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10th International Symposium on Dependable Software Engineering: Theories, Tools and Applications, SETTA 2024

作者： Lu, Jiayi Yuan, Shenghao Sanan, David Zhao, Yongwang School of Cyber Science and Technology and College of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang University Hangzhou China State Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Security Zhejiang University Hangzhou China InfoComm Technology Cluster Singapore Institute of Technology Singapore Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9789819606016

Binary semantics forms a critical infrastructure for proving the correctness of Just-In-Time (JIT) compilation, an advanced technique to optimize runtime execution by translating the source bytecode of a program into target machine code. This paper presents a formal model of x86-64 binary semantics in Isabelle/HOL, as the foundation to verify the eBPF x86-64 JIT correctness for the Solana blockchain. First, we formalize a significant subset of x86-64 semantics, covering all the x86-64 instructions used in the Solana JIT. Second, we develop an encoder and decoder to establish a precise bidirectional mapping between assembly and binary code. Furthermore, we demonstrate the equivalence property of the x86-64 encoder-decoder pair, significantly simplifying the correctness proof of the Solana JIT compiler verification. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Formal verification

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CPAKE: Dynamic Batch Authenticated key Exchange with Conditional Privacy 24th

CPAKE: Dynamic Batch Authenticated Key Exchange with Condit...

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24th International Conference on Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing, ICA3PP 2024

作者： Xiang, Axin Tian, Youliang Xiong, Jinbo Ying, Zuobin Peng, Changgen State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data College of Computer Science and Technology Guizhou University Guiyang550025 China Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Cryptography and Blockchain Technology Guiyang550025 China Industrial School of Joint Innovation Quanzhou Vocational and Technical University Quanzhou362268 China Faculty of Data Science City University of Macau 999078 China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819615247

Authenticated key exchange (AKE) needs to be designed for realizing point-to-multipoint secure communications in blockchain networks (BNet). However, since BNet is open, untrusted and decentralized, traditional certificateless AKE schemes are difficult to overcome two technical bottlenecks, i.e., private distribution of partial keys and accurate identification of anonymous traitors. This paper proposes a conditionally private and dynamic batch AKE scheme (CPAKE) in BNet. We first develop a privacy-preserving certificateless key generation algorithm to prevent the disclosure of nodes’ privacy during partial key distribution. Then, we design a simple anonymous traitor tracing mechanism against Byzantine adversaries to accurately identify and trace the traitor’s identity. Finally, we build a dynamic batch authentication protocol with decentralized node management to ensure the final validity of honest nodes. Moreover, performance analysis indicates that our scheme reduces the signing and batch-verifying time by approximately 193.10 ms and 10.93 ms respectively over state-of-the-art. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Differential privacy

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Hypergraph-enhanced Dual Semi-supervised Graph Classification 41

Hypergraph-enhanced Dual Semi-supervised Graph Classificatio...

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41st International Conference on Machine Learning, ICML 2024

作者： Ju, Wei Mao, Zhengyang Yi, Siyu Qin, Yifang Gu, Yiyang Xiao, Zhiping Wang, Yifan Luo, Xiao Zhang, Ming School of Computer Science National Key Laboratory for Multimedia Information Processing Peking University-Anker Embodied AI Lab Peking University China School of Statistics and Data Science Nankai University China Department of Computer Science University of California Los Angeles United States School of Information Technology & Management University of International Business and Economics China

In this paper, we study semi-supervised graph classification, which aims at accurately predicting the categories of graphs in scenarios with limited labeled graphs and abundant unlabeled graphs. Despite the promising capability of graph neural networks (GNNs), they typically require a large number of costly labeled graphs, while a wealth of unlabeled graphs fail to be effectively utilized. Moreover, GNNs are inherently limited to encoding local neighborhood information using message-passing mechanisms, thus lacking the ability to model higher-order dependencies among nodes. To tackle these challenges, we propose a Hypergraph-Enhanced DuAL framework named HEAL for semi-supervised graph classification, which captures graph semantics from the perspective of the hypergraph and the line graph, respectively. Specifically, to better explore the higher-order relationships among nodes, we design a hypergraph structure learning to adaptively learn complex node dependencies beyond pairwise relations. Meanwhile, based on the learned hypergraph, we introduce a line graph to capture the interaction between hyperedges, thereby better mining the underlying semantic structures. Finally, we develop a relational consistency learning to facilitate knowledge transfer between the two branches and provide better mutual guidance. Extensive experiments on real-world graph datasets verify the effectiveness of the proposed method against existing state-of-the-art methods. Copyright 2024 by the author(s)

关键词： Knowledge graph

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Zero Watermarking Algorithm for Medical Image Based on Resnet50-DCT

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computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第4期75卷 293-309页

作者： Mingshuai Sheng Jingbing Li Uzair Aslam Bhatti Jing Liu Mengxing Huang Yen-Wei Chen School of Information and Communication Engineering Hainan UniversityHaikou570228China State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in the South China Sea Hainan UniversityHaikou570228China School of Computer Science and Technology Hainan UniversityHaikou570228China Research Center for Healthcare Data Science Zhejiang LabHangzhou311121China Graduate School of Information Science and Engineering Ritsumeikan UniversityKyoto5258577Japan

