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Identification of coexistence of biological and non-biological aerosol particles with DAPI (4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) stain

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Particuology 2023年第1期72卷 49-57页

作者： Ting Liu Jiaquan Zhang Junji Cao Han Zheng Changlin Zhan Hongxia Liu Lili Zhang Kai Xiao Shan Liu Dong Xiang Daizhou Zhang School of Environmental Science and Engineering Hubei Polytechnic UniversityHubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control and RemediationHuangshi 435003China Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430063China Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences Prefectural University of KumamotoKumamoto 862-8502Japan

The fluorescent dye 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) has been widely used to stain microorganisms in various environment media. We applied DAPI fluorescence enumeration to airborne microorganisms and found that non-biological particles, including organic compounds, minerals, and soot, were also visible upon exposure to UV excitation under fluorescence microscope. Using laboratory-prepared biological particles as the control, we investigated the feasibility of identifying both biological and non-biological particles in the same sample with DAPI staining. We prepared biological (bacterial, fungi, and plant detritus) and non-biological (biochar, soot, mineral, metal, fly ash, salt) particles in the laboratory and enumerated the particles and their mixture with DAPI. We found that mineral particles were transparent, and biochar, soot, metals and fly ash particles were black under a filter set at excitation 350/50 nm and emission 460/50 nm bandpass (DAPI-BP), while biological particles were blue, as expected. Particles of the water-soluble salts NaCl and (NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4) were yellow under a filter set at excitation 340–380 nm and emission 425 nm long pass (DAPI-LP). Case studies with samples of dustfall, atmospheric aerosols and surface soils could allow for the quantification of the relative number of different types of particles and particles with organic matter or salt coating as well. Fluorescence enumeration with DAPI stain is thus able to identify the co-existence of biological and non-biological particles in the air, at least to the extent of those examined in this study.

关键词： 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole(DAPI) Biological particles Nonbiological particles Atmospheric aerosols

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Extinction Chains Reveal Intermediate Phases Between the Safety and Collapse in Mutualistic Ecosystems

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Engineering 2024年第12期43卷 89-98页

作者： Guangwei Wang Xueming Liu Ying Xiao Ye Yuan Linqiang Pan Xiaohong Guan Jianxi Gao Hai-Tao Zhang The MOE Engineering Research Center of Autonomous Intelligent Unmanned Systems State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and TechnologySchool of Artificial Intelligence and AutomationHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Guangdong HUST Industrial Technology Research Institute Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyDongguan 523808China Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Center of Autonomous Unmanned Vessels Dongguan 523808China MOE Key Laboratory of Intelligent Networks and Network Security&State Key Laboratory of Manufacturing Systems Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China Tsinghua National Laboratory of Information Science and Technology Department of AutomationTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Computer Science Rensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroyNY 12180USA

Ecosystems are undergoing unprecedented persistent deterioration due to unsustainable anthropogenic human activities,such as overfishing and deforestation,and the effects of such damage on ecological stability are *** recent advances in experimental and theoretical studies on regime shifts and tipping points,theoretical tools for understanding the extinction chain,which is the sequence of species extinctions resulting from overexploitation,are still lacking,especially for large-scale nonlinear networked *** this study,we developed a mathematical tool to predict regime shifts and extinction chains in ecosystems under multiple exploitation situations and verified it in 26 real-world mutualistic networks of various sizes and *** discovered five phases during the exploitation process:safe,partial extinction,bistable,tristable,and collapse,which enabled the optimal design of restoration strategies for degraded or collapsed *** validated our approach using a 20-year dataset from an eelgrass restoration ***,we also found a specific region in the diagram spanning exploitation rates and competition intensities,where exploiting more species helps increase *** computational tool provides insights into harvesting,fishing,exploitation,or deforestation plans while conserving or restoring the biodiversity of mutualistic ecosystems.

