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Ordering Results on Largest Order Statistics from Multiple-Outlier Gamma Variables

Communications in Mathematics and Statistics 2023年第2期11卷 257-282页

作者： Yiying Zhang Yanni Hu Peng Zhao School of Statistics and Data Science LPMC and KLMDASRNankai UniversityTianjin 300071People’s Republic of China SpeakIn Technologies Co. Ltd.Shanghai 200000People’s Republic of China School of Mathematics and Statistics and RIMS Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Educational Big Data Science and EngineeringJiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhou 221116People’s Republic of China

In this article,we carry out stochastic comparisons on the maximum order statistics arising from two batches of multiple-outlier gamma random variables with different shape and scale *** is proved that,under certain conditions,the majorization order between the vectors of shape parameters together with the weak majorization order[p-larger order]between the vectors of scale parameters implies the likelihood ratio order[hazard rate order]between the largest order *** results established here strengthen and generalize some known ones in the literature.

关键词： Gamma distribution Stochastic orders Largest order statistics Majorization p-Larger order

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Motion Matters: Difference-based Multi-scale Learning for Infrared UAV Detection

Motion Matters: Difference-based Multi-scale Learning for In...

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2023 IEEE/CVF Conference on computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops, CVPRW 2023

作者： He, Ruian Zhou, Shili Cheng, Ri Sun, Yuqi Tan, Weimin Yan, Bo Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Intelligent Visual Computing Fudan University School of Computer Science Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing Shanghai China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350302493

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) detection in the wild is a challenging task due to the presence of background noise and the varying size of the object. To address these obstacles, we propose a novel learning framework for robust UAV detectors, which we call Difference-based Multi-scale Learning (DML). We argue that motion information matters in UAV detection because of the low recognition in one frame. Our method utilizes the frame difference of multiple previous frames, extracting motion information and blocking background noise. We also fuse multiple spatial-temporal scales for training and inferencing, enabling fusion from different sources. In addition, to better evaluate the performance of UAV detection in different scales, we propose Multi-Scale Average Precision (MSAP) metric to aggregate the detection accuracy over multiple scales. Through extensive experiments, we demonstrate that our proposed approach improves the detection accuracy of baseline models. Notably, we achieve SOTA performance in the 3rd Anti-UAV Challenge, with 2nd place in Track 2 and 4th place in Track 1. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Antennas

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SepMLP: An All-MLP Architecture for Music Source Separation 9th

SepMLP: An All-MLP Architecture for Music Source Separation

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9th Conference on Sound and Music Technology, CSMT 2021

作者： Qian, Jiale Gao, Yongwei Wei, Weixing Zhao, Jiahao Li, Wei School of Computer Science and Technology Fudan University Shanghai200438 China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing Fudan University Shanghai200433 China

ISBN: (纸本)9789811947025

Most previous deep learning based methods use convolutional neural networks (CNNs) or Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) to model the separation process in music signals. In this paper, we propose a MLP-like encoder-decoder architecture, in which per-location features and spatial information in music signals are exclusively handled by multi-layer perceptrons (MLPs). Additionally, We introduce a novel fully-connected decoder for feature aggregation without using skip-connection. The experimental results on the benchmark dataset MUSDB18 show the proposed model achieves comparable performance to previous CNN and RNN based methods, which demonstrates that MLP serves as a promising backbone for the data-driven methods in music source separation. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Benchmarking

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MLPFormer: MLP-integrated transformer for colorectal histopathology whole slide image segmentation

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年第6期37卷 4651-4661页

作者： Wang, Yuxuan Li, Dan Li, Xuechen Guo, Yan Zuo, Yanfei Shen, Linlin Department of Computer Science Wenzhou-Kean University Wenzhou China School of Electronics and Information Engineering Wuyi University Jiangmen China Department of Histo Pathology Shanghai Histo Pathology Diagnostic Center Shanghai China College of Computer Sicence and Software Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen China National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data System Computing Technology Shenzhen University Shenzhen China

