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Layer-Wise External Attention by Well-Localized Attention Map for Efficient Deep Anomaly Detection

SN computer science 2024年第5期5卷 592页

作者： Nakanishi, Keiichi Shiroma, Ryo Hayakawa, Tokihisa Katafuchi, Ryoya Tokunaga, Terumasa Graduate School of Computer Science and Systems Engineering Kyushu Institute of Technology 680-4 Kawazu Fukuoka-ken Iizuka-shi 820-8502 Japan Faculty of Computer Science and Systems Engineering Kyushu Institute of Technology 680-4 Kawazu Fukuoka-ken Iizuka-shi 820-8502 Japan

The external attention mechanism offers a promising approach to enhance image anomaly detection (Hayakawa et al., in: IMPROVE, pp. 100-–110, 2023). Nevertheless, the effectiveness of this method is contingent upon the judicious selection of an intermediate layer with external attention. In this study, we performed a comprehensive series of experiments to clarify the mechanisms through which external attention improves detection performance. We assessed the performance of the LEA-Net (Hayakawa et al., in: IMPROVE, pp. 100–110, 2023), which implements layer-wise external attention, using MVTec AD and Plant Village datasets. The detection performances of the LEA-Net were compared with that of the baseline model under different anomaly maps generated by three unsupervised approaches. In addition, we investigated the relationship between the detection performance of LEA-Net and the selection of an attention point, which means an intermediate layer where external attention is applied. The findings reveal that the synergy between the dataset and the generated anomaly map influenced the effectiveness of the LEA-Net. For poorly localized anomaly maps, the selection of the attention point becomes a pivotal factor in determining detection efficiency. At shallow attention points, a well-localized attention map successfully notably improves the detection performance. For deeper attention points, the overall intensity of the attention map is essential;this intensity can be substantially amplified by layer-wise external attention, even for a low-intensity anomaly map. Overall, the results suggest that for layer-wise external attention, the positional attributes of anomalies hold greater significance than the overall intensity or visual appearance of the anomaly map. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Anomaly detection Deep learning MVTec AD Plant science Self-attention Visual attention mechanism Visual inspection AI

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Optimizing Gene Expression Analysis Using Clustering Algorithms 1

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5th International Conference on computer and Communication Technologies, IC3T 2023

作者： Bikku, Thulasi Ramu, J. Sekhar, J. Chandra Pratap, V. Krishna Pujari, Jeevana Jyothi Computer Science and Engineering Amrita School of Computing Amaravati Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Andhra Pradesh Amaravati522503 India Department of Computer Science and Engineering NRI Institute of Technology Andhra Pradesh Guntur India Department of Database Systems School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Tamilnadu Vellore632014 India

ISBN: (数字)9789819997077

ISBN: (纸本)9789819997060

Gene expression analysis plays a crucial role in understanding biological processes and diseases. However, the high-dimensional nature of gene expression data poses challenges for its analysis and interpretation. Clustering algorithms have been widely used for identifying patterns in gene expression data, but their effectiveness is limited by the choice of algorithm and parameters used. In this study, we propose an approach for optimizing gene expression analysis using clustering algorithms. Initially, a range of clustering techniques were assessed, encompassing K-means, hierarchical clustering, and DBSCAN. This assessment was conducted using gene expression information sourced from a publicly accessible database. Subsequently, various techniques for feature selection were employed. These techniques encompassed principal component analysis (PCA) as well as correlation-based feature selection (CFS). Their objective was twofold: to decrease the data's dimensionality and to enhance the effectiveness of the clustering process. From the study, we came to know that the combination of K-means clustering with PCA feature selection outperformed other methods in terms of clustering accuracy and stability. We also identified a set of genes that were consistently associated with different clusters, providing insights into the underlying biological processes. Overall, our study demonstrates the importance of careful algorithm and parameter selection for gene expression analysis and highlights the potential of clustering algorithms for identifying meaningful patterns in gene expression data. The suggested methodology entails merging DBSCAN with K-means clustering, which could be extended to diverse high-dimensional datasets for the enhancement of their analysis and comprehension. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.

