah Khan Fazal Shah Ahmad Ali Khan Hamza Tahir Faculty of Cognitive Sciences and Human Development Universiti Malaysia SarawakKota Samarahan94300Malaysia School of Computer Science and Engineering Anhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainan232001China Department Electronic Quaid-i-Azam UniversityIslamabad45320Pakistan

Printed Circuit Boards(PCBs)are materials used to connect components to one another to form a working *** play a crucial role in modern electronics by connecting various *** trend of integrating more components onto PCBs is becoming increasingly common,which presents significant challenges for quality control *** the potential impact that even minute defects can have on signal traces,the surface inspection of PCB remains pivotal in ensuring the overall system *** address the limitations associated with manual inspection,this research endeavors to automate the inspection process using the YOLOv8 deep learning algorithm for real-time fault detection in ***,we explore the effectiveness of two variants of the YOLOv8 architecture:YOLOv8 Small and YOLOv8 *** rigorous experimentation and evaluation of our dataset which was acquired from Peking University’s Human-Robot Interaction Lab,we aim to assess the suitability of these models for improving fault detection accuracy within the PCB manufacturing *** results reveal the remarkable capabilities of YOLOv8 Small models in accurately identifying and classifying PCB *** model achieved a precision of 98.7%,a recall of 99%,an accuracy of 98.6%,and an F1 score of *** findings highlight the potential of the YOLOv8 Small model to significantly improve the quality control processes in PCB manufacturing by providing a reliable and efficient solution for fault detection.

关键词： Printed circuit boards(PCB) YOLOv8 YOLOv8 Nano YOLOv8 Small deep learning object detection

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An Efficient Encryption and Compression of Sensed IoT Medical Images Using Auto-Encoder

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computer Modeling in engineering & sciences 2023年第2期134卷 909-926页

作者： Passent El-kafrawy Maie Aboghazalah Abdelmoty M.Ahmed Hanaa Torkey Ayman El-Sayed School of Information Technology and Computer Science Nile UniversityGiza12677Egypt Math and Computer Science Department Faculty of ScienceMenoufia UniversityMenoufia32511Egypt Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer ScienceKing Khalid UniversityAbha61421Saudi Arabia Computer Science and Engineering Department Faculty of Electronic EngineeringMenoufia UniversityMenouf32952Egypt

Healthcare systems nowadays depend on IoT sensors for sending data over the internet as a common *** ofmedical images is very important to secure patient *** these images consumes a lot of time onedge computing;therefore,theuse of anauto-encoder for compressionbefore encodingwill solve such a *** this paper,we use an auto-encoder to compress amedical image before encryption,and an encryption output(vector)is sent out over the *** the other hand,a decoder was used to reproduce the original image back after the vector was received and *** convolutional neural networks were conducted to evaluate our proposed approach:The first one is the auto-encoder,which is utilized to compress and encrypt the images,and the other assesses the classification accuracy of the image after decryption and *** hyperparameters of the encoder were tested,followed by the classification of the image to verify that no critical information was lost,to test the encryption and encoding *** this approach,sixteen hyperparameter permutations are utilized,but this research discusses three main cases in *** first case shows that the combination of Mean Square Logarithmic Error(MSLE),ADAgrad,two layers for the auto-encoder,and ReLU had the best auto-encoder results with a Mean Absolute Error(MAE)=0.221 after 50 epochs and 75%classification with the best result for the classification *** second case shows the reflection of auto-encoder results on the classification results which is a combination ofMean Square Error(MSE),RMSprop,three layers for the auto-encoder,and ReLU,which had the best classification accuracy of 65%,the auto-encoder gives MAE=0.31 after 50 *** third case is the worst,which is the combination of the hinge,RMSprop,three layers for the auto-encoder,and ReLU,providing accuracy of 20%and MAE=0.485.

关键词： Auto-encoder cloud image encryption IoT healthcare

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How graph convolutions amplify popularity bias for recommendation?

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Frontiers of computer science 2024年第5期18卷 121-132页

作者： Jiajia CHEN Jiancan WU Jiawei CHEN Xin XIN Yong LI Xiangnan HE School of Information Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China School of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China School of Computer Science and Technology Shandong UniversityQingdao 250100China Department of Electronic Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Graphconvolutional networks(GCNs)have become prevalent in recommender system(RS)due to their superiority in modeling collaborative *** improving the overall accuracy,GCNs unfortunately amplify popularity bias-tail items are less likely to be *** effect prevents the GCN-based RS from making precise and fair recommendations,decreasing the effectiveness of recommender systems in the long *** this paper,we investigate how graph convolutions amplify the popularity bias in *** theoretical analyses,we identify two fundamental factors:(1)with graph convolution(i.e.,neighborhood aggregation),popular items exert larger influence than tail items on neighbor users,making the users move towards popular items in the representation space;(2)after multiple times of graph convolution,popular items would affect more high-order neighbors and become more *** two points make popular items get closer to almost users and thus being recommended more *** rectify this,we propose to estimate the amplified effect of popular nodes on each node's representation,and intervene the effect after each graph ***,we adopt clustering to discover highly-influential nodes and estimate the amplification effect of each node,then remove the effect from the node embeddings at each graph convolution *** method is simple and generic-it can be used in the inference stage to correct existing models rather than training a new model from scratch,and can be applied to various GCN *** demonstrate our method on two representative GCN backbones LightGCN and UltraGCN,verifying its ability in improving the recommendations of tail items without sacrificing the performance of popular *** are open-sourced^(1)).

