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A Federated Learning Incentive Mechanism for Dynamic Client Participation:Unbiased Deep Learning Models

computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第4期83卷 619-634页

作者： Jianfeng Lu Tao Huang Yuanai Xie Shuqin Cao Bing Li School of Computer Science and Technology Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430065China College of Computer Science South-Central Minzu UniversityWuhan430074China School of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua321004China

The proliferation of deep learning(DL)has amplified the demand for processing large and complex datasets for tasks such as modeling,classification,and ***,traditional DL methods compromise client privacy by collecting sensitive data,underscoring the necessity for privacy-preserving solutions like Federated Learning(FL).FL effectively addresses escalating privacy concerns by facilitating collaborative model training without necessitating the sharing of raw *** that FL clients autonomously manage training data,encouraging client engagement is pivotal for successful model *** overcome challenges like unreliable communication and budget constraints,we present ENTIRE,a contract-based dynamic participation incentive mechanism for *** ensures impartial model training by tailoring participation levels and payments to accommodate diverse client *** approach involves several key ***,we examine how random client participation impacts FL convergence in non-convex scenarios,establishing the correlation between client participation levels and model ***,we reframe model performance optimization as an optimal contract design challenge to guide the distribution of rewards among clients with varying participation *** balancing budget considerations with model effectiveness,we craft optimal contracts for different budgetary constraints,prompting clients to disclose their participation preferences and select suitable contracts for contributing to model ***,we conduct a comprehensive experimental evaluation of ENTIRE using three real *** results demonstrate a significant 12.9%enhancement in model performance,validating its adherence to anticipated economic properties.

关键词： Federated learning deep learning non-IID data dynamic client participation non-convex optimization contract

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More Accurate Constraints for Self-Supervised Learning in Remote Sensing Images based Object Detection

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IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing 2025年 18卷 12303-12314页

作者： Zheng, Shangdong Wu, Zebin Xu, Yang Liu, Qian Wei, Zhihui Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications School of Computer Science Nanjing210023 China Nanjing University of Science and Technology School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing210094 China Nanjing University of Science and Technology Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging & Intelligent Sense China Anhui Agricultural University School of Information and Artificial Intelligence Hefei230036 China

Self-supervised learning (SSL) automatically generates internal labels by exploring the potential auxiliary task of the network itself, and trains the same model through these annotations to learn the latent representation of the data, which greatly improves the accuracy of object detection in remote sensing images (RSIs). However, most existing methods suffer from guaranteeing the quality of the generated SSL pseudo annotations, and the constructed auxiliary tasks are not detectionoriented, which is difficult to enhance the feature representations that are beneficial for object detection. In this paper, we focus on generating more accurate constraints by excavating the intercorrelation between fully and weakly-supervised learning to improve the performance of object detection in RSIs. Initially, weakly-supervised learning (WSL) assigns the pseudo instancelevel annotations for the high-scoring positive bags to model the detector, which can be regarded as a weakened version of the region proposal network (RPN). Fortunately, RPN can be constrained by the ground truth of bounding boxes in fullysupervised learning (FSL), and the high-quality supervisions it provides are unavailable in any WSL methods. Moreover, we construct a proposal generation module (PGM), which further filters the unreliable bounding boxes, predicted by RPN, to supplement high-quality constraints into the ground truth and SS generated candidate boxes to supervise the optimization of WSL branch. By constructing an interactive learning paradigm of WSL and FSL, the former has more accurate constraints to learn an efficient auxiliary task, while the latter enjoys a richer representation form of data provided by WSL, which is undoubtedly a win-win process. Finally, we cascade the losses of WSL and FSL to further explore the intrinsic correlation between them by sharing the same feature extraction network. Experimental comparisons on DOTA and DIOR datasets demonstrate that our method achieves superior per

关键词： Self-supervised learning

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A pure quantum secret sharing scheme based on GHZ basis measurement and quantum entanglement exchange

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Chinese Physics B 2025年第3期34卷 95-102页