关键词： Principal component analysis

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IoT-Supported Indoor Navigation System Using Machine Learning Technique 12th

IoT-Supported Indoor Navigation System Using Machine Learnin...

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12th International Conference on Recent Trends in Computing, ICRTC 2024

作者： Christy Jeba Malar, A. Deva Priya, M. Bhuvana, S. Vidhya, K. Sudharsan, S. Suhita, S. Department of Information Technology Sri Krishna College of Technology Tamilnadu Coimbatore India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Karpagam College of Engineering Tamilnadu Coimbatore India School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore India

ISBN: (纸本)9789819788354

Indoor Navigation System (INS) supports seamless movement of objects within confined spaces in smart environments. In this paper, a novel INS that relies on ESP32-based Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) measurements for precise estimation of distance using K-Nearest Neighbour (K-NN) algorithm is proposed. The system architecture includes three ESP32 nodes functioning as clients, and ESP8266 combined with ESP32 acting as a server. To overcome the limitations of Global Positioning System (GPS) within an indoor environment, Machine Learning (ML)-based prediction models are employed to estimate distance between nodes and predict user locations along with the distance between source and destination. This approach not only addresses the challenges posed by GPS in indoor settings, but also shows the potential of ESP32 devices and predictive algorithms for enhancing navigation accuracy and reliability. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Global positioning system

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Feed-Forward Probabilistic Error Cancellation with Noisy Recovery Gates 17

Feed-Forward Probabilistic Error Cancellation with Noisy Rec...

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17th IEEE International Symposium on Embedded Multicore/Many-core systems-on-Chip, MCSoC 2024

作者： Kurosawa, Leo Saito, Yoshiyuki Lee, Xinwei Yan, Xinjian Xie, Ningyi Cai, Dongsheng Shin, Jungpil Asai, Nobuyoshi University of Aizu School of Computer Science and Engineering Aizu-Wakamatsu Fukushima Japan Singapore Management University School of Computing and Information Systems Singapore University of Tsukuba School of Science and Technology Tsukuba Japan University of Tsukuba Faculty of Engineering Information and Systems Tsukuba Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9798331530471

Probabilistic Error Cancellation (PEC) aims to improve the accuracy of expectation values for observables. This is accomplished using the probabilistic insertion of recovery gates, which correspond to the inverse of errors. However, the inserted recovery gates also induce errors. Thus, it is difficult to obtain accurate expectation values with PEC since the estimator of PEC has a bias due to noise induced by recovery gates. To address this challenge, we propose an improved version of PEC that considers the noise resulting from gate insertion, called Feed-Forward PEC (FFPEC). FFPEC provides an unbiased estimator of expectation values by cancelling out the noise induced by recovery gates. We demonstrate that FFPEC yields more accurate expectation values compared to the conventional PEC method through analytical evaluations. Numerical experiments are used to evaluate analytical results. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Inverse problems

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Energy Theft Detection in Smart Grids:Taxonomy,Comparative Analysis,Challenges,and Future Research Directions

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2022年第4期9卷 578-600页

作者： Mohsin Ahmed Abid Khan Mansoor Ahmed Mouzna Tahir Gwanggil Jeon Giancarlo Fortino Francesco Piccialli the Department of Computer Science COMSATS University Islamabad the Department of Computer Science School of ComputingEngineering and Digital TechnologiesTeesside University the Innovative Value Institute Maynooth University the Department of Computer Science Bahria University the School of Electronic Engineering Xidian University the Department of Embedded Systems Engineering Incheon National University IEEE the Department of Informatics ModelingElectronics and SystemsUniversity of Calabria the Department of Mathematics and Applications“R.Caccioppoli” University of Naples FedericoⅡ

Electricity theft is one of the major issues in developing countries which is affecting their economy *** with the introduction of emerging technologies,this issue became more *** many new energy theft detection(ETD)techniques have been proposed by utilising different data mining(DM)techniques,state&network(S&N)based techniques,and game theory(GT)***,a detailed survey is presented where many state-of-the-art ETD techniques are studied and analysed for their strengths and *** levels of taxonomy are presented to classify state-of-the-art ETD *** types and ways of energy theft and their consequences are studied and summarised and different parameters to benchmark the performance of proposed techniques are extracted from *** challenges of different ETD techniques and their mitigation are suggested for future *** is observed that the literature on ETD lacks knowledge management techniques that can be more effective,not only for ETD but also for theft *** can help in the prevention of energy theft,in the future,as well as for ETD.

