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KD-Crowd:a knowledge distillation framework for learning from crowds

Frontiers of computer science 2025年第1期19卷 119-130页

作者： Shaoyuan LI Yuxiang ZHENG Ye SHI Shengjun HUANG Songcan CHEN College of Computer Science and Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsMIIT Key Laboratory of Pattern Analysis and Machine IntelligenceNanjing 211106China

Recently, crowdsourcing has established itself as an efficient labeling solution by distributing tasks to crowd workers. As the workers can make mistakes with diverse expertise, one core learning task is to estimate each worker’s expertise, and aggregate over them to infer the latent true labels. In this paper, we show that as one of the major research directions, the noise transition matrix based worker expertise modeling methods commonly overfit the annotation noise, either due to the oversimplified noise assumption or inaccurate estimation. To solve this problem, we propose a knowledge distillation framework (KD-Crowd) by combining the complementary strength of noise-model-free robust learning techniques and transition matrix based worker expertise modeling. The framework consists of two stages: in Stage 1, a noise-model-free robust student model is trained by treating the prediction of a transition matrix based crowdsourcing teacher model as noisy labels, aiming at correcting the teacher’s mistakes and obtaining better true label predictions;in Stage 2, we switch their roles, retraining a better crowdsourcing model using the crowds’ annotations supervised by the refined true label predictions given by Stage 1. Additionally, we propose one f-mutual information gain (MIG^(f)) based knowledge distillation loss, which finds the maximum information intersection between the student’s and teacher’s prediction. We show in experiments that MIG^(f) achieves obvious improvements compared to the regular KL divergence knowledge distillation loss, which tends to force the student to memorize all information of the teacher’s prediction, including its errors. We conduct extensive experiments showing that, as a universal framework, KD-Crowd substantially improves previous crowdsourcing methods on true label prediction and worker expertise estimation.

关键词： crowdsourcing label noise worker expertise knowledge distillation robust learning

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Temperature-sensitive Micelles as Artificial Chaperones for Insulin Protection

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Chinese Journal of Polymer science 2025年第2期43卷 350-359页

作者： Jia-Wen Chen Yan Xiao Mei-Dong Lang Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China

Insulin is an essential and versatile protein taking part in the control of blood glucose levels and protein ***,under prolonged storage or high temperature stress,insulin tends to unfold and aggregate into toxic amyloid fibrils,leading to loss of physiological *** by natural chaperones,a series of temperature-sensitive polycaprolactone-based micelles were designed to prevent insulin from *** micelles were fabricated through the self-assembly of amphiphilic copolymers of methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(4-diethylformamide caprolactone-co-caprolactone)(mPEG_(17)-P(DECL-co-CL)),which had a regular spherical morphology with particle sizes of about 100 *** addition,the lower critical solution temperature(LCST)of the micelles could be tuned to 9 and 29℃by changing the ratio of DECL to *** from the temperature-sensitivity of DECL segment,the binding ability of micelles to insulin could be modulated by changing the *** LCST,micelles effectively inhibited insulin aggregation and protected it from thermal inactivation due to the strong binding ability between the hydrophobic segment DECL and *** LCST,DECL segment returned to hydrophilic and bound weakly with insulin,leading to the release of insulin and assisting in its recovery of secondary ***,these temperature-sensitive micelles provided an effective strategy for insulin protection.

关键词： Temperature-sensitive Insulin Micelles Chaperones

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Preparation, interfacial regulation and strengthening of Mg/Al bimetal fabricated by compound casting: A review

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2023年第9期11卷 3059-3098页

作者： Guangyu Li Wenming Jiang Feng Guan Zheng Zhang Junlong Wang Yang Yu Zitian Fan State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die&Mould Technology School of Materials Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China

