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Enterotypes in the landscape of gut microbial community composition (vol 3, pg 8, 2017)

NATURE MICROBIOLOGY 2018年第3期3卷 388-388页

作者： Costea, Paul I. Hildebrand, Falk Arumugam, Manimozhiyan Backhed, Fredrik Blaser, Martin J. Bushman, Frederic D. de Vos, Willem M. Ehrlich, S. Dusko Fraser, Claire M. Hattori, Masahira Huttenhower, Curtis Jeffery, Ian B. Knights, Dan Lewis, James D. Ley, Ruth E. Ochman, Howard O'Toole, Paul W. Quince, Christopher Relman, David A. Shanahan, Fergus Sunagawa, Shinichi Wang, Jun Weinstock, George M. Wu, Gary D. Zeller, Georg Zhao, Liping Raes, Jeroen Knight, Rob Bork, Peer European Molecular Biology Laboratory Heidelberg Germany. VIB Center for Microbiology VIB Belgium. Laboratory of Microbiology Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels Belgium. The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark. Wallenberg Laboratory Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine Institute of Medicine Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden. Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research Section for Metabolic Receptology and Enteroendocrinology Faculty of Health Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark. New York University Langone Medical Center New York NY USA. Department of Microbiology Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA. RPU Immunobiology Department of Bacteriology & Immunology University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland. Laboratory of Microbiology Wageningen University Wageningen The Netherlands. Metagenopolis Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Jouy en Josas France. King's College London Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions Dental Institute Central Office Guy's Hospital London UK. Institute for Genome Sciences at the University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA. Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Waseda University Tokyo Japan. Department of Biostatistics Harvard School of Public Health Boston MA USA. APC Microbiome Institute University College Cork Cork Ireland. Biotechnology Institute University of Minnesota Saint Paul MN USA. Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA. Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA. MPI Department of Microbiome Science Tübingen Germany. Department of Integrative Biology University of Texas Austin TX USA. Warwick Medical School University

Population stratification is a useful approach for a better understanding of complex biological problems in human health and wellbeing. The proposal that such stratification applies to the human gut microbiome, in the form of distinct community composition types termed enterotypes, has been met with both excitement and controversy. In view of accumulated data and re-analyses since the original work, we revisit the concept of enterotypes, discuss different methods of dividing up the landscape of possible microbiome configurations, and put these concepts into functional, ecological and medical contexts. As enterotypes are of use in describing the gut microbial community landscape and may become relevant in clinical practice, we aim to reconcile differing views and encourage a balanced application of the concept.

关键词： Community composition landscapes

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Small P values may not yield robust findings:an example using REST-meta-PD

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science Bulletin 2021年第21期66卷 2148-2152,M0003页

