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第十七届国际工效学大会暨中国人类工效学会成立20周年庆祝大会

作者： Jyoti Kumar Design Morten Hertzum Kasper Hornbk Pradeep Yammiyavar Torkil Clemmensen Indian Institute of Technology Computer Science Roskilde University Computer Science University of Copenhagen Design Indian Institute of Technology Informatics Copenhagen Business School

Culture influences many aspects of the design and use of computer systems;understanding better this influence on their own thinking may benefit usability professionals who do cross-cultural usability *** Kelly's notion of personal constructs,we focus on one mediator of culture:how individuals interpret the world in terms of their own set of *** conducted 24 repertory-grid interviews with Chinese,Danish,and Indian usability professionals about their experience with systems they use *** results show that while fun seems important to all the usability professionals in the study,their understanding of fun systems differs across cultural ***,easy-to-use and useful systems are perceived as being similar or different depending on the usability professional's cultural *** other cross-cultural differences relate to categories of construct not included in conventional usability definitions.

关键词： Cultural Usability,Repertory-grid Technique,Usability

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Evaluating an intelligent tutoring system for making legal arguments with hypotheticals

引用

International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education 2009年第4期19卷 401-424页

作者： Pinkwart, Niels Ashley, Kevin Lynch, Collin Aleven, Vincent Department of Informatics Clausthal University of Technology Clausthal-Zellerfeld Germany Learning Research and Development Center School of Law and Intelligent Systems Program University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA United States Learning Research and Development Center Intelligent Systems Program University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA United States Human-Computer Interaction Institute School of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA United States

Argumentation is a process that occurs often in ill-defined domains and that helps deal with the illdefinedness. Typically a notion of "correctness" for an argument in an ill-defined domain is impossible to define or verify formally because the underlying concepts are open-textured and the quality of the argument may be subject to discussion or even expert disagreement. Previous research has highlighted the advantages of graphical representations for learning argumentation skills. A number of intelligent tutoring systems have been built that support students in rendering arguments graphically, as they learn argumentation skills. The relative instructional benefits of graphical argument representations have not been reliably shown, however. In this paper we present a formative evaluation of LARGO (Legal ARgument Graph Observer), a system that enables law students graphically to represent examples of legal interpretation with hypotheticals they observe while reading texts of U.S. Supreme Court oral arguments. We hypothesized that, compared to a text-based alternative, LARGO's diagramming language geared toward depicting hypothetical reasoning processes, coupled with non-directive feedback, helps students better extract the important information from argument transcripts and better learn argumentation skills. A first pilot study, conducted with volunteer first-semester law students, provided support for the hypothesis. The system especially helped lower-aptitude students learn argumentation skills, and LARGO improved the reading skills of students as they studied expert arguments. A second study with LARGO was conducted as a mandatory part of a first-semester University law course. Although there were no differences in the learning outcomes of the two conditions, the second study showed some evidence that those students who engaged more with the argument diagrams through the advice did better than the text condition. One lesson learned from these two studies is that gr

关键词： Students

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DryadLINQ for scientific analyses

DryadLINQ for scientific analyses

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5th IEEE International Conference on e-science, e-science 2009

作者： Ekanayake, Jaliya Gunarathne, Thilina Fox, Geoffrey Balkir, Atilla Soner Poulain, Christophe Araujo, Nelson Barga, Roger School of Informatics and Computing Indiana University Bloomington United States Pervasive Technology Institute Indiana University Bloomington United States Department of Computer Science University of Chicago United States Microsoft Research United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780769538778

Applying high level parallel runtimes to data/compute intensive applications is becoming increasingly common. The simplicity of the MapReduce programming model and the availability of open source MapReduce runtimes such as Hadoop, are attracting more users to the MapReduce programming model. Recently, Microsoft has released DryadLINQ for academic use, allowing users to experience a new programming model and a runtime that is capable of performing large scale data/compute intensive analyses. In this paper, we present our experience in applying DryadLINQ for a series of scientific data analysis applications, identify their mapping to the DryadLINQ programming model, and compare their performances with Hadoop implementations of the same applications. © 2009 IEEE.

关键词： MapReduce

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Code4Thought Project: Employing the ISO/IEC-9126 Standard for Software Engineering-Product Quality Assessment

Code4Thought Project: Employing the ISO/IEC-9126 Standard fo...

