Offline handwritten formula recognition is a challenging task due to the variety of handwritten symbols and two-dimensional formula ***,the deep neural network recognizers based on the encoder-decoder frame-work have ...
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Offline handwritten formula recognition is a challenging task due to the variety of handwritten symbols and two-dimensional formula ***,the deep neural network recognizers based on the encoder-decoder frame-work have achieved great improvements on this ***,the unsatisfactory recognition performance for formulas with long LTeX strings is one shortcoming of the existing ***,lacking sufficient training data also limits the capability of these *** this paper,we design a multimodal dependence attention(MDA)module to help the model learn visual and semantic dependencies among symbols in the same formula to improve the recognition perfor-mance of the formulas with long LTeX *** alleviate overfitting and further improve the recognition performance,we also propose a new dataset,Handwritten Formula Image Dataset(HFID),which contains 25620 handwritten formula images collected from real *** conduct extensive experiments to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed MDA module and HFID dataset and achieve state-of-the-art performances,63.79%and 65.24%expression accuracy on CROHME 2014 and CROHME 2016,respectively.
The pixel-wise dense prediction tasks based on weakly supervisions currently use Class Attention Maps(CAMs)to generate pseudo masks as ***,existing methods often incorporate trainable modules to expand the immature cl...
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The pixel-wise dense prediction tasks based on weakly supervisions currently use Class Attention Maps(CAMs)to generate pseudo masks as ***,existing methods often incorporate trainable modules to expand the immature class activation maps,which can result in significant computational overhead and complicate the training *** this work,we investigate the semantic structure information concealed within the CNN network,and propose a semantic structure aware inference(SSA)method that utilizes this information to obtain high-quality CAM without any additional training ***,the semantic structure modeling module(SSM)is first proposed to generate the classagnostic semantic correlation representation,where each item denotes the affinity degree between one category of objects and all the ***,the immature CAM are refined through a dot product operation that utilizes semantic structure ***,the polished CAMs from different backbone stages are fused as the *** advantage of SSA lies in its parameter-free nature and the absence of additional training costs,which makes it suitable for various weakly supervised pixel-dense prediction *** conducted extensive experiments on weakly supervised object localization and weakly supervised semantic segmentation,and the results confirm the effectiveness of SSA.
Solid-state batteries with solid polymer electrolytes are considered the most promising due to their high energy density and safety ***,their development is hindered by the limitations of polymer electrolytes,such as ...
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Solid-state batteries with solid polymer electrolytes are considered the most promising due to their high energy density and safety ***,their development is hindered by the limitations of polymer electrolytes,such as low ionic conductivity,poor mechanical strength and inadequate fire *** study presents a thin polyvinylidene fluoride-based composite solid electrolyte film(25μm incorporating twodimensional modified lipophilic lithium magnesium silicate(LLS)as additives with good *** incorporation of LLS promotes grain refinement in polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF),enhances the densification of electrolyte films,increases the tensile strength to10.42 MPa and the elongation to 251.58%,improves ion transport interfac e,and facilitates uniform deposition of lithium ***,LLS demonstrates strong adsorption ability,promoting the formation of solvated molecules,resulting in high ionic conductivity(2.07×10^(-4)S·cm^(-1)at 30℃)and a stable lithium/electrolyte *** Li//Li cells assembled with the thin composite electrolytes exhibit stable cycling for2000 h at 0.1 mA·cm^(-2)and 0.05 mAh·cm^(-2).Additionally,the LiFePO_(4)//Li battery shows a capacity retention rate of99.9%after 200 cycles at 0.5C and room temperature.
As humans and robots work closer together than ever,anthropomorphic robotic arms with intuitive human-robot interaction interfaces have drawn massive attention to improving the quality of robot-assisted *** pursuit of...