作者： Xi-Ze Jia Na Zhao Hao-Ming Dong Jia-Wei Sun Marek Barton Roxana Burciu Nicolas Carrière Antonio Cerasa Bo-Yu Chen Jun Chen Stephen Coombes Luc Defebvre Christine Delmaire Kathy Dujardin Fabrizio Esposito Guo-Guang Fan Federica Di Nardo Yi-Xuan Feng Brett W.Fling Saurabh Garg Moran Gilat Martin Gorges Shu-Leong Ho Fay BHorak Xiao Hu Xiao-Fei Hu Biao Huang Pei-Yu Huang Ze-Juan Jia Christina Jones Jan Kassubek Lenka Krajcovicova Ajay Kurani Jing Li Qing Li Ai-Ping Liu Bo Liu Hu Liu Wei-Guo Liu Renaud Lopes Yu-Ting Lou Wei Luo Tara Madhyastha Ni-Ni Mao Grainne McAlonan Martin J.McKeown Shirley Pang Andrea Quattrone Irena Rektorova Alessia Sarica Hui-Fang Shang James M.Shine Priyank Shukla Tomas Slavicek Xiao-Peng Song Gioacchino Tedeschi Alessandro Tessitore David Vaillancourt Jian Wang Jue Wang Z.Jane Wang Lu-Qing Wei Xia Wu Xiao-Jun Xu Lei Yan Jing Yang Wan-Qun Yang Nai-Lin Yao De-Long Zhang Jiu-Quan Zhang Min-Ming Zhang Yan-Ling Zhang Cai-Hong Zhou Chao-Gan Yan Xi-Nian Zuo Mark Hallett Tao Wu Yu-Feng Zang Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders the Affiliated HospitalHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou 310015China Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments Hangzhou 311121China National Basic Science Data Center Beijing 100190China State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning&McGovern Institute for Brain Research Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China School of Information and Electronics Technology Jiamusi UniversityJiamusi 154007China Neuroscience Program Central European Institute of TechnologyCEITECMasaryk UniversityBrno 62500Czech Republic Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology University of FloridaGainesville FL 32611USA Univ.Lille InsermCHU LilleU1172-LilNCog-Lille Neuroscience&CognitionLille F-59000France The Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation National Research CouncilMangone CS 87050Italy Department of Radiology The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang 110001China Department of Radiology Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese MedicineGuangzhou 510120China Department of Medicine Surgery and DentistryScuola Medica SalernitanaUniversity of SalernoFiscianoSA 132-84084Italy Department of Advanced Medical and Surgery Sciences University of Campania“Luigi Vanvitelli”Caserta 81100Italy Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital Medical College of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310020China Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology Hangzhou 310020China Department of Health and Exercise Science Colorado State UniversityFort Collins CO 80523USA Pacific Parkinson’s Research Centre University of British ColumbiaVancouver BC V6E 2M6Canada Department of Medicine(Neurology)University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1B7Canada Brain and Mind Center The University of SydneySydney NSW 2006Australia Department of Neurology Ulm UniversityUlm 89081Germany Division of Neurology Department of MedicineQueen Mary HospitalUniversity of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Department of

Thousands of resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging(RS-f MRI)articles have been published on brain *** precise localization of abnormal brain activity,a voxel-level comparison is *** of the large number of voxels in the brain,multiple comparison correction(MCC)must be performed to reduce false positive rates,and a smaller P value(usually including either liberal or stringent MCC)is widely recommended[1].

关键词：帕金森病 precise correction

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High-density implantable neural electrodes and chips for massive neural recordings

Brain‐X

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Brain‐X 2024年第2期2卷

作者： Longchun Wang Yanxing Suo Jiahao Wang Xuanqi Wang Kai Xue Jingjing An Xun Sun Qinyu Chen Xiaochen Tang Yang Zhao Bowen Ji Jingquan Liu Department of Micro/Nano Electronics Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China DCI Joint Team Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China Unmanned System Research Institute Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi China National Key Laboratory of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Technology Xi'an Shaanxi China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems for Aerospace School of Mechanical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi China Institute of Guizhou Aerospace Measuring and Testing Technology Guiyang Guizhou China Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science (LIACS) Leiden University Leiden The Netherlands Klipsch School of Electrical and Computer Engineering New Mexico State University Las Cruces New Mexico USA Yang Zhao Bowen Ji and Jingquan Liu.

High-density neural recordings with superior spatiotemporal resolution powerfully unveil cellular-scale neural communication, showing great promise in neural science, translational medicine, and clinical applications. To achieve such, many design and fabrication innovations enhanced the electrode, chip, or both for biocompatibility improvement, electrical performance upgrade, and size miniaturization, offering several thousands of recording sites. However, an enormous gap exists along the trajectory toward billions of recording sites for brain scale resolution, posing many more design challenges. This review tries to find possible insight into mitigating the gap by discussing the latest progress in high-density electrodes and chips for neural recordings. It emphasizes the design, fabrication, bonding techniques, and in vivo performance optimization of high-density electrodes. It discusses the promising opportunities for circuit-level and architecture-level multi-channel chip design innovations. We expect that joint effort and close collaboration between high-density electrodes and chips will pave the way to high-resolution neural recording tools supporting cutting-edge neuroscience discoveries and applications.