Mg/Al bimetal combines the advantages of both aluminum and magnesium and has broad application prospects in automotive, aerospace,weapons, digital products and so on. The compound casting has the characteristics of low cost, easy to achieve metallurgical combination and suitable for the preparation of complex bimetallic parts. However, bimetallic joint strength is low due to differences of physical properties between Al and Mg, oxide film on metallic surface and interfacial Al-Mg IMCs, which is closely related to the interfacial microstructure and properties. Therefore, how to control the interface of the bimetal to achieve performance enhancement is the focus and difficulty in this field. At present, there are mainly the following strengthening methods. First, the “zincate galvanizing” and “electrolytic polishing+anodic oxidation” technology were exert on the surface of Al alloy to remove and break the oxide film, which improved the wettability between Al and Mg. Second, the undesirable Al-Mg IMCs were reduce or elimination by adding the interlayers(Zn, Ni and Ni-Cu). Thirdly, the evolution process of interfacial microstructure was changed and fine strengthening phases were formed by adding Si element to Al alloy or rare earth element to Mg alloy. Fourthly, mechanical vibration and ultrasonic vibration were applied in the process of the filling and solidification to refine and homogenize the interfacial structure. Finally, some other methods, including secondary rolling, thermal modification, heat treatment and constructing exterior 3D morphology, also can be used to regulate the interfacial microstructure and compositions. The above strengthening methods can be used alone or in combination to achieve bimetallic strengthening. Finally, the future development direction of the Mg/Al bimetal is prospected, which provides some new ideas for the development and application of the Mg/Al bimetal.

关键词： Mg/Al bimetal Preparation Compound casting Interfacial regulation Interface strengthening Research progress

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An Efficient Double Up-sampling Module for Object Detection 24

An Efficient Double Up-sampling Module for Object Detection

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4th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Automation and High Performance Computing, AIAHPC 2024

作者： Yuan, Jinhao School of Computer Science Beijing Institute of Technology China

ISBN: (纸本)9798400710049

The feature pyramid is a crucial component in target detection, and an effective up-sampling structure used in FPN can significantly impact the accuracy of detection. Traditional approaches often resort to interpolation technique for up-sampling. However, this method struggles to retain crucial details embedded within intricate network architectures. To address this limitation, our study proposes a lightweight double feature up-sampling method called DUS, which integrates the benefits of channel recombination and regularization. Our proposed method was evaluated on two widely used benchmark datasets: Pascal VOC and VisDrone2019. We adopted YOLOv8 as our base model for conducting experiments under various scenarios representative of real-world applications. The experimental results demonstrate that compared to traditional interpolation up-sampling methods, the proposed approach achieves superior results without increasing model complexity obviously. © 2024 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).

关键词： Network architecture

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A comparative study of machine learning in diabetes classification: Decision trees, logistic regression, and SVM 2

A comparative study of machine learning in diabetes classifi...

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2nd International Conference on Big Data, Computational Intelligence, and Applications, BDCIA 2024

作者： Zhu, Xinglong Liao, Huitong Zhang, Tingting Zhang, Lujuan Li, Xueri Department of Computer Science Guangdong University of Science and Technology Dongguan China

ISBN: (纸本)9781510689053

As the application of computer science in healthcare continues to expand, machine learning techniques have become an important tool for disease diagnosis. In this study, we trained and predicted diabetes datasets by preprocessing, standardising and normalising the data, and then using three machine learning models, aiming to improve the accuracy of diabetes prediction and the value of clinical application. The experimental results show that these machine learning models exhibit a high degree of accuracy and reliability in the field of diabetes diagnosis, among which the SVM performs the best on normalised data, with the highest values of accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and AUC evaluation metrics, showing the good performance of the support vector machine in predicting diabetes. The decision tree model performed consistently on raw and standardised data, while the logistic regression model performed best on AUC values. This study not only verifies the effectiveness of machine learning models in diabetes prediction, but also provides clinicians with accurate diagnostic assistance, which is of significant academic and practical significance. © 2025 SPIE.

