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Stationary wavelet transform and SpinalNet trained light spectrum Tasmanian devil optimization enabled DR detection using fundus images

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第4期84卷 1597-1626页

作者： Tamboli, Mubin Shoukat Dhumane, Amol Prasad, Rajesh Prasad, Jayashree Rajesh Ranjan, Nihar M. Computer Engineering Pimpri Chinchwad College of Engineering Pradhikaran Maharashtra Pune411044 India Computer Science and Engineering Symbiosis Institute of Technology Maharashtra Pune India Computer Science and Engineering School of Computing MIT Art Design and Technology University Loni Kalbhor Maharashtra Pune412201 India Information Technology JSPM’s Rajarshi Shahu College of Engineering Tathawade Maharashtra Pune411033 India

Diabetes is a common disease that causes complications in the eyes known as Diabetic Retinopathy (DR). It aids in discovering the DR and tends to be the main cause behind people’s blindness amidst the previous decades. For prevent the complications of DR and to control the level of blood Glucose, the timely and crucial diagnosis is essential. A model is provided for detecting the DR. Here, Light Spectrum Tasmanian Devil Optimization (LSTDO) is utilized with SpinalNet for DR detection. The method undergoes an adaptive median filter and Region of interest mining process to generate a pre-processed image. The Sparse Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) is adapted for segmenting the optic disks followed by feature extraction. Then, the Hough line transformation with Tyler Coye algorithm (HLTCA) is used for blood vessel segmentation. Concurrently, the Stationary Wavelet Transform (SWT) is adapted to input image to overwhelm the deficiency of translation-invariance issue and then the feature mining is done. The feature vector is generated by unifying the outputs of the three-feature extraction phases and is employed to detect DR. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity obtained by the LSTDO-based SpinalNet are 91.6%, 89.9% and 92.1%, respectively. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Feature extraction

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Cooperative Multiagent Learning and Exploration With Min-Max Intrinsic Motivation

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IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics 2025年第6期55卷 2852-2864页

作者： Hou, Yaqing Kang, Jie Piao, Haiyin Zeng, Yifeng Ong, Yew-Soon Jin, Yaochu Zhang, Qiang Dalian University of Technology College of Computer Science and Technology Dalian116024 China Jilin University School of Artificial Intelligence Changchun130015 China Northumbria University Newcastle upon TyneNE1 8ST United Kingdom Nanyang Technological University School of Computing and Data Science Singapore Singapore Agency for Science Technology and Research Centre for Frontier Ai Research Institute of High Performance Computing Singapore Singapore Westlake University School of Engineering Hangzhou310030 China

In the field of multiagent reinforcement learning (MARL), the ability to effectively explore unknown environments and collect information and experiences that are most beneficial for policy learning represents a critical research area. However, existing work often encounters difficulties in addressing the uncertainties caused by state changes and the inconsistencies between agents' local observations and global information, which presents significant challenges to coordinated exploration among multiple agents. To address this issue, this article proposes a novel MARL exploration method with Min-Max intrinsic motivation (E2M) that promotes the learning of joint policies of agents by introducing surprise minimization and social influence maximization. Since the agent is subject to unstable state changes in the environment, we introduce surprise minimization by computing state entropy to encourage the agents to cope with more stable and familiar situations. This method enables surprise estimation based on the low-dimensional representation of states obtained from random encoders. Furthermore, to prevent surprise minimization from leading to conservative policies, we introduce mutual information between agents' behaviors as social influence. By maximizing social influence, the agents are encouraged to interact to facilitate the emergence of cooperative behavior. The performance of our proposed E2M is testified across a range of popular StarCraft II and Multiagent MuJoCo tasks. Comprehensive results demonstrate its effectiveness in enhancing the cooperative capability of the multiple agents. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Adversarial machine learning

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Exploring information hiding in images – problems and measures: a survey

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-63页

作者： Khan, Ahmed Sarfaraz, Aaliya School of Computer Science Taylor’s University Subang Jaya Malaysia School of Computing and Artificial Intelligence Faculty of Engineering and Technology Sunway University No. 5 Jalan Universiti Selangor Darul Ehsan Bandar Sunway47500 Malaysia

The widespread adoption of digital communication technologies across various domains has led to a significant shift towards digitalization. However, this evolution has also introduced vulnerabilities, including unauthorized access, data manipulation, and fabrication by malicious entities, which severely impact the confidentiality and integrity of information. The proliferation of digital images on the internet has facilitated the use of these media for embedding confidential data in a way that prevents detection or extraction by unauthorized third parties. Despite numerous efforts, existing image steganography and watermarking techniques often lack robustness. This paper proposes several novel strategies to enhance the dynamism and imperceptibility of these techniques, integrating cryptographic methods by manipulating the entropy of encrypted images using minimal pixel value differences and applying unique image transformations. Additionally, the study highlights that implementing multi-layered security mechanisms can protect confidential information from modern statistical steganalysis attacks, thereby preserving both the integrity of hidden data and image quality. A comprehensive review of information hiding, specifically focusing on image watermarking and steganography, is provided. Furthermore, this survey outlines key problem statements and offers quantitative metrics for future research in this area. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Steganography