关键词： brain-computer interface massive neural recording high density implantable electrodes implantable chips

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A computational approach to measure the linguistic characteristics of psychotherapy timing, responsiveness, and consistency

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Npj mental health research 2022年第1期1卷 19页

作者： Adam S Miner Scott L Fleming Albert Haque Jason A Fries Tim Althoff Denise E Wilfley W Stewart Agras Arnold Milstein Jeff Hancock Steven M Asch Shannon Wiltsey Stirman Bruce A Arnow Nigam H Shah Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Stanford University Stanford CA USA. aminer@stanford.edu. Center for Biomedical Informatics Research Stanford University Stanford CA USA. aminer@stanford.edu. Department of Biomedical Data Science Stanford University Stanford CA USA. Department of Computer Science Stanford University Stanford CA USA. Center for Biomedical Informatics Research Stanford University Stanford CA USA. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering University of Washington Seattle WA USA. Departments of Psychiatry Medicine Pediatrics and Psychological & Brain Sciences Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MO USA. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Stanford University Stanford CA USA. Clinical Excellence Research Center Stanford University Stanford CA USA. Department of Communication Stanford University Stanford CA USA. VA Palo Alto Health Care System Palo Alto CA USA. Division of Primary Care and Population Health Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA. National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorders Dissemination and Training Division VA Palo Alto Healthcare System Menlo Park CA USA. Technology and Digital Solutions Stanford Healthcare Stanford CA USA.

Although individual psychotherapy is generally effective for a range of mental health conditions, little is known about the moment-to-moment language use of effective therapists. Increased access to computational power, coupled with a rise in computer-mediated communication (telehealth), makes feasible the large-scale analyses of language use during psychotherapy. Transparent methodological approaches are lacking, however. Here we present novel methods to increase the efficiency of efforts to examine language use in psychotherapy. We evaluate three important aspects of therapist language use - timing, responsiveness, and consistency - across five clinically relevant language domains: pronouns, time orientation, emotional polarity, therapist tactics, and paralinguistic style. We find therapist language is dynamic within sessions, responds to patient language, and relates to patient symptom diagnosis but not symptom severity. Our results demonstrate that analyzing therapist language at scale is feasible and may help answer longstanding questions about specific behaviors of effective therapists.

关键词： Translational research Human behaviour

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MASTER ORDNANCE REPAIR APPLIED - STANDARD ITEM 009-67

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1986年第3期98卷 35-42页

作者： STIMSON, WA MARSH, MT UTTICH, RM William A. Stimsonreceived his B.S. degree in mathematics from the University of Texas at El Paso in 1964 and his M.S. degree in engineering from the University of Santa Clara in 1971. He served in the U.S. Army Artillery during the Korean Conflict and subsequently was employed at IBM Huntsville Alabama until 1968 where he worked in the design of automatic control systems of the Saturn vehicle. From 1968 until 1971 he was employed at Ames Research Center Moffett Field in the design of nonlinear control systems for sounding rockets and pencil-shaped spacecraft. Following this Mr. Stimson worked at Hewlett Packard Sunnyvale California as a test engineer in automatic test systems. Since 1973 Mr. Stimson has been employed at the Naval Ship Weapon Systems Engineering Station Port Hueneme. He was a ship qualification trials project supervisor for many years and is now serving as master ordnance repair deputy program manager. Mr. Stimson is a member of the American Society of Naval Engineers and is program chairman of the Channel Islands Section. Cdr. Michael T. Marsh USNreceived a B.S. in mathematics from the University of Nebraska and was commissioned via the NESEP program in 1970. He holds an M.S. in computer science from the U.S. Navy Postgraduate School and an MBA from the State University of New York. Cdr. Marsh has served in the weapons department of USSFrancis Hammond (FF-1067) and of USSJohn S. McCain (DDG-36). He was weapons officer aboard USSSampson (DDG-10). As an engineering duty officer Cdr. Marsh was the technical design officer for PMS-399 at the FFG-7 Class Combat System Test Center from 1978 to 1982. He is presently combat system officer at SupShip Jacksonville and has been active in the MOR program since its inception. Cdr. Marsh is also the vice chairman of the Jacksonville Section of ASNE. LCdr. Richard M. Uttich USNholds B.S. and M.S. degrees in mechanical engineering from Stanford University. He enlisted in the Navy in 1965 serving as an electronics technician aboard USSNereus (A