关键词： Logistic regression

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Effect of solar radiation on human thermal sensation and physiological parameters in a convection–radiation air conditioning environment

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Building Simulation 2024年第8期17卷 1359-1377页

作者： Guanyu Li Dong Liu Anjie Hu Qidong Yan Lina Ma Liu Tang Xiaozhou Wu Jun Wang Zhenyu Wang School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Southwest University of Science and TechnologyMianyang 621010China Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Healthy Human Settlement Chengdu 610065China Sichuan University Engineering Design&Research Institute Co.Ltd Chengdu 610065China School of Civil Engineering Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116081China College of Architecture and Environment Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China School of Environment and Resources Southwest University of Science and TechnologyMianyang 621010China

This study focused on the effect of glass structures of modern architecture on the indoor thermal environment during *** particular,this study examined how solar radiation significantly altered people’s thermal *** tests on convection–radiation air conditioning systems were conducted,encompassing 12 different scenarios,including diverse indoor open areas,terminal forms,and levels of solar *** tests aimed to explore the physiological and psychological responses of the human body to solar radiation penetrating through windows into the inner *** the experiments,the participants’subjective thermal sensations and thermal comfort were recorded,along with continuous monitoring of their physiological and environmental *** showed that solar radiation significantly increased local skin temperature,with a maximum rise of 2.15℃.Operative temperature is a reliable indicator of human skin temperature and thermal sensation vote(TSV).This study established two models that could predict the skin temperature of individuals indoors through operative temperature under conditions without or with solar radiation,and identified sensitive ranges of operative temperature for both models,to be specific,26.32℃to 28.43℃and 28.51℃to 34.11℃,***,this study established the relationship between skin temperature and TSV under conditions with and without solar *** results indicate that solar radiation enhances the human body’s adaptability to indoor environmental parameters;a convection–radiation system(FC+RF)could be used to optimize indoor thermal control under solar radiation,achieving more stable environmental temperatures and improved indoor comfort.

关键词： system modeling solar radiation mean skin temperature thermal comfort terminal form irradiation area

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GGX-GAN: A Generative Adversarial Network for Single-Image Material Appearance Editing with Physical Parameters 8

GGX-GAN: A Generative Adversarial Network for Single-Image M...

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8th International Conference on computer Graphics and Virtuality, ICCGV 2025

作者： Wang, Shengyao Li, Hongsong School of Computer Science Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781510689213

Material appearance editing methods based on generative adversarial network (or GAN) use perceptual parameters to control material appearance but are limited by the rating quality of training data. The data annotators were often confused by ambiguous perceptual parameters, leading to poor labeling or rating results. Instead, we choose physical parameters to achieve more interpretable and measurable material appearance editing. The image dataset rendered by a physically based renderer were used for GAN training and model validation, and the GGX BRDF model was chosen to control the glossiness of rendered objects. Then we embedded the BRDF model into the latent space of GAN and establishes a physical parameter control space of editing, allowing continuous material appearance tuning. Inverse rendering results of the images generated by the proposed GAN were analyzed to illustrate and evaluate its editing performance. It is shown that the proposed GAN can provide accurate, intuitive material appearance editing on both real-world photographs and rendered images. © 2025 SPIE.

关键词： Inverse problems

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Superconductivity in Cubic La_(3)Al with Interstitial Anionic Electrons

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Chinese Physics Letters 2025年第2期42卷 88-97页

作者： Zhijun Tu Peihan Sun Donghan Jia Huiyang Gou Kai Liu Hechang Lei School of Physics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials&MicroNano Devices Renmin University of ChinaBeijing 100872China Key Laboratory of Quantum State Construction and Manipulation(Ministry of Education) Renmin University of ChinaBeijing 100872China Department of Physics School of ScienceHebei University of Science and TechnologyShijiazhuang 050018China Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research Beijing 100193China

We observed superconductivity in a cubic La_(3)Al single crystal that exhibits metallic behavior in the normal state without an observable structural transition and enters the superconducting state below T_(c)~6.32 *** characterization and analysis indicate that cubic La_(3)Al is a bulk type-Ⅱ BCS ***,theoretical calculations show that it can host interstitial anionic electrons located at the body center of the cubic unit cell,which confirms electron-phonon coupling as the superconducting ***,cubic La_(3)Al can be considered as a novel electride superconductor.

