A novel synthesis method for wideband bandpass filter (BPF) with two in-band conjugate complex transmission zeros is proposed for realizing frequency- and attenuation-reconfigurable in-band notch. A new characteristic...
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Metaverse is a virtual environment where users are represented by their avatars to navigate a virtual world having strong links with its physical *** state-of-the-art Metaverse architectures rely on a cloud-based appr...
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Metaverse is a virtual environment where users are represented by their avatars to navigate a virtual world having strong links with its physical *** state-of-the-art Metaverse architectures rely on a cloud-based approach for avatar physics emulation and graphics rendering *** current centralized architecture of such systems is unfavorable as it suffers from several drawbacks caused by the long latency of cloud access,such as low-quality *** this end,we propose a Fog-Edge hybrid computing architecture for Metaverse applications that leverage an edge-enabled distributed computing *** applications leverage edge devices’computing power to perform the required computations for heavy tasks,such as collision detection in the virtual universe and high-computational 3D physics in virtual *** computational costs of a Metaverse entity,such as collision detection or physics emulation,are performed at the device of the associated physical *** validate the effectiveness of the proposed architecture,we simulate a distributed social Metaverse *** simulation results show that the proposed architecture can reduce the latency by 50%when compared with cloud-based Metaverse applications.
One of the important components of the food industry is the availability of fresh food. The long supply chain for fresh food, from farmers to consumers or processed food companies, has an impact on the high risk of da...
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An intelligent reflecting surface(IRS),or its various equivalents such as an reconfigurable intelligent surface(RIS), is an emerging technology to control radio signal propagation in wireless systems. An IRS is a digi...
An intelligent reflecting surface(IRS),or its various equivalents such as an reconfigurable intelligent surface(RIS), is an emerging technology to control radio signal propagation in wireless systems. An IRS is a digitally controlled metasurface consisting of a large number of passive reflecting elements, which are connected to a smart controller to enable dynamic adjustments of the amplitude and/or phase of the incident signal on each element independently [1].
DolphinAttacks (i.e., inaudible voice commands) modulate audible voices over ultrasounds to inject malicious commands silently into voice assistants and manipulate controlled systems (e.g., doors or smart speakers). E...
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DolphinAttacks (i.e., inaudible voice commands) modulate audible voices over ultrasounds to inject malicious commands silently into voice assistants and manipulate controlled systems (e.g., doors or smart speakers). Eliminating DolphinAttacks is challenging if ever possible since it requires to modify the microphone hardware. In this paper, we design EarArray, a lightweight method that can not only detect such attacks but also identify the direction of attackers without requiring any extra hardware or hardware modification. Essentially, inaudible voice commands are modulated on ultrasounds that inherently attenuate faster than the one of audible sounds. By inspecting the command sound signals via the built-in multiple microphones on smart devices, EarArray is able to estimate the attenuation rate and thus detect the attacks. We propose a model of the propagation of audible sounds and ultrasounds from the sound source to a voice assistant, e.g., a smart speaker, and illustrate the underlying principle and its feasibility. We implemented EarArray using two specially-designed microphone arrays and our experiments show that EarArray can detect inaudible voice commands with an accuracy of above 99% and recognize the direction of the attackers with an accuracy of 97.89% and can also detect the laser-based attack with an accuracy of 100%. IEEE
Internet of Things(IoT)is becoming popular nowadays for collecting and sharing the data from the nodes and among the nodes using internet ***,some of the nodes in IoT are mobile and dynamic in *** maintaining the link...
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Internet of Things(IoT)is becoming popular nowadays for collecting and sharing the data from the nodes and among the nodes using internet ***,some of the nodes in IoT are mobile and dynamic in *** maintaining the link among the nodes,efficient bandwidth of the links among the mobile nodes with increased life time is a big challenge in IoT as it integrates mobile nodes with static nodes for data *** such networks,many routing-problems arise due to difficulties in energy and bandwidth based quality of *** to the mobility and finite nature of the nodes,transmission links between intermediary nodes may fail frequently,thus affecting the routing-performance of the network and the accessibility of the *** existing protocols do not focus on the transmission links and energy,bandwidth and link stability of the nodes,but node links are significant factors for enhancing the quality of the *** stability helps us to define whether the node is within or out of a coverage *** paper proposed an Optimal Energy and bandwidth based Link Stability Routing(OEBLS)algorithm,to improve the link stable route with minimized error rate and *** this paper,the optimal route from the source to the sink is determined based on the energy and bandwidth,link stability *** the existing routes,the sink node will choose the optimal route which is having less link stability *** stable link is determined by evaluating link stability value using distance and ***-energy of the node is estimated using the current energy and the consumed *** energy is estimated using transmitted power and the received *** bandwidth in the link is estimated using the idle time and channel capacity with the consideration of probability of collision.