关键词： Challenges comparative analysis energy theft detection future research directions smart grid taxonomy

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MIMO performance enhancement of MIMO arrays using PCS-based near-field optimization technique

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science China(Information sciences) 2023年第6期66卷 170-185页

作者： Yipeng WANG Xiaoming CHEN Huiling PEI Wei E.I.SHA Yi HUANG Ahmed A.KISHK School of Information and Communications Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Electronic Devices and Smart Systems of Zhejiang Province College of Information Science and Electronic EngineeringZhejiang University Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics University of Liverpool Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Concordia University

Extensive efforts have been made in designing large multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)arrays. Nevertheless, improvements in conventional antenna characteristics cannot ensure significant MIMO performance improvement in realistic multipath environments. Array decorrelation techniques have been proposed, achieving correlation reductions by either tilting the antenna beams or shifting the phase centers away from each other. Hence, these methods are mainly limited to MIMO terminals with small arrays. To avoid such problems, this work proposes a decorrelation optimization technique based on phase correcting surface(PCS)that can be applied to large MIMO arrays, enhancing their MIMO performances in a realistic(non-isotropic)multipath environment. First, by using a near-field channel model and an optimization algorithm, a near-field phase distribution improving the MIMO capacity is obtained. Then the PCS(consisting of square elements)is used to cover the array's aperture, achieving the desired near-field phase *** examples demonstrate the effectiveness of this PCS-based near-field optimization technique. One is a1 × 4 dual-polarized patch array(working at 2.4 GHz)covered by a 2 × 4 PCS with 0.6λ center-to-center distance. The other is a 2 × 8 dual-polarized dipole array, for which a 4 × 8 PCS with 0.4λ center-to-center distance is designed. Their MIMO capacities can be effectively enhanced by 8% and 10% in single-cell and multi-cell scenarios, respectively. The PCS has insignificant effects on mutual coupling, matching, and the average radiation efficiency of the patch array, and increases the antenna gain by about 2.5 dB while keeping broadside radiations to ensure good cellular coverage, which benefits the MIMO performance of the *** proposed technique offers a new perspective for improving large MIMO arrays in realistic multipath in a statistical sense.

关键词： antenna correlation array antenna multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) capacity

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A HIGH-PRECISION 3D LASER MEASUREMENT METHOD BASED ON ESTIMATION OF TRUE VALUES BY HIGH-DENSITY MEASUREMENTS AND CALCULATION OF DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MEASUREMENT DATA OF TWO TIMES

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AIJ Journal of Technology and Design 2022年第68期28卷 515-520页

作者： Kakizaki, Ken'ichi Mukai, Tomohisa Araki, Shunsuke Graduate School of Computer Science and Systems Engineering Kyushu Institute of Technology Dept. of Structural Engineering Building Research Institute

3D laser measurement has a problem that the measurement precision is not sufficient for damage analysis of buildings. In addition, when there is an unevenness in the measurement target, it is difficult to distinguish whether it is an initial shape or damage. In this paper, we propose a method to reduce the measurement error by processing the high-density laser measurement data with statistical methods. In addition, we propose a method to detect the damaged area by comparing the initial shape data of the measured object with the newly measured data. © 2022 Architectural Institute of Japan. All rights reserved.

关键词： Measurement errors

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Research on Multi-agency Collaboration Medical Images Analysis and Classification System based on Federated Learning 24

Research on Multi-agency Collaboration Medical Images Analys...