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As humans and robots work closer together than ever,anthropomorphic robotic arms with intuitive human-robot interaction interfaces have drawn massive attention to improving the quality of robot-assisted *** pursuit of this,we designed a dedicated 7-degrees-of-freedom(DoF)anthropomorphic robotic arm having three compact differential joints and a head-mounted gaze tracker enabling head-pose-tracked 3D gaze ***,two key challenges were addressed to achieve accurate robot-assisted manipulation of the object indicated by the direction of human ***,a novel predictive pupil feature was proposed for 3D gaze *** from most existing features subjected to the common paraxial approximation assumption,the proposed novel predictive pupil feature considered the light refraction at two corneal surfaces with a more realistic eye model,significantly improving the 3D gaze estimation accuracy when the eyeball rotates at large ***,a novel optimization-based approach was developed to efficiently compensate for the posture errors of the designed 7-DoF anthropomorphic robotic arm for accurate *** with the existing Jacobian-based or optimization-based approaches with nominal joint values as iteration initial,the proposed approach computed the optimal iteration initial and realized faster convergence for real-time posture error *** the posture error compensation in real time and 3D gaze estimated accurately,the human can command accurate robot-assisted manipulation using his eyes *** proposed system was successfully tested on five healthy subjects.
Implementing quantum wireless multi-hop network communication is essential to improve the global quantum network system. In this paper, we employ eight-level GHZ states as quantum channels to realize multi-hop quantum...
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Implementing quantum wireless multi-hop network communication is essential to improve the global quantum network system. In this paper, we employ eight-level GHZ states as quantum channels to realize multi-hop quantum communication, and utilize the logical relationship between the measurements of each node to derive the unitary operation performed by the end node. The hierarchical simultaneous entanglement switching(HSES) method is adopted, resulting in a significant reduction in the consumption of classical information compared to multi-hop quantum teleportation(QT)based on general simultaneous entanglement switching(SES). In addition, the proposed protocol is simulated on the IBM Quantum Experiment platform(IBM QE). Then, the data obtained from the experiment are analyzed using quantum state tomography, which verifies the protocol's good fidelity and accuracy. Finally, by calculating fidelity, we analyze the impact of four different types of noise(phase-damping, amplitude-damping, phase-flip and bit-flip) in this protocol.
Stroke is a chronic cerebrovascular disease that carries a high *** risk assessment is of great significance in preventing,reversing and reducing the spread and the health hazards caused by *** to objectively predict ...
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Stroke is a chronic cerebrovascular disease that carries a high *** risk assessment is of great significance in preventing,reversing and reducing the spread and the health hazards caused by *** to objectively predict and identify strokes,this paper proposes a new stroke risk assessment decision-making model named Logistic-AdaBoost(Logistic-AB)based on machine ***,the categorical boosting(CatBoost)method is used to perform feature selection for all features of stroke,and 8 main features are selected to form a new index evaluation system to predict the risk of ***,the borderline synthetic minority oversampling technique(SMOTE)algorithm is applied to transform the unbalanced stroke dataset into a balanced ***,the stroke risk assessment decision-makingmodel Logistic-AB is constructed,and the overall prediction performance of this new model is evaluated by comparing it with ten other similar *** comparison results show that the new model proposed in this paper performs better than the two single algorithms(logistic regression and AdaBoost)on the four indicators of recall,precision,F1 score,and accuracy,and the overall performance of the proposed model is better than that of common machine learning *** Logistic-AB model presented in this paper can more accurately predict patients’stroke risk.
As the device complexity keeps increasing,the blockchain networks have been celebrated as the cornerstone of numerous prominent platforms owing to their ability to provide distributed and immutable ledgers and data-dr...