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(CSMR) European Conference on Software Maintenance and Reengineering

作者： Panos Antonellis Dimitris Antoniou Yiannis Kanellopoulos Christos Makris Christos Tjortjis Vangelis Theodoridis Nikos Tsirakis Department of Computer Engineering and Informatics University of Patras Greece School of Computer Science and Technology University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology UK University of Western Macedonia Greece

The aim of the Code4Thought project was to deliver a tool supported methodology that would facilitate the evaluation of a software product's quality according toISO/IEC-9126 software engineering quality standard. It was a joint collaboration between Dynacomp S.A. and the Laboratory for Graphics, Multimedia and GIS of the Department of computer Engineering and informatics of the University of Patras. The Code4thought project focused its research on extending the ISO/IEC-9126standard by employing additional metrics and developing new methods for facilitating system evaluators to define their own set of evaluation attributes. Furthermore, to develop innovative and platform-free methods for the extraction of elements and metrics from source code ***, to design and implement new data mining algorithms tailored for the analysis of software engineering data.

关键词： ISO standards Code standards Software standards Software quality Quality assessment Software engineering Data mining Algorithm design and analysis Software tools Collaboration

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Mixed-initiative in human augmented mapping

Mixed-initiative in human augmented mapping

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IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)

作者： Julia Peltason Frederic H.K. Siepmann Thorsten P. Spexard Britta Wrede Marc Hanheide Elin A. Topp Applied Informatics Group Bielefeld University Germany School of Computer Science and Communication Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden

In scenarios that require a close collaboration and knowledge transfer between inexperienced users and robots, the ldquolearning by interactingrdquo paradigm goes hand in hand with appropriate representations and learning methods. In this paper we discuss a mixed initiative strategy for robotic learning by interacting with a user in a joint map acquisition process. We propose the integration of an environment representation approach into our interactive learning framework. The environment representation and mapping system supports both user driven and data driven strategies for the acquisition of spatial information, so that a mixed initiative strategy for the learning process is realised. We evaluate our system with test runs according to the scenario of a guided tour, extending the area of operation from structured laboratory environment to less predictable domestic settings.

关键词： Humans Cognitive robotics Robots Orbital robotics Collaboration Knowledge transfer Learning systems Robotics and automation computer science informatics

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Using 802.11 MAC Retransmissions for Path Selection in Multi-Homed Transport Layer Protocols

Using 802.11 MAC Retransmissions for Path Selection in Multi...

引用

GLOBECOM 2009 - 2009 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference

作者： Sheila Fallon Paul Jacob Yuansong Qiao Austin Hanley Liam Murphy Software Research Centre Athlone Institute of Technology Ireland School of Computer Science & Informatics University College Dublin Ireland

The stream control transmission protocol (SCTP) is a transport layer protocol which can support mobility through its multi-homing feature. One of the key parameters used by SCTP to manage path selection is retransmission time out (RTO). We illustrate that SCTP's evaluation of underlying paths using end to end metrics, results in the calculation of excessive RTO for degraded wireless paths. This excessive RTO causes SCTP to behave in a counter intuitive manner which delays path switchover. Our investigation shows that the increased round trip time (RTT) is as a result of retransmissions at the 802.11 MAC. We illustrate that when a connectionless 802.2 LLC service is utilized, 802.11 independently implements positive frame acknowledgement resulting in significantly increased RTT. We propose a cross layer path selection algorithm, which recognizes increased 802.11 MAC retransmissions as an indicator of imminent path failure. Results presented indicate that our cross layer approach has excellent performance in comparison to standard SCTP strategies.

关键词： Media Access Protocol Transport protocols Delay Cross layer design Degradation Wireless networks Application software Internet telephony Jacobian matrices Counting circuits

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A recommendation method considering users' time series contexts 09

A recommendation method considering users' time series conte...

引用

3rd International Conference on Ubiquitous Information Management and Communication, ICUIMC'09

作者： Oku, Kenta Nakajima, Shinsuke Miyazaki, Jun Uemura, Shunsuke Kato, Hirokazu Graduate School of Information Science Nara Institute of Science and Technology Ikoma City Nara 630-0101 Japan Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering Kyoto Sangyo University Motoyama Kamigamo Kita-Ku Kyoto-City 603-8555 Japan Department of Informatics Faculty of Informatics Nara Sangyo University 12-1 Tatsuno-kita 3-chome Sango-cho Ikoma-gun Nara 636-8503 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781605584058

This paper proposes a recommendation method considering users' time series contexts which are situations that have occurred/will occur in the past/future. There are some recommendation methods that provide information suitable for users' action patterns as the recommendation methods considering them. These methods provide information referring to the other users that have a similar action pattern to that of an active user. However, since a user's action pattern changes depending on the user's contexts, the methods need to refer to the other users' action patterns related to the current user's contexts. In this paper, we propose a recommendation method considering the user's time series contexts considering that the user's action pattern changes depending on the user's contexts. Copyright 2009 ACM.