The 600-ship United States Navy offers private shipyards an unprecedented opportunity for overhaul of surface combatants with complex combat systems. Recognizing the new challenge associated with the overhaul of high technology combat systems in the private sector, the Navy in 1983 established the master ordnance repair (MOR) program. This program, a joint effort of the Naval Sea systems Command (NAVSEA) and the Shipbuilders Council of America (SCA), was designed to identify and qualify those companies and private shipyards technically capable of managing combat systems work and conducting combat system testing. Standard Item 009–67 describes the role of the MOR company in combat system overhaul. It defines terms that are important to understanding the item itself, and imposes upon the prime contractor an obligation to utilize the MOR subcontractor in a managerial capacity. Specific tasks are assigned to the MOR company in planning, production, and testing. Finally, this standard item describes to the Navy planner how to estimate the size of the MOR team appropriate to the work package, a feature that will ensure that combat system bids are tailored to a specific availability.

关键词： WARSHIPS

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NECESSARY AND SUFFICIENT CONDITIONS FOR DEADLOCKS IN FLEXIBLE MANUFACTURING systemS BASED ON A DIGRAPH MODEL

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Asian Journal of Control 2008年第2期6卷

作者： Wenle Zhang Robert P. Judd Paul Deering School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Ohio University Athens OH 45701. Dr. Judd has over twenty years of experience as an educator researcher and consultant in system simulation discrete event controls and systems integration. Dr. Judd has received over thirty research grants totaling over $3500000. His funding has come from both industrial and governmental sources. He is the author or co-author of over a hundred published papers in journals and conferences. He also wrote a book chapter devoted to integrating manufacturing design tools and edited a special issue of the International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing dedicated to intelligent manufacturing systems. Dr. Judd holds a patent on simulation software integration. Russ College of Engineering and Technology Ohio University Athens OH 45701.

As typical discrete event systems, flexible manufacturing systems have been extensively studied in such aspects as modeling, control and performance analysis. One important topic in the study of such systems is the deadlock detection, prevention and avoidance. In the past decade, two major modeling formalisms, i.e., Petri nets and digraphs, have been adopted for developing deadlock control policies for flexible manufacturing systems. In this paper, the concepts of slack, knot, order and effective free space of circuits in the digraph are established and used to concisely and precisely quantify the sufficient conditions for a system state to be live. Necessary conditions for this liveness is quantified for a special class of system states - called evaluation states. The significance of the result is that the conditions are true for avoiding both primary deadlocks and impending deadlocks that are arbitrary steps away from a primary one, whereas only second level deadlocks have been studied in the literature. Examples are provided to illustrate the method.

关键词： Flexible manufacturing systems deadlock avoidance deadlock prevention petri net digraph

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Correction: Improving Pelvic Floor Muscle Training Adherence Among Pregnant Women: Validation Study

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JMIR human factors 2022年第2期9卷 e38175页

作者： Aida Jaffar Sherina Mohd-Sidik Chai Nien Foo Novia Admodisastro Sobihatun Nur Abdul Salam Noor Diana Ismail Department of Psychiatry Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Universiti Putra Malaysia Selangor Malaysia. Primary Care Unit Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia Wilayah Persekutuan Malaysia. Department of Population Medicine Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman Selangor Malaysia. Software Engineering & Information System Department Faculty of Computer Science & Information Technology Universiti Putra Malaysia Selangor Malaysia. School of Multimedia Technology and Communication College of Arts and Sciences Universiti Utara Malaysia Kedah Malaysia. Klinik Kesihatan Bt 9 Cheras Ministry of Health Selangor Malaysia.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2196/30989.].

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FAIR Data Pipeline: provenance-driven data management for traceable scientific workflows