Colorectal intraepithelial neoplasia is a precancerous lesion of colorectal cancer, which is mainly diagnosed using pathological images. According to the characteristics of lesions, precancerous lesions can be classified into four different grades, i.e., background, normal, low and high level. However, due to the continuity of lesion development, tissue in different stages has high similarity. Recently, visual transformers have achieved impressive results in different visual tasks, due to their capacity of capturing long-range dependencies. However, due to computational cost, transformer cannot well extract detailed feature, which is important for lesion grading. To accurately segment pathological tissues with high similarity, in this work, we embed the multi-head MLP mixer module in the transformer network to extract cell and edge information. Furthermore, we propose a hierarchical MLP decoder to facilitate multi-scale feature fusion. The proposed transformer, namely MLPFormer, achieves remarkable results against competitive baselines on the Histo-CRC Biopsy dataset. The experimental results demonstrate that MLPFormer significantly outperforms the competitive baselines, i.e., a 3% dice improvement is achieved over the SegFormer series. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Image segmentation

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A Deep Wavelet Network for High-Resolution Microscopy Hyperspectral Image Reconstruction 17th

A Deep Wavelet Network for High-Resolution Microscopy Hyper...

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17th European Conference on computer Vision, ECCV 2022

作者： Wang, Qian Chen, Zhao School of Computer Science and Technology Donghua University Shanghai China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing East China Normal University Shanghai China

ISBN: (纸本)9783031250811

Microscopy hyperspectral imaging (MHSI) integrates conventional imaging with spectroscopy to capture images through numbers of narrow spectral bands, and has attracted much attention in histopathology image analysis. However, due to the current hardware limitation, the observed microscopy hyperspectral images (MHSIs) has much lower spatial resolution than the coupled RGB images. High-resolution MHSI (HR-MHSI) reconstruction by fusing low-resolution MHSIs (LR-MHSIs) with high-resolution (HR) RGB images can compensate for the information loss. Unfortunately, radiometrical inconsistency between the two modalities often causes spectral and spatial distortions which degrade quality of the reconstructed images. To address these issues, we propose a Deep Wavelet Network (WaveNet) based on spectral grouping and feature adaptation for HR-MHSI reconstruction. For preservation of spectral information, the band-group-wise adaptation framework exploits intrinsic spectral correlation and decompose MHSI reconstruction in separate spectral groups. In spatial domain, we design the mutual adaptation block to jointly fuse the wavelet and convolution features by wavelet-attention for high-frequency information extraction. Specifically, to effectively inject spatial details from HR-RGB to LR-MHSI, radiometry-aware alignment is conducted between the two modalities. We compare WaveNet with several state-of-the-art methods by their performance on a public pathological MHSI dataset. Experimental results demonstrate its efficacy and reliability under different settings. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Hyperspectral imaging

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Hallucination Detection: Robustly Discerning Reliable Answers in Large Language Models

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Chen, Yuyan Fu, Qiang Yuan, Yichen Wen, Zhihao Fan, Ge Liu, Dayiheng Zhang, Dongmei Li, Zhixu Xiao, Yanghua Shanghai Key Laboratory of Data Science School of Computer Science Fudan University Shanghai China Microsoft Beijing China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Data Science Shanghai China Singapore Management University Singapore Singapore Tencent Shenzhen China DAMO Academy Hangzhou China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Data Science School of Computer Science Fudan University Fudan-Aishu Cognitive Intelligence Joint Research Center Shanghai China

Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained widespread adoption in various natural language processing tasks, including question answering and dialogue systems. However, a major drawback of LLMs is the issue of hallucination, where they generate unfaithful or inconsistent content that deviates from the input source, leading to severe consequences. In this paper, we propose a robust discriminator named RelD to effectively detect hallucination in LLMs' generated answers. RelD is trained on the constructed RelQA, a bilingual question-answering dialogue dataset along with answers generated by LLMs and a comprehensive set of metrics. Our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed RelD successfully detects hallucination in the answers generated by diverse LLMs. Moreover, it performs well in distinguishing hallucination in LLMs' generated answers from both in-distribution and out-of-distribution datasets. Additionally, we also conduct a thorough analysis of the types of hallucinations that occur and present valuable insights. This research significantly contributes to the detection of reliable answers generated by LLMs and holds noteworthy implications for mitigating hallucination in the future work. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Speech processing

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Scalable Algorithms for Forest-Based Centrality on Large Graphs 25

Scalable Algorithms for Forest-Based Centrality on Large Gra...