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OFDM-structure based waveform designs for integrated sensing and communication

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science China(Information sciences) 2025年第5期68卷 267-284页

作者： Jiaqi LIU Ping YANG Ke JIANG Jiarong ZHAO Wei XIANG Jianping WEI Ruixiang DUAN Saviour ZAMMIT Tony Q.S.QUEK National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications University of Electronic Science and Technology of China School of Computing Engineering and Mathematical Sciences La Trobe University Meituan Academy of Robotics Department of Communications and Computer Engineering University of Malta Information Systems Technology and Design Pillar Singapore University of Technology and Design

The future sixth-generation(6G) paradigm aims to seamlessly integrate communication and environmental sensing capabilities into a single radio signal, promising improved efficiency and cost-effectiveness through simultaneous data communications and environmental perception. At the core of this evolution, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM) and its advanced waveforms emerge as pivotal for integrated sensing and communications(ISAC). This study introduces a concise and unified ISAC waveform design framework based on orthogonal multicarriers. This framework supports versatile applications of OFDM and its derivative waveforms within a generalized ISAC system, marking a significant leap in integrating communication and sensing capabilities. A distinguishing feature of this framework is its adaptability,allowing users to intelligently select modulation strategies based on their specific environmental needs. This adaptability optimizes performance across diverse scenarios. Central to our innovations is the proposal of discrete Fourier transformspread OFDM with index modulation(DFT-S-OFDM-IM). This framework is paired with newly proposed signal processing methods for single-input single-output and multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) systems. Extensive evaluations highlight DFT-S-OFDM-IM's superiority, including dramatically reduced peak-to-average power ratios(PAPRs), competitive communication performance, and exceptional sensing capabilities, striking an elegant balance between communication capacity and environmental sensing precision.

关键词： DFT-S-OFDM-IM index modulation integrated sensing and communication OFDM

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Role-Specific Reward Design with Large Language Model for StarCraft II

Role-Specific Reward Design with Large Language Model for St...

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2025 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2025

作者： Li, Sijia Luo, Haonan Zhang, Xu Zeng, Xin Shen, Zhixuan Li, Tianrui School of Computing and Artificial Intelligence Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu China Nanjing University of Science and Technology School of Computer Science and Engineering China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368741

Reward acts as a signal to guide the agent's learning process in Reinforcement Learning (RL), evaluating and assigning rewards to the agent's actions based on their alignment with goals. Designing reward is challenging in multi-agent environment such as StarCraft II benchmark since agents face credit allocation and role adaptation problems. Recent studies have successfully exploited the language understanding and reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) to learn manipulation tasks. Impressed by the remarkable power of LLMs, this paper employs LLMs as role-specific reward designer for playing StarCraft II, making rewards more flexible and task-oriented. Firstly, we develop an interactive text and multi-agent RL environment to study real-time strategy generation in StarCraft II. Secondly, we use LLMs to interpret the game situation and understand agent roles from user instructions. Then, by assigning appropriate subtasks, LLMs quantify the completion of these subtasks to generate role-specific rewards. Further, credit assignment problem is addressed by introducing dynamic reward weights in value decomposition method. In StarCraft II maps, experiments show that role-aligned RL agents trained with our framework achieve superior policy performance, and win rate results demonstrates the effectiveness of our approach in decision-making for micromanagement and long-term planning. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Large Language Models Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning Reward design StarCraft II Value decomposition

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Grover’s search finds new applications in continuous optimization and spectral analysis

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science China: Physics, Mechanics and Astronomy 2025年第6期68卷 1-2页

作者： Sun, Xiaoming State Key Lab of Processors Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China School of Computer Science and Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China

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Metamorphic Relation Patterns for Metamorphic Testing, Exploration and Robustness

Metamorphic Relation Patterns for Metamorphic Testing, Explo...

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作者： Ying, Zhihao Towey, Dave Bellotti, Anthony Chua, Caslon Quan Zhou, Zhi School of Computer Science University of Nottingham Ningbo China Zhejiang Ningbo China Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Swinburne University of Technology HawthornVIC Australia School of Computing and Information Technology University of Wollongong WollongongNSW Australia

Metamorphic testing (MT) is an effective software quality assurance method;it uses metamorphic relations (MRs) to examine the inputs and outputs of multiple test cases. Metamorphic exploration (ME) and metamorphic robustness testing (MRT) are advanced additions to the MT literature: ME can enable better understanding, and thus testing, of systems;MRT can test software robustness without an oracle. Metamorphic relation patterns (MRPs) are abstractions or templates for multiple concrete MRs. The performance of MT/ME/MRT relies on the quality of MRs, but the identification of MRs is often a manual task requiring some knowledge of MRPs, creative thinking and a good understanding of the system. In other words, the effective identification of MRs remains a challenge and requires further study. In this paper, we propose formal definitions to describe the relationship between multiple MRPs in order to classify them. We also identify a series of new MRPs and propose a new MT framework that can guide the identification and application of MRPs. Based on our definitions, we present the notion of MRP family trees and further propose two trees by classifying previously published MRPs and our proposed MRPs, in order to make it easier for users to find their target MRPs for reuse, reference or inference. Finally, we report on case studies using the MRPs and our framework to guide the identification of MRs for MT/ME/MRT and successfully detect multiple violations. © 2025 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

关键词： Software testing

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Fusion of data dimensionality reduction algorithms baced on category representation theory 4

Fusion of data dimensionality reduction algorithms baced on ...