作者： Bai Liu Jun Zhang Shupin Qiu Mingwu Zhang School of Computer Science Hubei University of TechnologyWuhan 430068China

At present,most quantum secret sharing(QSS)protocols are more or less designed with the incorporation of classical secret sharing *** the increasing maturity of quantum technology,QSS protocols based on pure quantum mechanics are becoming more *** secret sharing schemes cannot achieve absolute security,and their involvement can compromise the security of QSS *** paper proposes a QSS scheme based on Greenberger-Horn-Zeilinger(GHZ)basis measurement and quantum entanglement *** this protocol,the secret sender stores the secret information using Pauli *** obtain their shares by measuring the product state ***,participants complete the secret reconstruction through quantum entanglement exchange and other related quantum *** addition,the particles held by participants in the protocol do not contain any secret *** participant's particles are in a state of maximum entanglement,and no participant can deduce the particle information of other participants through their own *** the same time,the protocol is based on pure quantum mechanics and does not involve classical schemes,which avoids the problem of reduced security of the *** analysis indicates that the protocol is not vulnerable to retransmission interception and collusion ***,it is capable of detecting and terminating the protocol promptly when facing with attacks from dishonest participants.

关键词： quantum secret sharing projection measurement quantum entanglement exchange threshold

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Multiple-event-triggered adaptive fuzzy output-feedback control for MIMO uncertain nonlinear systems

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science China(Technological sciences) 2025年第2期68卷 216-226页

作者： Shuai SUI Yu YANG Shaocheng TONG C.L.Philip CHEN School of Science Liaoning University of TechnologyJinzhou 121001China School of Computer Science and Engineering South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China

The article addresses the output-feedback control issue for a class of multi-input multi-output(MIMO)uncertain nonlinear systems with multiple event-triggered mechanisms(ETM).Compared to previous event-triggering studies,this paper aims to trigger both the output and filtered *** nonlinear dynamics are approximated using fuzzy logic systems(FLSs).Then,a novel kind of state observer has been designed to deal with unmeasurable state problems using the triggered output *** sampled estimated state,the triggered output signal,and the filtered signal are utilized to propose an event-triggering mechanism that consists of sensor-to-observer(SO)and observer-to-controller(OC).An event-triggered output feedback control approach is given inside backstepping control,whereby the filter may be employed to circumvent the issue of the virtual control function not being differentiable at the trigger *** is testified that,according to the Lyapunov stability analysis scheme,all closed-loop signals and the system output are ultimately uniformly constrained by our control ***,the simulation examples are performed to confirm the theoretical findings.

关键词： event-triggered control(ETC) dynamic surface control(DSC) output-feedback control fuzzy adaptive control

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Cat Swarm Algorithm Generated Based on Genetic Programming Framework Applied in Digital Watermarking

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computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第5期83卷 3135-3163页

作者： Shu-Chuan Chu Libin Fu Jeng-Shyang Pan Xingsi Xue Min Liu School of Artificial Intelligence Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210000China College of Computer Science and Engineering Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao266000China Department of Information Management Chaoyang University of TechnologyTaichung40601TaiwanChina School of Information Science and Engineering Fujian University of TechnologyFuzhou350000China Key Laboratory of Hydrometeorological Disaster Mechanism and Warning of Ministry of Water Resource Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210000China

Evolutionary algorithms have been extensively utilized in practical ***,manually designed population updating formulas are inherently prone to the subjective influence of the *** programming(GP),characterized by its tree-based solution structure,is a widely adopted technique for optimizing the structure of mathematical models tailored to real-world *** paper introduces a GP-based framework(GPEAs)for the autonomous generation of update formulas,aiming to reduce human *** modifications to tree-based GP have been instigated,encompassing adjustments to its initialization process and fundamental update operations such as crossover and mutation within the *** designing suitable function sets and terminal sets tailored to the selected evolutionary algorithm,and ultimately derive an improved update *** Cat Swarm Optimization Algorithm(CSO)is chosen as a case study,and the GP-EAs is employed to regenerate the speed update formulas of the *** validate the feasibility of the GP-EAs,the comprehensive performance of the enhanced algorithm(GP-CSO)was evaluated on the CEC2017 benchmark ***,GP-CSO is applied to deduce suitable embedding factors,thereby improving the robustness of the digital watermarking *** experimental results indicate that the update formulas generated through training with GP-EAs possess excellent performance scalability and practical application proficiency.