关键词： Complex system Network science Overexploitation Regime shift Metastability

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An Improved Lung Cancer Segmentation Based on Nature-Inspired Optimization Approaches

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computer Modeling in Engineering & sciences 2024年第2期138卷 1051-1075页

作者： Shazia Shamas Surya Narayan Panda Ishu Sharma Kalpna Guleria Aman Singh Ahmad Ali AlZubi Mallak Ahmad AlZubi Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology Chitkara UniversityRajpuraPunjab140401India Higher Polytechnic School Universidad Europea del AtlánticoC/Isabel Torres 21Santander39011Spain Department of Engineering Universidad Internacional IberoamericanaAreciboPR00613USA Uttaranchal Institute of Technology Uttaranchal UniversityDehradunUttarakhand248007India Computer Science Department King Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia Faculty of Medicine Jordan University of Science and TechnologyIrbidJordan

The distinction and precise identification of tumor nodules are crucial for timely lung cancer diagnosis andplanning intervention. This research work addresses the major issues pertaining to the field of medical imageprocessing while focusing on lung cancer Computed Tomography (CT) images. In this context, the paper proposesan improved lung cancer segmentation technique based on the strengths of nature-inspired approaches. Thebetter resolution of CT is exploited to distinguish healthy subjects from those who have lung cancer. In thisprocess, the visual challenges of the K-means are addressed with the integration of four nature-inspired swarmintelligent techniques. The techniques experimented in this paper are K-means with Artificial Bee Colony (ABC),K-means with Cuckoo Search Algorithm (CSA), K-means with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and Kmeanswith Firefly Algorithm (FFA). The testing and evaluation are performed on Early Lung Cancer ActionProgram (ELCAP) database. The simulation analysis is performed using lung cancer images set against metrics:precision, sensitivity, specificity, f-measure, accuracy,Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC), Jaccard, and *** detailed evaluation shows that the K-means with Cuckoo Search Algorithm (CSA) significantly improved thequality of lung cancer segmentation in comparison to the other optimization approaches utilized for lung cancerimages. The results exhibit that the proposed approach (K-means with CSA) achieves precision, sensitivity, and Fmeasureof 0.942, 0.964, and 0.953, respectively, and an average accuracy of 93%. The experimental results prove thatK-meanswithABC,K-meanswith PSO,K-meanswith FFA, andK-meanswithCSAhave achieved an improvementof 10.8%, 13.38%, 13.93%, and 15.7%, respectively, for accuracy measure in comparison to K-means segmentationfor lung cancer images. Further, it is highlighted that the proposed K-means with CSA have achieved a significantimprovement in accuracy, hence can be utilized by resea

关键词： Lesion lung cancer segmentation medical imaging meta-heuristic Artificial Bee Colony(ABC) Cuckoo Search Algorithm(CSA) Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO) Firefly Algorithm(FFA) segmentation

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Synchronization of stochastic coupled systems on networks with time-varying coupling structure 38

Synchronization of stochastic coupled systems on networks wi...

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38th Youth Academic Annual Conference of Chinese Association of Automation, YAC 2023

作者： Liu, Anran Han, Haoming Liu, Yan The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Department of Health Technology and Informatics SAR Hong Kong Hong Kong Tiangong University School of Computer Science and Technology Tianjin China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350303636

This paper investigates the synchronization of stochastic coupled systems on networks with time-varying coupling structure (SCSNTC). Firstly, a stochastic coupled system we consider can be described by a network which coupling structure is time-varying. Then, by combining Lyapunov method with basic graph theory and using feedback control, a Lyapunov-type theorem as well as a coefficients-type criterion are respectively given to make sure drive and response systems to reach p- th moment exponential synchronization. As an application, the synchronization of stochastic Kuramoto oscillators with time-varying coupling structure is analyzed based on the obtained theoretical results in mechanical systems. Eventually, a numerical example is established to demonstrate the validity of our results. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： exponential synchronization feedback control stochastic coupled oscillators time-varying coupling structure

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A Survey on Scalable LoRaWAN for Massive IoT: Recent Advances, Potentials, and Challenges

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IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials 2023年第3期25卷 1841-1876页

作者： Jouhari, Mohammed Saeed, Nasir Alouini, Mohamed-Slim Amhoud, El Mehdi Mohammed Vi Polytechnic University School of Computer Science Ben Guerir43150 Morocco United Arab Emirates University Department of Electrical and Communication Engineering Al Ain United Arab Emirates King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division Thuwal23955-6900 Saudi Arabia