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4th International Conference on computer Vision, Application, and Algorithm, CVAA 2024

作者： Xu, Xiaoxiang Li, Fanzhang Zhang, Li School of Computer Science and Technology Joint International Research Laboratory of Machine Learning and Neuromorphic Computing Provincial Key Laboratory for Computer Information Processing Technology Soochow University Suzhou China

ISBN: (纸本)9781510687615

For a long time, people have believed that representation problems are one of the bottlenecks in the field of machine learning. Therefore, it is a long-term and exploratory work to study machine learning representation methods. Due to this, we use category theory to study the fusion representation of data dimensionality reduction. We propose the basic concept of category representation for data dimensionality reduction and provide a data dimensionality reduction fusion representation framework. We have conducted research and analysis on algorithms such as PCA, KPCA, and LDA, identified the essential connection between PCA, KPCA, and LDA and proposed a data dimensionality reduction fusion representation algorithm based on a data dimensionality reduction fusion representation framework. Finally, we demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed method through experiments. © 2025 SPIE.

关键词： Dimensionality reduction

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Improving energy efficiency in scalable WSNs through IoT-driven approach

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International Journal of Information technology (Singapore) 2025年 1-11页

作者： Singh, Omkar Kushwaha, Ajay Shriram Sharma, Col. Rahul Kumar, Lalit National Institute of Fashion Technology Bihar Patna India Department of Computer Science & Application Sharda School of Computing Sciences & Engineering Sharda University UP Greater Noida India School of Computer Science & Engineering ILM University Greater Noida India

A novel QoS-Driven Optimization for Energy-Efficient Clustering Routing (QDOEECR) protocol tailored for IoT-based Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), addressing the critical challenge of energy efficiency in sensor nodes with limited battery life. The protocol’s innovative approach lies in its advanced techniques for optimizing the selection of sub-sink nodes and identifying the optimal path to the sink node, ensuring improved adherence to Quality of Service (QoS) standards. Performance evaluations, conducted through MATLAB simulations, demonstrate the QDOEECR protocol's superior performance, achieving significant advancements over existing routing protocols. These include 30–35% reduction in end-to-end delay, 25–30% improvement in throughput, 35–40% decrease in energy consumption, 28–32% reduction in packet loss, and 32–38% extension in network lifetime. These results establish QDOEECR as a groundbreaking solution that not only enhances energy efficiency but also elevates network performance metrics beyond the capabilities of current state-of-the-art protocols like CBCCP, HCSM, and ZEAL. © Bharati Vidyapeeth's Institute of computer Applications and Management 2025.

关键词： CBCCP HCSM IoT QDOEECR WSN ZEAL

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Compressive sector selection and channel estimation for optimizing throughput and delay in IEEE 802.11ad WLAN

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International Journal of Information technology (Singapore) 2025年第2期17卷 987-998页

作者： Venkatachalam, Ilayaraja Palaniappan, Senthilnathan Ameerjohn, Sirajudeen School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Tamilnadu Vellore India School of Computing Science and Engineering VIT Bhopal University Bhopal-Indore Highway Kothrikalan Madhya Pradesh Sehore 466114 India

To identify the best beam pair in IEEE 802,11ad Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), it is necessary to evaluate every potential pair's spectrum responsiveness and Signal-to-noise Ratio (SNR). During beam monitoring, nevertheless, the pilot expenditure associated with SNR or channels predictions have been successfully minimized. Therefore, it is crucial to reduce the aided pilot in beam monitoring. In this study, we present a methodology for IEEE 802,11ad WLAN performance and latency optimization called Compressive Sector Selection and Channel Estimation (CSS-CE). 60 GHz transmissions suffer from scarce channel in beams synchronization. Thus, to lower the sample rate, Compressed Sensing (CS) is used. The next step is to recreate the compressed data utilizing Orthogonal Pairing Pursuit (OPP). Because different antenna sectors share similar spatial characteristics, compressive sensing typically probes portions of antenna sector areas. Next, the most suitable region is chosen to meet the additional transmission's latency as well as throughput limitations. The suggested CSS-CE paradigm outperforms the current methods in terms of performance and interruption, according to data from experiments. © Bharati Vidyapeeth's Institute of computer Applications and Management 2024.

关键词： Beam tracking Channel estimation Compressive sensing IEEE 802.11ad WLAN Orthogonal matching pursuit

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