关键词： recommendation graph convolution networks popularity bias

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Editorial: Artificial intelligence in biomedical big data and digital healthcare

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Future Generation computer Systems 2024年 152卷 343-345页

作者： Lim, Kiho Esposito, Christian Wang, Tian Choi, Chang Department of Computer Science William Paterson University of New Jersey United States Department of Computer Science University of Salerno Italy School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering Beihang University China Department of Computer Engineering Gachon University Korea Republic of

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MFR-CNN: A modified faster R-CNN approach based on bounding box and reliable score for cloth image retrieval

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2024年 1-29页

作者： Kaur, Navneet Pandey, Shreelekha Kalra, Nidhi Department of Computer Science and Engineering Thapar Institute of Engineering & ampTechnology Punjab Patiala147004 India School of Computer Science and Engineering RV University South Karnataka Bangalore560059 India

Today, machine learning is used in a broad variety of applications. Convolution neural networks (CNN), in particular, are widely used to analyze visual data. The fashion industry is catching up to the growing usage of machine learning in a variety of fields throughout the world. The proposed model named MFR-CNN, which is a modified Faster R-CNN approach, has been presented in this manuscript. The effectiveness of an algorithm is validated on cloth attributes by established datasets such as the Deep Fashion dataset and the Fashion Landmark dataset, alongside a new dataset created for the same manually. The proposed model detects clothes using bounding boxes and further classifies them. Apart from this, retrieval functionality has also been added. The effectiveness of the proposed model is evident through the learning rate analysis done for the modules present in the same. On the metrics of accuracy, execution time, and total loss, the model proposed here is contrast with existing techniques named R-CNN, Fast R-CNN, and Faster R-CNN. It is found that MFR-CNN is 50% more accurate in contrast to R-CNN. Also, the accuracy of MFR-CNN is 30% and 7% more accurate than the Fast R-CNN and Faster R-CNN, respectively. Moreover, MFR-CNN is quite effective in contrast to other approaches as it takes less time for execution. It consumes 33 seconds less in contrast to R-CNN. Also, the time taken by the MFR-CNN is 17 seconds and 3 seconds less in comparison to Fast R-CNN and Faster R-CNN, respectively. From the experimental results it is being inferred that the MFR-CNN approach for detecting and classifying clothes is both efficient and effective. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Image retrieval

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IensNet: A novel and efficient approach for iris spoof detection via ensemble of deep models

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-30页

作者： Sharma, Deepika Selwal, Arvind School of Computer Science Engineering and Technology Bennett University Greater Noida201310 India Department of Computer Science and Information Technology Central University of Jammu Samba India

Iris biometrics allow contactless authentication, which makes it widely deployed human recognition mechanisms since the couple of years. Susceptibility of iris identification systems remains a challenging task due to diversity in spoof or presentation attacks (PAs) that fails to assure consistency while adopting them in real life scenarios. Hence, iris PAs are the growing concerns that gained significant attention in recent past decade. To alleviate these attacks or recognize presentation attack instruments (PAIs), iris presentation attacks detection (IPAD) algorithms are designed to distinguish a real and fabricated iris trait. Aiming at the efficient iris spoof detection mechanism, in this research work we expound a novel ensemble learning-enabled model (IensNet) that learns three pre-trained and fined-tuned deep models (i.e. DenseNet161, ResNet and VGGNet) for better accuracy and generalized performance. The novel IensNet approach offers several merits (i.e. consolidated strengths of multiple models, improved generalization ability, etc.) as compared to a simple transfer learning strategy where the knowledge is drawn from single pre-trained model. Finally, our approach learns a novel fully-connected dual layer classifier via outcome of three fine-tuned models to yield a final classification result as bonafide or spoof iris trait. Our approach is evaluated on Notre Dame LivDet iris 2017 and Notre Dame contact lenses 2015 anti-spoofing datasets. The experimental analysis of IensNet offers outstanding performance with a lower ACER of 0.2% and 1.4% for Iris-LivDet-2017 and Notre Dame contact lenses 2015 dataset respectively. Besides, IensNet exhibit promising results in cross-dataset environment with an ACA of 91.46%. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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