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Mitchell, Sonia Natalie Lahiff, Andrew Cummings, Nathan Hollocombe, Jonathan Boskamp, Bram Field, Ryan Reddyhoff, Dennis Zarebski, Kristian Wilson, Antony Viola, Bruno Burke, Martin Archibald, Blair Bessell, Paul Blackwell, Richard Boden, Lisa A. Brett, Alys Brett, Sam Dundas, Ruth Enright, Jessica Gonzalez-Beltran, Alejandra N. Harris, Claire Hinder, Ian Hughes, Christopher David Knight, Martin Mano, Vino McMonagle, Ciaran Mellor, Dominic Mohr, Sibylle Marion, Glenn Matthews, Louise McKendrick, Iain J. Pooley, Christopher Mark Porphyre, Thibaud Reeves, Aaron Townsend, Edward Turner, Robert Walton, Jeremy Reeve, Richard Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow GlasgowG12 8QQ United Kingdom Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem Health University of Glasgow Glasgow United Kingdom United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority Didcot OX14 3DB United Kingdom James Clerk Maxwell Building Peter Guthrie Tait Road The King’s Buildings EdinburghEH9 3FD United Kingdom MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit Institute of Health and Wellbeing College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow GlasgowG12 8QQ United Kingdom Department of Computer Science University of Sheffield Regent Court SheffieldS1 4DP United Kingdom Science and Technology Facilities Council Harwell Campus United Kingdom School of Computing Science College of Science and Engineering University of Glasgow GlasgowG12 8QQ United Kingdom Roslin Institute University of Edinburgh Edinburgh United Kingdom Man Group plc Riverbank House 2 Swan Lane LondonEC4R 3AD United Kingdom The University of Manchester Research IT ManchesterM1 3BU United Kingdom School of Veterinary Medicine College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow GlasgowG61 1QH United Kingdom VetAgro Sup UMR5558 Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon Marcy-l’Etoile 69280 France Peter Wilson Building The King’s Buildings West Mains Road EdinburghEH9 3JG United Kingdom UK Earth System Model Core Group Met Office ExeterEX1 3PB United Kingdom

Modern epidemiological analyses to understand and combat the spread of disease depend critically on access to, and use of, data. Rapidly evolving data, such as data streams changing during a disease outbreak, are particularly challenging. Data management is further complicated by data being imprecisely identified when used. Public trust in policy decisions resulting from such analyses is easily damaged and is often low, with cynicism arising where claims of "following the science" are made without accompanying evidence. Tracing the provenance of such decisions back through open software to primary data would clarify this evidence, enhancing the transparency of the decision-making process. Here, we demonstrate a Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable (FAIR) data pipeline. Although developed during the COVID-19 pandemic, it allows easy annotation of any data as they are consumed by analyses, or conversely traces the provenance of scientific outputs back through the analytical or modelling source code to primary data. Such a tool provides a mechanism for the public, and fellow scientists, to better assess scientific evidence by inspecting its provenance, while allowing scientists to support policy-makers in openly justifying their decisions. We believe that such tools should be promoted for use across all areas of policy-facing research. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Information management

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Three-dimensional Atmospheric Dynamics of Jupiter from Ground-based Doppler Imaging Spectroscopy in the Visible

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Schmider, Francois-Xavier Gaulme, Patrick Morales-Juberías, Raúl Jackiewicz, Jason Gonçalves, Ivan Guillot, Tristan Simon, Amy A. Wong, Michael H. Underwood, Thomas Voelz, David Sanchez, Cristo DeColibus, Riley Kovac, Sarah A. Sellers, Sean Gilliam, Doug Boumier, Patrick Appourchaux, Thierry Dejonghe, Julien Rivet, Jean Pierre Markham, Steve Howard, Saburo Abe, Lyu Mekarnia, Djamel Ikoma, Masahiro Ama, Hidekazu Hana Sato, Bunei Kunitomo, Masanobu Izumiura, Hideyuki Université Côte d’Azur Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur Laboratoire Lagrange UMR7293 CNRS Nice06304 France Thüringer Landessternwarte Sternwarte 5 Tautenburg07778 Germany Department of Astronomy New Mexico State University P.O. Box 30001 MSC 4500 Las CrucesNM88003-8001 United States New Mexico Tech Department of Physics 801 Leroy Place SocorroNM87801 United States Université Paul Sabatier Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées Toulouse France Université Côte d’Azur Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur Lagrange Nice France NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Solar System Exploration Division 8800 Greenbelt Road GreenbeltMD20771 United States University of California Center for Integrative Planetary Science 501 Campbell Hall BerkeleyCA94720-3411 United States Klipsch School of Electrical and Computer Engineering New Mexico State University MSC 3-O Goddard Annex 160B Las CrucesNM88003 United States Southwest Research Institute 1050 Walnut Street Suite 300 BoulderCO80302 United States Sunspot Solar Observatory P.O. Box 62 SunspotNM88349 United States Université Paris-Saclay Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale UMR 8617 CNRS Bâtiment 121 Orsay91405 Cedex France Institute for Computational Science University of Zurich Winterthurerstr. 190 ZurichCH8057 Switzerland Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences School of Science Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama Meguro-ku Tokyo152-8551 Japan Department of Physics Kurume University 67 Asahimachi Fukuoka Kurume830-0011 Japan NAOJ Okayama Observatory Okayama Japan

