The complexity and diversity of bug fixes require developers to understand bug fixes from multiple perspectives in addition to fine-grained code changes. The dependencies among files in a software system are an import...
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The complexity and diversity of bug fixes require developers to understand bug fixes from multiple perspectives in addition to fine-grained code changes. The dependencies among files in a software system are an important dimension to inform software quality. Recent studies have revealed that most bug-prone files are always architecturally connected with dependencies, and as one of the best practices in the industry,changes in dependencies should be avoided or carefully made during bug fixing. Hence, in this paper, we take the first attempt to understand bug fixes from the dependencies perspective, which can complement existing code change perspectives. Based on this new perspective, we conducted a systematic and comprehensive study on bug fixes collected from 157 Apache open source projects, involving 140456 bug reports and182621 bug fixes in total. Our study results show that a relatively high proportion of bug fixes(30%) introduce dependency-level changes when fixing the corresponding 33% bugs. The bugs, whose fixes introduce dependency-level changes, have a strong correlation with high priority, large fixing churn, long fixing time,frequent bug reopening, and bug inducing. More importantly, patched files with dependency-level changes in their fixes, consume much more maintenance costs compared with those without these changes. We further summarized three representative patch patterns to explain the reasons for the increasing costs. Our study unveils useful findings based on qualitative and quantitative analysis and also provides new insights that might benefit existing bug prediction techniques. We release a large set of benchmarks and also implement a prototype tool to automatically detect dependency-level changes from bug fixes, which can warn developers and remind them to design a better fix.
Achieving semantic interoperability in healthcare is one of the significant challenges in the rapidly expanding healthcare sector. On the other hand, IoT in healthcare can provide patient-centric treatment mechanisms ...
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Cloud Computing (CC) offers a diverse range of services along with huge data storage across a network. CC has collaborated with varied emerging technologies like IoT because of its numerous advantages. Despite CC'...
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Diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by the inability of the pancreas to produce enough insulin or the body’s inability to use insulin efficiently. This disease is becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide and...
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Delineation of retinal vessels in fundus images is essential for detecting a range of eye disorders. An automated technique for vessel segmentation can assist clinicians and enhance the efficiency of the diagnostic pr...
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Fiber materials are key materials that have changed human history and promoted the progress of human civilization. In ancient times, humans used feathers and animal skins for clothing, and later they widely employed n...
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Fiber materials are key materials that have changed human history and promoted the progress of human civilization. In ancient times, humans used feathers and animal skins for clothing, and later they widely employed natural fibers such as cotton, hemp, silk and wool to make fabrics(Fig. 1a). Chinese ancestors had mastered the art of natural fiber weaving as early as the Neolithic *** thousand years ago, people were already familiar with and adept at techniques for spinning natural fibers [1].
The Equilibrium Optimiser(EO)has been demonstrated to be one of the metaheuristic algorithms that can effectively solve global optimisation *** the paradox between exploration and exploitation operations while enhanci...
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The Equilibrium Optimiser(EO)has been demonstrated to be one of the metaheuristic algorithms that can effectively solve global optimisation *** the paradox between exploration and exploitation operations while enhancing the ability to jump out of the local optimum are two key points to be addressed in EO *** alleviate these limitations,an EO variant named adaptive elite-guided Equilibrium Optimiser(AEEO)is ***,the adaptive elite-guided search mechanism enhances the balance between exploration and *** modified mutualism phase reinforces the information interaction among particles and local optima *** cooperation of these two mechanisms boosts the overall performance of the basic *** AEEO is subjected to competitive experiments with state-of-the-art algorithms and modified algorithms on 23 classical benchmark functions and IEE CEC 2017 function test *** results demonstrate that AEEO outperforms several well-performing EO variants,DE variants,PSO variants,SSA variants,and GWO variants in terms of convergence speed and *** addition,the AEEO algorithm is used for the edge server(ES)placement problem in mobile edge computing(MEC)*** experimental results show that the author’s approach outperforms the representative approaches compared in terms of access latency and deployment cost.
It is a challenging task to teach machines to paint like human artists in a stroke-by-stroke *** advances in stroke-based image rendering and deep learning-based image rendering,existing painting methods have limitati...
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It is a challenging task to teach machines to paint like human artists in a stroke-by-stroke *** advances in stroke-based image rendering and deep learning-based image rendering,existing painting methods have limitations:they(i)lack flexibility to choose different art-style strokes,(ii)lose content details of images,and(iii)generate few artistic styles for *** this paper,we propose a stroke-style generative adversarial network,called Stroke-GAN,to solve the first two ***-GAN learns styles of strokes from different stroke-style datasets,so can produce diverse stroke *** design three players in Stroke-GAN to generate pure-color strokes close to human artists’strokes,thereby improving the quality of painted *** overcome the third limitation,we have devised a neural network named Stroke-GAN Painter,based on Stroke-GAN;it can generate different artistic styles of *** demonstrate that our artful painter can generate various styles of paintings while well-preserving content details(such as details of human faces and building textures)and retaining high fidelity to the input images.
The increasing instances of animals encroaching on human settlements, as well as the illicit trafficking of wildlife, have prompted immediate actions to protect the natural heritage. In addition to this, the difficult...
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Federated Learning (FL) enables decentralized learning while preserving data privacy. However, ensuring security and optimizing resource utilization in FL remains challenging, particularly in untrusted environments. T...
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