Medical images are used as a diagnostic tool, so protecting theirconfidentiality has long been a topic of study. From this, we propose aResnet50-DCT-based zero watermarking algorithm for use with medicalimages. To begin, we use Resnet50, a pre-training network, to draw out thedeep features of medical images. Then the deep features are transformedby DCT transform and the perceptual hash function is used to generatethe feature vector. The original watermark is chaotic scrambled to get theencrypted watermark, and the watermark information is embedded into theoriginal medical image by XOR operation, and the logical key vector isobtained and saved at the same time. Similarly, the same feature extractionmethod is used to extract the deep features of the medical image to be testedand generate the feature vector. Later, the XOR operation is carried outbetween the feature vector and the logical key vector, and the encryptedwatermark is extracted and decrypted to get the restored watermark;thenormalized correlation coefficient (NC) of the original watermark and therestored watermark is calculated to determine the ownership and watermarkinformation of the medical image to be tested. After calculation, most ofthe NC values are greater than 0.50. The experimental results demonstratethe algorithm’s robustness, invisibility, and security, as well as its ability toaccurately extract watermark information. The algorithm also shows goodresistance to conventional attacks and geometric attacks.

关键词： Medical images deep residual network resnet50-DCT privacy protection robustness security

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Once Read is Enough: Domain-specific Pretraining-free Language Models with Cluster-guided Sparse Experts for Long-tail Domain Knowledge 38

Once Read is Enough: Domain-specific Pretraining-free Langua...

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38th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, NeurIPS 2024

作者： Dong, Fang Chen, Mengyi Zhou, Jixian Shi, Yubin Chen, Yixuan Dong, Mingzhi Wang, Yujiang Li, Dongsheng Yang, Xiaochen Zhu, Rui Dick, Robert Lv, Qin Yang, Fan Lu, Tun Gu, Ning Shang, Li China and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Data Science School of Computer Science Fudan University China Oxford Suzhou Centre for Advanced Research Suzhou China University of Bath United Kingdom Microsoft Research Asia Shanghai China School of Mathematics & Statistics University of Glasgow United Kingdom Bayes Business School City St George's University of London United Kingdom Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan United States Department of Computer Science University of Colorado Boulder United States School of Microelectronics Fudan University China

Language models (LMs) only pretrained on a general and massive corpus usually cannot attain satisfying performance on domain-specific downstream tasks, and hence, applying domain-specific pretraining to LMs is a common and indispensable practice. However, domain-specific pretraining can be costly and time-consuming, hindering LMs' deployment in real-world applications. In this work, we consider the incapability to memorize domain-specific knowledge embedded in the general corpus with rare occurrences and "long-tail" distributions as the leading cause for pretrained LMs' inferior downstream performance. Analysis of Neural Tangent Kernels (NTKs) reveals that those long-tail data are commonly overlooked in the model's gradient updates and, consequently, are not effectively memorized, leading to poor domain-specific downstream performance. Based on the intuition that data with similar semantic meaning are closer in the embedding space, we devise a Cluster-guided Sparse Expert (CSE) layer to actively learn long-tail domain knowledge typically neglected in previous pretrained LMs. During pretraining, a CSE layer efficiently clusters domain knowledge together and assigns long-tail knowledge to designate extra experts. CSE is also a lightweight structure that only needs to be incorporated in several deep layers. With our training strategy, we found that during pretraining, data of long-tail knowledge gradually formulate isolated, "outlier" clusters in an LM's representation spaces, especially in deeper layers. Our experimental results show that only pretraining CSE-based LMs is enough to achieve superior performance than regularly pretrained-finetuned LMs on various downstream tasks, implying the prospects of domain-specific-pretraining-free language models. © 2024 Neural information processing systems foundation. All rights reserved.

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Modeling and Risk Analysis of Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control Systems Based on Petri Nets and Distributed Edge Intelligence

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第12期12卷 19995-20006页

作者： Yu, Wangyang Cheng, Yumeng Fang, Xianwen Zhai, Xiaojun Wang, Yinglong Jing, Hongyuan Shaanxi Normal University Chang'an District Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Service Technology for Folk Song Ministry of Culture and Tourism Xi'an710119 China Shaanxi Normal University School of Computer Science Chang'an District Xi'an710119 China Anhui University of Science and Technology Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Big Data Analysis and Early Warning Technology of Coal Mine Safety Anhui232001 China University of Essex School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering Colchester United Kingdom Beijing Union University College of Robotics Beijing100101 China