关键词： Cat swarm algorithm genetic programming digital watermarking update mode mode generation framework

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Preamble slice orderly queue access scheme in cell-free dense communication systems

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Digital Communications and Networks 2025年第1期11卷 126-135页

作者： Jun Sun Mengzhu Guo Jian Liu School of Telecommunications and Information Engineering Nanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing 210003China School of Computer and Communication Engineering University of Science and TechnologyBeijing 100083China

High reliability applications in dense access scenarios have become one of the main goals of 6G *** solve the access collision of dense Machine Type Communication(MTC)devices in cell-free communication systems,an intelligent cooperative secure access scheme based on multi-agent reinforcement learning and federated learning is proposed,that is,the Preamble Slice Orderly Queue Access(PSOQA)*** this scheme,the preamble arrangement is combined with the access *** preamble arrangement is realized by preamble slices which is from the virtual preamble *** access devices learn to queue orderly by deep reinforcement *** orderly queue weakens the random and avoids collision.A preamble slice is assigned to an orderly access queue at each access *** orderly queue is determined by interaction information among multiple *** the federated reinforcement learning framework,the PSOQA scheme is implemented to guarantee the privacy and security of ***,the access performance of PSOQA is compared with other random contention schemes in different load *** results show that PSOQA can not only improve the access success rate but also guarantee low-latency tolerant performances.

关键词： Machine type communication Random access Reinforcement learning Access success probability Federated learning

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Integrating element correlation with prompt-based spatial relation extraction

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Frontiers of computer science 2025年第2期19卷 59-69页

作者： Feng WANG Sheng XU Peifeng LI Qiaoming ZHU School of Computer Science and Technology Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215006China

Spatial relations in text refer to how a geographical entity is located in space in relation to a reference *** spatial relations from text is a fundamental task in natural language *** studies have only focused on generic fine-tuning methods with additional classifiers,ignoring the importance of the semantic correlation between different spatial elements and the large offset between the relation extraction task and the pre-trained *** address the above two issues,we propose a spatial relation extraction model based on Dual-view Prompt and Element Correlation(DPEC).Specifically,we first reformulate spatial relation extraction as a mask language model with a Dual-view Prompt(i.e.,Link Prompt and Confidence Prompt).Link Prompt can not only guide the model to incorporate more contextual information related to the spatial relation extraction task,but also better adapt to the original pre-training task of the language ***,Confidence Prompt can measure the confidence of candidate triplets in Link Prompt and work as a supplement to identify those easily confused examples in Link ***,we incorporate the element correlation to measure the consistency between different spatial elements,which is an effective cue for identifying the rationality of spatial *** results on the popular SpaceEval show that our DPEC significantly outperforms the SOTA baselines.

关键词： spatial relation extraction Dual-view Prompt spatial element correlation Link Prompt Confidence Prompt

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Coulomb stressing rate changes and seismicity dynamics associated with slow slip events in south-central Alaska

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2025年第2期9卷 289-308页

作者： ShanShan Li XingLei Li Bing Xu School of Geomatics Science and Technology Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing 211816China