Machine learning(ML)and nanotechnology interfacing are exploring opportunities for cancer treatment *** improve cancer therapy,this article investigates the synergistic combination of Graphene Oxide(GO)‐based devices...
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Machine learning(ML)and nanotechnology interfacing are exploring opportunities for cancer treatment *** improve cancer therapy,this article investigates the synergistic combination of Graphene Oxide(GO)‐based devices with ML *** production techniques and functionalization tactics used to modify the physicochemical characteristics of GO for specific drug delivery are explained at the outset of the *** is a great option for treating cancer because of its natural biocompatibility and capacity to absorb medicinal ***,complicated biological data are analyzed using ML algorithms,which make it possible to identify the best medicine formulations and individualized treatment plans depending on each patient's particular *** study also looks at optimizing and predicting the interactions between GO carriers and cancer cells using *** modeling helps ensure effective payload release and therapeutic efficacy in the design of customized drug delivery ***,tracking treatment outcomes in real time is made possible by ML algorithms,which permit adaptive modifications to therapy *** optimizing medication doses and delivery settings,the combination of ML and GO in cancer therapy not only decreases adverse effects but also enhances treatment accuracy.
This article proposes an analog neuromorphic system that enhances symmetry, linearity, and endurance by using a high-precision current readout circuit for multi-bit nonvolatile electro-chemical random-access memory (E...
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AI applications have become ubiquitous,bringing significant convenience to various *** e-commerce,AI can enhance product recommendations for individuals and provide businesses with more accurate predictions for market...
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AI applications have become ubiquitous,bringing significant convenience to various *** e-commerce,AI can enhance product recommendations for individuals and provide businesses with more accurate predictions for market strategy ***,if the data used for AI applications is damaged or lost,it will inevitably affect the effectiveness of these AI ***,it is essential to verify the integrity of e-commerce *** existing Provable Data Possession(PDP)protocols can verify the integrity of cloud data,they are not suitable for e-commerce scenarios due to the limited computational capabilities of edge servers,which cannot handle the high computational overhead of generating homomorphic verification tags in *** address this issue,we propose PDP with Outsourced Tag Generation for AI-driven e-commerce,which outsources the computation of homomorphic verification tags to cloud servers while introducing a lightweight verification method to ensure that the tags match the uploaded ***,the proposed scheme supports dynamic operations such as adding,deleting,and modifying data,enhancing its ***,experiments show that the additional computational overhead introduced by outsourcing homomorphic verification tags is acceptable compared to the original PDP.
Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of visual impairment worldwide. If diagnosed too late, the disease can irreversibly cause severe damage to the optic nerve, resulting in permanent loss of central vision and blind...
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Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of visual impairment worldwide. If diagnosed too late, the disease can irreversibly cause severe damage to the optic nerve, resulting in permanent loss of central vision and blindness. Therefore, early diagnosis of the disease is critical. Recent advancements in machine learning techniques have greatly aided ophthalmologists in timely and efficient diagnosis through the use of automated systems. Training the machine learning models with the most informative features can significantly enhance their performance. However, selecting the most informative feature subset is a real challenge because there are 2n potential feature subsets for a dataset with n features, and the conventional feature selection techniques are also not very efficient. Thus, extracting relevant features from medical images and selecting the most informative is a challenging task. Additionally, a considerable field of study has evolved around the discovery and selection of highly influential features (characteristics) from a large number of features. Through the inclusion of the most informative features, this method has the potential to improve machine learning classifiers by enhancing their classification performance, reducing training and testing time, and lowering system diagnostic costs by incorporating the most informative features. This work aims in the same direction to propose a unique, novel, and highly efficient feature selection (FS) approach using the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA), the Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm (GWO), and a hybridized version of these two metaheuristics. To the best of our knowledge, the use of these two algorithms and their amalgamated version for FS in human disease prediction, particularly glaucoma prediction, has been rare in the past. The objective is to create a highly influential subset of characteristics using this approach. The suggested FS strategy seeks to maximize classification accuracy while reducing the t
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