We present three-dimensional (3D) maps of Jupiter’s atmospheric circulation at cloud-top level from Doppler-imaging data obtained in the visible domain with JIVE, the second node of the JOVIAL network, which is mounted on the Dunn Solar Telescope at Sunspot, New Mexico. We report on 12 nights of observations between 2018 May 4 and May 30, representing a total of about 80 hr. First, the average zonal wind profile derived from our data is compatible with that derived from cloud-tracking measurements performed on Hubble Space Telescope images obtained in 2018 April from the Outer Planet Atmospheres Legacy program. Second, we present the first ever 2D maps of Jupiter’s atmospheric circulation from Doppler measurements. The zonal velocity map highlights well-known atmospheric features, such as the equatorial hot spots and the Great Red Spot (GRS). In addition to zonal winds, we derive meridional and vertical velocity fields from the Doppler data. The motions attributed to vertical flows are mainly located at the boundary between the equatorial belts and tropical zones, which could indicate active motion in theses regions. Qualitatively, these results compare well to recent Juno data that have unveiled the 3D structure of Jupiter’s wind field. To the contrary, the motions attributed to meridional circulation are very different from what is obtained by cloud tracking, except at the GRS. Because of limitations with data resolution and processing techniques, we acknowledge that our measurements of the vertical or meridional flows of Jupiter are still to be confirmed. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Data handling

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Mapping geographical inequalities in childhood diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000-17: analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (vol 395, pg 1779, 2020)

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LANCET 2020年第10239期395卷 1762-1762页

作者： Reiner, R. C., Jr. Hay, S., I Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Global Health School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States College of Health and Medical Sciences Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia School of Nursing and Midwifery Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia School of Pharmacy Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia School of Public Health Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Cancer Biology Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Cancer Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Economics and Management Sciences for Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Environmental Health Engineering Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Health Management and Economics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Microbiology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Pharmacology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Digestive Diseases Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Iran National Institute of Health Research Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Metabolomics and

Summary Background Across low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), one in ten deaths in children younger than 5 years is attributable to diarrhoea. The substantial between-country variation in both diarrhoea incidence and mortality is attributable to interventions that protect children, prevent infection, and treat disease. Identifying subnational regions with the highest burden and mapping associated risk factors can aid in reducing preventable childhood *** We used Bayesian model-based geostatistics and a geolocated dataset comprising 15 072 746 children younger than 5 years from 466 surveys in 94 LMICs, in combination with findings of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017, to estimate posterior distributions of diarrhoea prevalence, incidence, and mortality from 2000 to 2017. From these data, we estimated the burden of diarrhoea at varying subnational levels (termed units) by spatially aggregating draws, and we investigated the drivers of subnational patterns by creating aggregated risk factor *** The greatest declines in diarrhoeal mortality were seen in south and southeast Asia and South America, where 54·0% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 38·1-65·8), 17·4% (7·7-28·4), and 59·5% (34·2-86·9) of units, respectively, recorded decreases in deaths from diarrhoea greater than 10%. Although children in much of Africa remain at high risk of death due to diarrhoea, regions with the most deaths were outside Africa, with the highest mortality units located in Pakistan. Indonesia showed the greatest within-country geographical inequality; some regions had mortality rates nearly four times the average country rate. Reductions in mortality were correlated to improvements in water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) or reductions in child growth failure (CGF). Similarly, most high-risk areas had poor WASH, high CGF, or low oral rehydration therapy *** By co-analysing geospatial trends in d

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