Long-range (LoRa) technology is most widely used for enabling low-power wide area networks (WANs) on unlicensed frequency bands. Despite its modest data rates, it provides extensive coverage for low-power devices, making it an ideal communication system for many Internet of Things (IoT) applications. In general, LoRa is considered as the physical layer, whereas LoRaWAN is the medium access control (MAC) layer of the LoRa stack that adopts a star topology to enable communication between multiple end devices (EDs) and the network gateway. The chirp spread spectrum modulation deals with LoRa signal interference and ensures long-range communication. At the same time, the adaptive data rate mechanism allows EDs to dynamically alter some LoRa features, such as the spreading factor (SF), code rate, and carrier frequency to address the time variance of communication conditions in dense networks. Despite the high LoRa connectivity demand, LoRa signals interference and concurrent transmission collisions are major limitations. Therefore, to enhance LoRaWAN capacity, the LoRa Alliance released many LoRaWAN versions, and the research community has provided numerous solutions to develop scalable LoRaWAN technology. Hence, we thoroughly examine LoRaWAN scalability challenges and state-of-the-art solutions in both the physical and MAC layers. These solutions primarily rely on SF, logical, and frequency channel assignment, whereas others propose new network topologies or implement signal processing schemes to cancel the interference and allow LoRaWAN to connect more EDs efficiently. A summary of the existing solutions in the literature is provided at the end of the paper, describing the advantages and disadvantages of each solution and suggesting possible enhancements as future research directions. © 1998-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Wide area networks

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Fast Distributed Polynomial Multiplication Algorithm for Lattice-based Cryptographic Decryption In Blockchain Systems 22

Fast Distributed Polynomial Multiplication Algorithm for Lat...

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22nd IEEE International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing with Applications, ISPA 2024

作者： Zhao, Hongjian Tao, Yunting Kong, Fanyu Zhang, Guoyan Zhang, Hanlin Yu, Jia Shandong University School of Software Jinan China Binzhou Polytechnic College of Information Engineering Binzhou China Shandong University Shandong Sansec Information Technology Co. Ltd School of Software Jinan China Shandong University School of Cyber Science and Technology Qingdao China Qingdao University College of Computer Science and Technology Qingdao China

ISBN: (纸本)9798331509712

Lattice-based Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) can effectively resist the quantum threat to blockchain's underlying cryptographic algorithms. Blockchain node decryption is one of the most commonly used cryptographic computations in blockchain systems, and polynomial multiplication, a time-consuming operation for decryption, is one of the factors limiting blockchain efficiency. This paper proposes a novel distributed computing algorithm for polynomial multiplication, applicable in blockchain decryption. By splitting polynomials into lower-degree terms and delegating tasks to distributed nodes, our approach reduces computation time. A novel verification strategy based on the Karatsuba algorithm ensures result accuracy. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed scheme improves the execution efficiency of NTT and INTT operations by approximately 47.8% and 52.4%, and reduces Kyber decryption time by up to 23.5%. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Encryption algorithms

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Analysis of the Risk of Water Breakout in the Bottom Plate of High-Intensity Mining of Extra-Thick Coal Seams

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2024年第5期12卷 81-91页

作者： Shuo Wang Hongdong Kang Xinchen Wang School of Energy Science and Engineering Henan Polytechnic University Jiaozuo China Technology Institute of Energy Engineering Shanxi Institute of Science and Technology Jincheng China

In order to clarify the danger of water breakout in the bottom plate of extra-thick coal seam mining, 2202 working face of a mine in the west is taken as the research object, and it is proposed to use the on-site monitoring means combining borehole peeping and microseismic monitoring, combined with the theoretical analysis to analyze the danger of water breakout in the bottom plate. The results show that: 1) the theoretically calculated maximum damage depth of the bottom plate is 27.5 m, and its layer is located above the Austrian ash aquifer, which has the danger of water breakout;2) the drill hole peeping at the bottom plate of the working face shows that the depth of the bottom plate fissure development reaches 26 m, and the integrity of the water barrier layer has been damaged, so there is the risk of water breakout;3) for the microseismic monitoring of the anomalous area, the bottom plate of the return air downstream channel occurs in the field with a one-week lag, which shows that microseismic monitoring events may reflect the water breakout of the underground. This shows that the microseismic monitoring events can reflect the changes of the underground flow field, which can provide a reference basis for the early warning of water breakout. The research results can provide reference for the prediction of sudden water hazard.

关键词： Extra-Thick Coal Seam High-Intensity Mining Microseismic Monitoring Water-Surge Hazard Borehole Peeping

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PN-Quant: An Automated Pulmonary Nodule Quantification Method for Full-Size CT Scans

PN-Quant: An Automated Pulmonary Nodule Quantification Metho...