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As the device complexity keeps increasing,the blockchain networks have been celebrated as the cornerstone of numerous prominent platforms owing to their ability to provide distributed and immutable ledgers and data-driven autonomous *** distributed consensus algorithm is the core component that directly dictates the performance and properties of blockchain ***,the inherent characteristics of the shared wireless medium,such as fading,interference,and openness,pose significant challenges to achieving consensus within these networks,especially in the presence of malicious jamming *** cope with the severe consensus problem,in this paper,we present a distributed jamming-resilient consensus algorithm for blockchain networks in wireless environments,where the adversary can jam the communication channel by injecting jamming *** on a non-binary slight jamming model,we propose a distributed four-stage algorithm to achieve consensus in the wireless blockchain network,including leader election,leader broadcast,leader aggregation,and leader announcement *** high probability,we prove that our jamming-resilient algorithm can ensure the validity,agreement,termination,and total order properties of consensus with the time complexity of O(n).Both theoretical analyses and empirical simulations are conducted to verify the consistency and efficiency of our algorithm.
Membrane fouling inevitably occurs during nanofluidic reverse ***,the impact of multi-fouling on the energy conversion performance of negatively charged conical nanochannels under asymmetrical configurations is system...
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Membrane fouling inevitably occurs during nanofluidic reverse ***,the impact of multi-fouling on the energy conversion performance of negatively charged conical nanochannels under asymmetrical configurations is systematically *** results reveal that in Configuration I,where a high-concentration solution is applied at the tip side,at small concentration ratios,multiple foulings reduce the electric *** Configuration II,where a low-concentration solution is applied at the tip side,multiple foulings near the base side contribute to the electric *** fouling that formed near the lowconcentration entrance diminished the electric power and energy conversion ***-fouling lowered the electrical power consumption by 69.27%and 99.94%in Configurations I and II,*** Configuration I,the electric power first increased with increasing fouling surface charge density,reached its maximum value,and thereafter *** Configuration II,the electric power first decreased with increasing fouling surface charge density,reached its minimum value,and thereafter *** negative or positive charge densities of fouling contribute to the electric power and energy conversion efficiency.
Weld seam detection is an important part of automated *** present,few studies have been conducted on annular weld seams,and a lot of defects exist in the point cloud model of the tube sheet obtained by RGB-D cameras a...
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Weld seam detection is an important part of automated *** present,few studies have been conducted on annular weld seams,and a lot of defects exist in the point cloud model of the tube sheet obtained by RGB-D cameras and photography *** at the above problems,this paper proposed an annular weld seam detection network named WeldNet where a voxel feature encoding layer was adaptively improved for annular weld seams,the sparse convolutional network and region proposal network(RPN)were used to detect annular weld seam position,and an annular weld seam detection loss function was ***,an annular weld seam dataset was established to train the *** with the random sampling consistency(RANSAC)method,WeldNet has a higher detection accuracy,as well as a higher detection success rate which has increased by 23%.Compared with U-Net,WeldNet has been proven to achieve a better detection result,and the intersection over the union of the weld seam detection is improved by 17.8%.
Full-Stokes polarimeters can detect the polarization states of light,which is critical for the next-generation optical and optoelectronic *** full-Stokes polarimeters are either based on bulky optical systems or compl...
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Full-Stokes polarimeters can detect the polarization states of light,which is critical for the next-generation optical and optoelectronic *** full-Stokes polarimeters are either based on bulky optical systems or complex metasurface structures,which cause the system complexity with unessential energy ***,filterless on-chip full-Stokes polarimeters have been demonstrated by using optical anisotropic materials which are able to detect the circularly polarized ***,those on-chip full-Stokes polarimeters have either the limited detection wavelength range or relatively poor device performance that need to be further ***,we report the high performance broadband full-Stokes polarimeters based on rhenium disulfide(ReS_(2)).While the anisotropic structure of the ReS_(2)introduces the in-plane optical anisotropy for linearly polarized light(LP)detection,Schottky contacts formed by the ReS_(2)-Au could break the symmetry,which can detect circularly polarized(CP)*** building a proper model,all four Stokes parameters can be extracted by using the ReS_(2)nanobelt *** device delivers a photoresponsivity of 181 A/W,a detectivity of 6.8×10^(10)Jones and can sense the four Stokes parameters of incident light within a wide range of wavelength from 565-800 nm with reasonable average *** believe our study provides an alternative strategy to develop high performance broadband on-chip full-Stokes polarimeters.
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