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34th ACM Web Conference, WWW 2025

作者： Sun, Yubo Sun, Haoxin Zhang, Zhongzhi Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing School of Computer Science Fudan University Shanghai200433 China Institute of Intelligent Complex Systems Fudan University Shanghai200433 China

ISBN: (纸本)9798400712746

Centrality measures are essential for identifying important nodes and edges in networks. In this paper, we focus on two forest-based centrality measures on undirected graphs: forest node centrality (FNC) and forest edge centrality (FEC), which capture the influence of nodes and edges through their participation in spanning forests. Both centrality measures can be represented using entries of the forest matrix. To address the challenge of computing the two measures on large networks, we propose two scalable algorithms from different perspectives. The first algorithm IFGN combines two variance reduction techniques to approximate the entries of the forest matrix, applicable to both FNC and FEC. The second algorithm FECE incorporates a new physical interpretation of FEC, allowing for a better overall estimation. We provide error guarantees for both algorithms and demonstrate their efficiency and effectiveness through extensive experiments on various real-world networks. © 2025 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).

关键词： Approximation algorithms

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Teaching Large Language Models to Express Knowledge Boundary from Their Own Signals

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Chen, Lida Liang, Zujie Wang, Xintao Liang, Jiaqing Xiao, Yanghua Wei, Feng Chen, Jinglei Hao, Zhenghong Han, Bing Wang, Wei Shanghai Key Laboratory of Data Science School of Computer Science Fudan University China Mybank Ant Group China

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved great success, but their occasional content fabrication, or hallucination, limits their practical application. Hallucination arises because LLMs struggle to admit ignorance due to inadequate training on knowledge boundaries. We call it a limitation of LLMs that they can not accurately express their knowledge boundary, answering questions they know while admitting ignorance to questions they do not know. In this paper, we aim to teach LLMs to recognize and express their knowledge boundary, so they can reduce hallucinations caused by fabricating when they do not know. We propose COKE, which first probes LLMs’ knowledge boundary via internal confidence given a set of questions, and then leverages the probing results to elicit the expression of the knowledge boundary. Extensive experiments show COKE helps LLMs express knowledge boundaries, answering known questions while declining unknown ones, significantly improving in-domain and out-of-domain performance. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Computational linguistics

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BAYESDIFF: ESTIMATING PIXEL-WISE UNCERTAINTY IN DIFFUSION VIA BAYESIAN INFERENCE 12

BAYESDIFF: ESTIMATING PIXEL-WISE UNCERTAINTY IN DIFFUSION VI...

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12th International Conference on Learning Representations, ICLR 2024

作者： Kou, Siqi Gan, Lei Wang, Dequan Li, Chongxuan Deng, Zhijie Qing Yuan Research Institute SEIEE Shanghai Jiao Tong University China Gaoling School of Artificial Intelligence Renmin University of China China Beijing Key Laboratory of Big Data Management and Analysis Methods China School of Computer Science Fudan University China Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory China

Diffusion models have impressive image generation capability, but low-quality generations still exist, and their identification remains challenging due to the lack of a proper sample-wise metric. To address this, we propose BayesDiff, a pixel-wise uncertainty estimator for generations from diffusion models based on Bayesian inference. In particular, we derive a novel uncertainty iteration principle to characterize the uncertainty dynamics in diffusion, and leverage the last-layer Laplace approximation for efficient Bayesian inference. The estimated pixel-wise uncertainty can not only be aggregated into a sample-wise metric to filter out low-fidelity images but also aids in augmenting successful generations and rectifying artifacts in failed generations in text-to-image tasks. Extensive experiments demonstrate the efficacy of BayesDiff and its promise for practical applications. Our code is available at https://***/karrykkk/BayesDiff. © 2024 12th International Conference on Learning Representations, ICLR 2024. All rights reserved.

关键词： Pixels

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A Causal Graph for Learning Gender Debiased Word Embedding 9

A Causal Graph for Learning Gender Debiased Word Embedding

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9th International Conference on Big data and Information Analytics, BigDIA 2023

作者： Feng, Yanxia Rao, Yanghui Sun Yat-sen University School of Computer Science and Engineering Guangdong Key Laboratory of Big Data Analysis and Processing Guangzhou China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350330076

Word embedding learning is a powerful technique to represent words' rich semantics as low-dimensional vectors, but it may encode harmful social biases. Such biases can leave negative impacts on downstream applications that rely on word embeddings, e.g., text classification and sentiment analysis. In this work, we design a novel approach to debias word embeddings using a causal graph that separates gender and semantic information within words. Our method is theoretically interpretable and can effectively alleviate the issue of gender bias from words in real-world corpora without destructing their semantic meanings. We perform a comprehensive comparison for our proposed approach with existing state-of-the-art techniques using a range of evaluation metrics and tasks, and demonstrate that our method can not only mitigate bias mixed in word embeddings, but also improve their performance on downstream tasks. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Embeddings

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