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2024 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine, BIBM 2024

作者： Tang, Xinkai Zhu, Zhiyu Guo, Shengjuan Liu, Feng Chen, Yi Ping Phoebe Huang, Wencai Zou, Jiani Wuhan University School of Computer Science Wuhan China Wuhan City Polytechnic School of Primary Education Wuhan China La Trobe University Department of Computer Science and Information Technology Melbourne Australia General Hospital of Central Theater Command of the Pla Department of Radiology Wuhan China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350386226

Pulmonary nodule quantification is essential in forecasting and diagnosing potential malignant nodules, providing critical information for early intervention and treatment planning. However, most existing assistant diagnosis techniques primarily focus on the localization of lung nodules without comprehensive quantitative analysis, limiting their utility in clinical practice. To address this significant limitation, we present a novel and robust pulmonary nodule quantification framework named PN-Quant. It integrates a detection module, a segmentation module, and a quantification module to enable automated identification and precise measurement of lung nodules in full-size computer Tomography (CT) scans, which facilitates the extraction of geometric characteristics, including volume, surface area, mass, sphericity, compactness, and elongation, offering valuable quantitative data for accurate nodule assessment. This study evaluates multiple PN-Quant pipelines with diverse configurations using datasets LIDC-IDRI, LNDb-19, and MSD-lung. Notably, the pipeline combining SANet and 3D UX-Net demonstrated superior performance, yielding low relative errors of 16.8%, 39.5%, and 24.4% on the respective datasets. These results underscore the effectiveness of the automated pipeline based on PN-Quant in efficiently and accurately quantifying pulmonary nodules across diverse datasets. The findings from this research highlight the potential of PN-Quant as a valuable tool for enhancing the precision and reliability of pulmonary nodule analysis in clinical settings, ultimately contributing to improved patient outcomes and clinical decision-making. Our source code is available at https://***/Xinkai-Tang/PN-Quant. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Clinical research

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LEGF-DST:LLMs-Enhanced Graph-Fusion Dual-Stream Transformer for Fine-Grained Chinese Malicious SMS Detection

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computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第2期82卷 1901-1924页

作者： Xin Tong Jingya Wang Ying Yang Tian Peng Hanming Zhai Guangming Ling School of Information and Cybersecurity People’s Public Security University of ChinaBeijing100038China Cyber Investigation Technology Research and Development Center The Third Research Institute of the Ministry of Public SecurityShanghai201204China Department of Cybersecurity Defense Beijing Police CollegeBeijing102202China School of Computer Science Henan Institute of EngineeringZhengzhou451191China

With the widespread use of SMS(Short Message Service),the proliferation of malicious SMS has emerged as a pressing societal *** deep learning-based text classifiers offer promise,they often exhibit suboptimal performance in fine-grained detection tasks,primarily due to imbalanced datasets and insufficient model representation *** address this challenge,this paper proposes an LLMs-enhanced graph fusion dual-stream Transformer model for fine-grained Chinese malicious SMS *** the data processing stage,Large Language Models(LLMs)are employed for data augmentation,mitigating dataset *** the data input stage,both word-level and character-level features are utilized as model inputs,enhancing the richness of features and preventing information loss.A dual-stream Transformer serves as the backbone network in the learning representation stage,complemented by a graph-based feature fusion *** the output stage,both supervised classification cross-entropy loss and supervised contrastive learning loss are used as multi-task optimization objectives,further enhancing the model’s feature *** results demonstrate that the proposed method significantly outperforms baselines on a publicly available Chinese malicious SMS dataset.

关键词： Transformers malicious SMS multi-task learning large language models

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QR code images fast blind deblurring based on specific symbol prior and L2 norm minimization 4

QR code images fast blind deblurring based on specific symbo...

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4th International Conference on computer Engineering and Application, ICCEA 2023

作者： Ma, Qin Chen, Rongjun Wang, Wenguang School of Electronics and Information Technology Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou510006 China School of Computer Science Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University Guangzhou510665 China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350347548

Recently QR code has been widely used and has made great convenience to our daily life. However, the degradation of QR code images will make them difficult to be recognized and decoded. In the meantime, we find there are some problems when the existing excellent deblurring algorithms are applied to the QR code images. First, the restored over-sharpened edges may destroy the ratio of specific symbol in images, which will lead to the failure of decoding. Second, these methods are time-consuming and impractical to be directly used. To solve these problems, a model based on $L_{2}$ norm is proposed to avoid over-sharpened edges, and then the gray level and gradient features of QR code are utilized to optimize it. Besides, based on the specific symbol prior, we introduce an evaluation mechanism to achieve fast deblurring. The experimental results show that our method has better performance than other state-of-the-art algorithms. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Decoding

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