Two long-term slow slip events(SSEs) in Lower Cook Inlet, Alaska, were identified by Li SS et al.(2016). The earlier SSE lasted at least 9 years with M_(w) ~7.8 and had an average slip rate of ~82 mm/year. The latter SSE, occurring in a similar area, lasted approximately 2 years with M_(w) ~7.2 and an average slip rate of ~91 mm/year. To test whether these SSEs triggered earthquakes near the slow slip area, we calculated the Coulomb stressing rate changes on receiver faults by using two fault geometry definitions: nodal planes of focal mechanism solutions of past earthquakes, and optimally oriented fault planes. Regions in the shallow slab(30–60 km) that experienced a significant increase in the Coulomb stressing rate due to slip by the SSEs showed an increase in seismicity rates during SSE periods. No correlation was found in the volumes that underwent a significant increase in the Coulomb stressing rate during the SSE within the crust and the intermediate slab. We modeled variations in seismicity rates by using a combination of the Coulomb stress transfer model and the framework of rate-and-state friction. Our model indicated that the SSEs increased the Coulomb stress changes on adjacent faults,thereby increasing the seismicity rates even though the ratio of the SSE stressing rate to the background stressing rate was small. Each long-term SSE in Alaska brought the megathrust updip of the SSE areas closer to failure by up to 0.1–0.15 MPa. The volumes of significant Coulomb stress changes caused by the Upper and Lower Cook Inlet SSEs did not overlap.

关键词： slow slip events Coulomb stressing rate change seismicity rate change receiver fault rate–state stress transfer model seismogenic zone megathrust failure

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Classification of the Conformally Flat Centroaffine Hypersurfaces with Vanishing Centroaffine Shape Operator

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2025年第2期46卷 163-180页

作者： Miaoxin LEI Ruiwei XU Peibiao ZHAO School of Mathematics and Statistics Nanjing University of Science and Technology School of Mathematics and Statistics Henan Normal University Corresponding author. School of Mathematics and Statistics Nanjing University of Science and Technology

Cheng-Hu-Moruz（2017） completely classified the locally strongly convex centroaffine hypersurfaces with parallel cubic form based on the Calabi product（called the type I Calabi product for short） proposed by Li-Wang（1991）.In the present paper, the authors introduce the type II Calabi product（in case λ1 =2λ2）, complementing the type I Calabi product（in case λ1 =≠ 2λ2）, and achieve a classification of the locally strongly convex centroaffine hypersurfaces in Rn+1with vanishing centroaffine shape operator and Weyl curvature tensor by virtue of the types I and II Calabi *** a corollary, 3-dimensional complete locally strongly convex centroaffine hypersurfaces with vanishing centroaffine shape operator are completely classified, which positively answers the centroaffine Bernstein problems III and V by Li-Li-Simon（2004）.

关键词： 53A15 53C24 53C42 Calabi hypersurface Calabi product Centroaffine hypersurface Centroaffine shape operator Locally conformally flat

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Why Smart Contracts Reported as Vulnerable Were Not Exploited?

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IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing 2025年第3期22卷 2579-2596页

作者： Hu, Tianyuan Li, Jingyue Li, Bixin Storhaug, André Southeast University School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing211189 China Norwegian University of Science and Technology Department of Computer Science Trondheim7034 Norway

Smart contract security is crucial for blockchain applications. While studies suggest that only a small fraction of reported vulnerabilities are exploited, no follow-up research has investigated the reasons behind this. Our goal is to understand the factors contributing to the low exploitation rate to improve vulnerability detection and defense mechanisms. We collected 136,969 real-world smart contracts and analyzed them using seven vulnerability detectors. We applied Strauss’ grounded theory to gain insights into exploitability and analyzed transaction logs to trace the historic exploitations. Among the 4,364 smart contracts flagged as vulnerable, a significant 75.25% were found to be unexploitable, meaning they were either false positives or posed no security risk. We identified ten reasons for reporting unexploitable vulnerabilities. Furthermore, we found that only 66 out of 1,080 (6%) exploitable contracts had been exploited. We compared the characteristics of exploited versus non-exploited vulnerabilities and identified five factors that may reduce the likelihood of exploitation. Our findings highlight the importance of not treating smart contracts as conventional object-oriented (OO) applications. Researchers must account for the unique features of Solidity, smart contract design principles, and execution environments. Based on these insights, we propose six recommendations to improve smart contract vulnerability detection, prioritization, and mitigation. © 2004-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Smart contract

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