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2024 International Conference on Biomedicine and Intelligent Technology, ICBIT 2024

作者： Huang, Shijia Diao, Su Wan, Yajie Song, Chaoda Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science Columbia University United States Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering Auburn University United States Department of Computer Science Brown University United States School of Engineering Department of Computer and Data Sciences United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798400710063

In the field of medical image analysis, with the growth of data volume and the increasing demand for privacy protection, traditional centralized learning methods are facing the problems of data silos and privacy leakage. Therefore, federated learning, as an emerging distributed machine learning framework, provides a solution to protect data privacy while effectively utilizing decentralized data. The purpose of this study is to develop a federated learning-based medical image analysis and classification system to solve the data isolation and privacy problems existing in traditional methods. This study uses a distributed federated learning framework that allows multiple healthcare organizations to share updates to their models instead of raw data. Data privacy protection is further enhanced through the use of differential privacy and secure multi-party computation techniques. In addition, a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) is used to improve the accuracy of feature extraction and classification of medical images. Experimental analysis shows that the system can significantly improve the classification accuracy of medical images. Specifically, our system achieved a 15% improvement in classification accuracy compared to traditional centralized methods. Additionally, the implementation of differential privacy and secure multi-party computation resulted in a privacy leakage reduction of 25%. These results verify the application potential of federated learning in the field of medical image processing, demonstrating superior performance and enhanced privacy protection compared to traditional centralized learning methods. © 2024 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).

关键词： Federated learning

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How accurately can soft error impact be estimated in black-box/white-box cases? - A case study with an edge AI SoC 24

How accurately can soft error impact be estimated in black-b...

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61st ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference, DAC 2024

作者： Cheng, Quan Li, Qiufeng Lin, Longyang Liao, Wang Dai, Liuyao Yu, Hao Hashimoto, Masanori Department of Communications and Computer Engineering Kyoto University Kyoto Japan School of Microelectronics Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen China School of Systems Engineering Kochi University of Technology Kochi Japan Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of California Merced United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798400706011

Artificial intelligence (AI) edge devices often feature numerous storage units and sequential logic circuits, making them vulnerable to soft errors. For reliable and critical edge AI applications, assessing System-on-Chip (SoC) reliability in advance is essential. Here, there are two cases: a self-designed SoC (white-box), or a commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) chip (black-box). This study uses alpha particle irradiation results on our 22nm AI SoC as a golden reference to estimate soft error impacts, injecting faults across the entire chip in the white-box case and into the accessible memory and registers in the black-box case. The results demonstrate a high degree of consistency between the white-box case and golden reference, meaning that pre-silicon reliability assessment is feasible. As for the black-box case, the proportion of memory in the SoC remains unchanged and is still significantly larger than that of registers, and hence the simulation results between black-box and white-box are not substantially different. © 2024 Copyright is held by the owner/author(s). Publication rights licensed to ACM.

关键词： System-on-chip

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Endoscopic Bladder Tissue Classification Using Seventeen Layered Deep Convolutional Neural Network 2

Endoscopic Bladder Tissue Classification Using Seventeen Lay...

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2nd International Conference on Advancements in Smart, Secure and Intelligent Computing, ASSIC 2024

作者： Devi, M. Shyamala Pandian, J. Arun Umanandhini, D. Viknesh, V. Vishal, G.P. Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&d Institute of Science and Technology Computer Science & Engineering Tamilnadu Chennai India School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350370188

After a diagnosis of bladder cancer, endoscopic surgery is carried out as it is thought to be the most efficient and appropriate method of treating superficial tumors. It is essential to classify the bladder tissues accurately using MRI since early diagnosis of the problem can aid in treatment and perhaps save lives. Early-stage diagnosis is still challenging due to the delayed onset of indications and tiny alterations in urinary tract tissue that are imperceptible to the naked eye for diagnosis. The automated approach might be utilized to automatically determine the type of endoscopic bladder tissue by using the proper deep learning model with the necessary convolutional layers. This paper suggests the Seventeen Layered Deep Convolutional Neural Network (17-DCNN) to classify the bladder tissue classes effectively. The Endoscopic bladder tissue Dataset from Kaggle is used for the implementation of DOMN that contains 1785 images with four classes as HGC, LGC, NTL, and NST. The 17-DCNN model's initial phase is an analysis of distribution of bladder tissue data images. After data preparation, the existing CNN like DenseNet121, ResNet152, VGG19Net, InceptionV3Net and proposed 17-DCNN model is chosen by fitting the Endoscopic bladder tissue images. The accuracy of the proposed 17-DCNN was 99.32% when compared to other CNN models after implementation. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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