关键词： Time series

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On Separation Principle for a Class of Networked Control Systems

On Separation Principle for a Class of Networked Control Sys...

引用

Joint 48th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control and 28th Chinese Control Conference

作者： Dongxiao Wu Jun Wu Sheng Chen State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology Institute of Cyber-Systems and ControlZhejiang University School of Electronics and Computer Science University of Southampton

In this contribution, we investigate a class of observer-based discrete-time networked control systems(NCSs)with random packet dropouts occurring independently in both the sensor-to-controller(S/C) and controller-to-actuator(C/A)*** first propose and prove a separation principle for the general class of NCSs where packet dropouts in the C/A and S/C channels are governed by two independent Markov chains, *** then derive necessary and sufficient conditions, in terms of linear matrix inequalities, for synthesis of stabilisation control of a class of NCSs where the C/A channel is driven by a Markov chain while the S/C channel is driven by a Bernoulli process.A numerical example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of our proposed method.

关键词： NCS dropout On Separation Principle for a Class of Networked Control Systems

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On the Approximability of Dodgson and Young Elections 09

On the Approximability of Dodgson and Young Elections

引用

Annual ACM-Society for Industrial and Applied Mathmatics Symposium on Discrete Algorithms

作者： Ioannis Caragiannis Jason A. Coveyy Michal Feldmanz Christopher M. Homanx Christos Kaklamanis Nikos Karanikolask Ariel D. Procaccia Jeffrey S. Rosenscheinyy Research Academic Computer Technology Institute and Department of Computer Engineering and Informatics University of Patras Department of Computer Science Rochester Institute of Technology School of Business Administration and Center forthe Study of Rationality The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Research Academic Computer Technology Institute and Department of Computer Engineering and Informatics University of Patras Microsoft Israel R&D Center School of Computer Science and Engineering The He-brew University of Jerusalem

The voting rules proposed by Dodgson and Young are both designed to find the alternative closest to being a Condorcet winner, according to two different notions of proximity; the score of a given alternative is known to be hard to compute under either rule. In this paper, we put forward two algorithms for approximating the Dodgson score: an LP-based randomized rounding algorithm and a deterministic greedy algorithm, both of which yield an O(logm) approximation ratio, where m is the number of alternatives; we observe that this result is asymptotically optimal, and further prove that our greedy algorithm is optimal up to a factor of 2, unless problems in NP have quasi-polynomial time algorithms. Although the greedy algorithm is computationally superior, we argue that the randomized rounding algorithm has an advantage from a social choice point of view. Further, we demonstrate that computing any reasonable approximation of the ranking produced by Dodgson's rule is NP-hard. This result provides a complexity-theoretic explanation of sharp discrepancies that have been observed in the Social Choice Theory literature when comparing Dodgson elections with simpler voting rules. Finally, we show that the problem of calculating the Young score is NP-hard to approximate by any factor. This leads to an inapproximability result for the Young ranking.

关键词： greedy algorithm Nondeterministic polynomial-time hard Youth rounding Rule Vote algorithms

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Improved Shape Context algorithm for online fast recognition -an application in pedestrian detection from a moving vehicle

Improved Shape Context algorithm for online fast recognition...

引用

IEEE Symposium on Intelligent Vehicle

作者： Min Wang Jian-Qing Wang Hong Qiao Xian-Bin Cao Institute of Automation Chinese Academy and Sciences Beijing China School of Computer Science University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology Manchester UK School of Informatics University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology Manchester UK Laboratory of Complex Systems and Intelligent Science Institute of Automation Chinese Academy and Sciences Beijing China Department of Computer Science and Technology University of Science and Technology Hefei China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424435036

Shape context algorithm is a recently proposed good method for object recognition. It is robust under small geometrical distortions and occlusion, invariant under scaling, translation, and change of illumination. However, because of its computational complexity, this algorithm is not suitable for online recognition. In this paper, we proposed an improved shape context algorithm which introduces an optimal hierarchical structure and gives new reference points selection criteria. Compared with the original shape context algorithm, the improved algorithm keeps the recognition accuracy and reduces the computational cost greatly. The good experimental results reveal that, this new algorithm can be applied to the pedestrian detection system online, which is an important research topic in intelligent transportation.

关键词： Shape Vehicle detection Vehicles Change detection algorithms Intelligent transportation systems Object recognition Robustness Lighting Computational complexity Computational efficiency

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