关键词： mechanism cubic

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Interface regulation of Cu_(2)Se via Cu–Se–C bonding for superior lithium-ion batteries

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Nano Research 2023年第2期16卷 2421-2427页

作者： Kefu Zhu Shiqiang Wei Quan Zhou Shuangming Chen Yunxiang Lin Pengjun Zhang Yuyang Cao Changda Wang Yixiu Wang Yujian Xia Dengfeng Cao Zeinab Mohamed Xin Guo Xiya Yang Xiaojun Wu Li Song National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Center for Excellence in NanoscienceUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230029China Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology Anhui UniversityHefei 230601China School of Chemistry and Material Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

Transition metal selenides have aroused great attention in recent years due to their high theoretical ***,the huge volume fluctuation generated by conversion reaction during the charge/discharge process results in the significant electrochemical performance ***,the carbon-regulated copper(I)selenide(Cu_(2)Se@C)is designed to significantly promote the interface stability and ion diffusion for selenide *** systematic X-ray spectroscopies characterizations and density functional theory(DFT)simulations reveal that the Cu–Se–C bonding forming on the surface of Cu2Se not only improves the electronic conductivity of Cu_(2)Se@C but also retards the volume change during electrochemical cycling,playing a pivotal role in interface ***,the storage kinetics of Cu_(2)Se@C is mainly controlled by the capacitance process diverting from the ion diffusion-controlled process of *** employed this distinctive Cu_(2)Se@C as anode active material in Li coin cell configuration,the ultrahigh specific capacity of 810.3 mA·h·g^(−1)at 0.1 A·g^(−1)and the capacity retention of 83%after 1,500 cycles at 5 A·g^(−1)is achieved,implying the best Cu-based Li^(+)-storage capacity reported so *** strategy of heterojunction combined with chemical bonding regulation opens up a potential way for the development of advanced electrodes for battery storage systems.

关键词： Cu–Se–C bonding interface regulation lithium-ion battery X-ray absorption spectroscopy(XAS) operando synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction(SRXRD)

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3D printed silicon-based micro-lattices with ultrahigh areal/gravimetric capacities and robust structural stability for lithium-ion batteries

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Nano Research 2024年第4期17卷 2693-2703页

作者： Jie Fu Dong Wang Yan Li Xianzheng Liu Rui Zhang Zhiyuan Liu Pengdong Liu Lijuan Zhang Xuefei Li Guangwu Wen School of Materials Science and Engineering Shandong University of TechnologyZibo 255000China Shandong Si-Nano Materials Technology Co. Ltd.Zibo 255000China

Nanostructured silicon anodes have shown extraordinary lithium storage properties for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)but are usually achieved at low areal loadings(<1.5 mg·cm^(-2))with low areal *** sound electrochemical performance at high loading requires proportionally higher ion/electron currents and robust structural stability in the thicker ***,we report a three-dimensional(3D)printed silicon-graphene-carbon nanotube(3D-Si/G/C)electrode for simultaneously achieving ultrahigh areal/gravimetric capacities at high mass *** periodically arranged vertical channels and hierarchically porous filaments facilitate sufficient electrolyte infiltration and rapid ion diffusion,and the carbonaceous network provides excellent electron transport properties and mechanical integrity,thus endowing the printed 3D-Si/G/C electrode with fast electrochemical reaction kinetics and reversibility at high mass ***,the 3D-Si/G/C with high areal mass loading of 12.9 mg·cm^(-2) exhibits excellent areal capacity of 12.8 mAh·cm^(-2) and specific capacity of 1007 mAh·g^(-1),***-situ optical microscope and ex-situ scanning electron microscope(SEM)confirm that the hierarchically porous filaments with interconnected carbon skeletons effectively suppress the volume change of silicon and maintain stable micro-lattice architecture.A 3D printed 3D-Si/G/C-1||3D-LiFePO_(4)/G full cell holds excellent cyclic stability(capacity retention rate of 78%after 50 cycles)with an initial Coulombic efficiency(ICE)of 96%.This work validates the feasibility of 3D printing on constructing high mass loading silicon anode for practical high energy-density LIBs.

关键词： silicon anode areal capacity three-dimensional(3D)printing lithium-ion batteries

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