Fueled by advancements in intelligent transportation systems, the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) seeks to connect smart vehicles, road infrastructure, and users into a unified network, enhancing traffic efficiency and reducing accident risks. Centralized cloud data collection raises concerns about privacy and communication overhead. To address these, Distributed Edge Intelligence (DEI) reduces transmission costs and improves privacy by implementing machine learning at the network edge. In this context, Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) systems, combined with DEI in the IoV framework, enhance transportation system intelligence through real-time data processing and decentralized decision-making. This paper proposes a modeling and analysis method for CACC systems based on Petri nets. The datasets are automatically generated using tools developed by our team, and machine learning methods are utilized to perform risk prediction analysis on the CACC model. From the perspective of Petri nets synchronization, we propose risk mitigation strategies from a design standpoint. The research results show that the proposed method significantly reduces signal accumulation and enhances synchronization in CACC systems. This improvement provides new theoretical support and technical guidance for the design and implementation of CACC systems, ultimately enhancing their safety and reliability. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Adaptive cruise control

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PII-Bench: Evaluating Query-Aware Privacy Protection Systems

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Shen, Hao Gu, Zhouhong Hong, Haokai Han, Weili Institute of Fintech Fudan University China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Data Science School of Computer Science Fudan University China Laboratory of Data Analytics and Security Fudan University China

The widespread adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) has raised significant privacy concerns regarding the exposure of personally identifiable information (PII) in user prompts. To address this challenge, we propose a query-unrelated PII masking strategy and introduce PII-Bench, the first comprehensive evaluation framework for assessing privacy protection systems. PII-Bench comprises 2,842 test samples across 55 fine-grained PII categories, featuring diverse scenarios from single-subject descriptions to complex multi-party interactions. Each sample is carefully crafted with a user query, context description, and standard answer indicating query-relevant PII. Our empirical evaluation reveals that while current models perform adequately in basic PII detection, they show significant limitations in determining PII query relevance. Even state-of-the-art LLMs struggle with this task, particularly in handling complex multi-subject scenarios, indicating substantial room for improvement in achieving intelligent PII masking. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Differential privacy

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Generating Targeted Universal Adversarial Perturbation against Automatic Speech Recognition via Phoneme Tailoring

Generating Targeted Universal Adversarial Perturbation again...

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2025 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2025

作者： Zhang, Yujun Chen, Yanqu Wang, Jiakai Hu, Jin Tao, Renshuai Liu, Xianglong State Key Laboratory of Complex & Critical Software Environment Beihang University China School of Computer Science and Engineering Beihang University China College of Computer Science Beijing University of Technology China Zhongguancun Laboratory China School of Computer and Information Technology Beijing Jiaotong University China Institute of Data Space Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368741

There is a growing concern about adversarial attacks against automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems. Although research into targeted universal adversarial examples (AEs) has progressed, current methods are constrained by inefficient exploitation of audio features, demonstrating insufficient attack ability and robustness in the physical world. To solve this problem, we propose a phoneme-tailored attack (PTA) to improve the quality of the generated AEs. Specifically, to improve attack ability, we propose a Diverse Audio Composition Enrichment method, which enhances the utilization of audio features through phoneme-level slicing and recombination. To adapt AEs to complex environments, we propose a Natural Noise Pattern Guidance method to align AEs with natural noise patterns to improve their robustness. Experiments show that our method achieves an average accuracy of more than 72.34% and 98% with and without a norm constraint, and also demonstrates excellent performance in terms of generalization across datasets and resilience to MP3 compression. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Automatic speech recognition natural noise pattern phoneme-level targeted universal adversarial examples

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An efficient memory data organization strategy for application-characteristic graph processing

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Frontiers of computer science 2022年第1期16卷 191-193页

作者： Peng FANG Fang WANG Zhan SHI Dan FENG Qianxu YI Xianghao XU Yongxuan ZHANG Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Key Laboratory of Information Storage SystemEngineering Research Center of data storage systems and TechnologyMinistry of Education of ChinaSchool of Computer Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China

1 Introduction Graph processing has received significant attention for its ability to cope with large-scale and complex unstructured data in the ***,most of the graph processing applications exhibit an irregular memor... 详细信息

关键词： application processing pattern

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On Treatment Patterns for Modeling Medical Treatment Processes in Clinical Practice Guidelines

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China Communications 2021年第11期18卷 197-209页

作者： Liqin Yang Liang Zhang School of Computer Science Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Data Science Shanghai 200438China Institute of Intelligent Electronics and Systems Shanghai 200438China Computer Teaching and Research Section Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 201203China

Clinical practice guidelines(CPGs)contain evidence-based and economically reasonable medical treatment *** medical treatment processes in healthcare information systems can assist the treatment *** this end,business process modeling technologies have been exploited to model medical treatment ***,medical treatment processes are usually flexible and *** reduce the effort in modeling,we summarize several treatment patterns(i.e.,frequent behaviors in medical treatment processes in CPGs),and represent them by three process modeling languages(i.e.,BPMN,DMN,and CMMN).Based on the summarized treatment patterns,we propose a pattern-based integrated framework for modeling medical treatment processes.A modeling platform is implemented to support the use of treatment patterns,by which the feasibility of our approach is *** empirical analysis is discussed based on the coverage rates of treatment *** from interviewed physicians in a Chinese hospital shows that executable medical treatment processes of CPGs provide a convenient way to obtain guidance,thus assisting daily work for medical workers.

关键词： clinical practice guidelines treatment patterns process modeling BPMN DMN CMMN

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