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Duplication, Redundancy, and Similarity in Software 2006

作者： Walenstein, Andrew Cordy, Jim Evans, Will Hassan, Ahmed Kamiya, Toshihiro Kapser, Cory Merlo, Ettore University of Louisiana at Lafayette Center for Advanced Computer Studies P.O. Box 44330 LafayetteLA70504-4330 United States Queen's University School of Computing KingstonONK7L 3N6 Canada University of British Columbia Department of Computer Science 201-2366 Main Mall VancouverBCV6T 1Z4 Canada University of Victoria Electrical and Computer Engineering Engineering Office Wing 315 P.O. Box 3055 VictoriaBCV8W 3P6 Canada Information Technology Research Institute Ubiquitous Software Group University of Waterloo David R. Cheriton School of Computer Science WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada C.P. 6079 Succ. Centre Ville MontréalQCH3C 3A7 Canada

This report summarizes the proceedings of a workshop discussion session presentation and visualization of aspects relating to duplicated, copied, or cloned code. The main outcomes of the working session were: (a) a realization that two researchers had independently generated very similar methods for browsing and visualization clone "clusters", and (b) a list of questions for visualization, particularly in relation to how the "proximity" of clones may relate to interest in the clone. © Duplication, Redundancy, and Similarity in Software *** rights reserved.

关键词： Visualization

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Similarity in Programs

Similarity in Programs

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Duplication, Redundancy, and Similarity in Software 2006

作者： Walenstein, Andrew El-Ramly, Mohammad Cordy, James R. Evans, William Mahdavi, Kiarash Pizka, Markus Ramalingam, Ganesan von Gudenberg, Jürgen Wolff Kamiya, Toshihiro University of Louisiana at Lafayette Center for Advanced Computer Studies P.O. Box 44330 LafayetteLA70504-4330 United States University of Leicester Department of Computer Science University Road LeicesterLE1 7RH United Kingdom Queen's University School of Computing KingstonONK7L 3N6 Canada University of British Columbia Dept. of Computer Science 2366 Main Mall VancouverBCV6T 1Z4 Canada King's College London Department of Computer Science Strand LondonWC2R 2LS United Kingdom Technische Universität München Institut für Informatik Boltzmannstr. Garching3 85748 Germany Microsoft Research India 196/36 2nd Main Sadashivnagar Bangalore560 080 India Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Lehrstuhl für Informatik II Am Hubland WürzburgD-97074 Germany Information Technology Research Institute Ubiquitous Software Group

An overview of the concept of program similarity is presented. It divides similarity into two types-syntactic and semantic-and provides a review of eight categories of methods that may be used to measure program similarity. A summary of some applications of these methods is included. The paper is intended to be a starting point for a more comprehensive analysis of the subject of similarity in programs, which is critical to understand if progress is to be made in fields such as clone detection. © Duplication, Redundancy, and Similarity in Software *** rights reserved.

关键词： Semantics

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Cognitive and learning difficulties and how they affect access to IT systems

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Universal Access in the Information Society 2007年第4期5卷 329-339页

作者： Keates, Simeon Adams, Ray Bodine, Cathy Czaja, Sara Gordon, Wayne Gregor, Peter Hacker, Emily Hanson, Vicki Kemp, John Laff, Mark Lewis, Clayton Pieper, Michael Richards, John Rose, David Savidis, Anthony Schultz, Greg Snayd, Paul Trewin, Shari Varker, Philip ITA Software Cambridge USA Collaborative International Research Centre for Universal Access (CIRCUA) School of Computing Science Middlesex University Hendon UK Assistive Technology Partners Department of Rehabilitation Medicine University of Colorado Health Sciences Center Denver USA Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences University of Miami School of Medicine Miami USA Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Mt Sinai School of Medicine One Gustave L. Levy Place New York USA Applied Computing University of Dundee Dundee Scotland Division of Employment Training Education & Youth Services F.E.G.S. New York USA IBM T.J. Watson Research Center Hawthorne USA Powers Pyles Sutter & Verville P.C. Washington USA Coleman Institute for Cognitive Disabilities University of Colorado Boulder USA Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Information Technology FIT Sankt Augustin Germany CAST Wakefiel USA Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH) Institute of Computer Science Heraklion Greece IBM Human Ability and Accessibility Center Hawthorne USA

In October 2005, the IBM Human Ability and Accessibility center and T.J. Watson Research center hosted a symposium on “cognitive and learning difficulties and how they affect access to IT systems”. The central premise of the symposium was the recognition that cognitive and learning difficulties have a profound impact on a person’s ability to interact with information technology (IT) systems, but that little support is currently being offered by those systems. By bringing together internationally renowned experts from a variety of different, but complementary, research fields, the symposium aimed to provide a complete overview of the issues related to this topic. This paper summarises the discussions and findings of the symposium.

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Privacy-Preserving Distance Measurement and Its Applications

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电子学报(英文版) 2006年第2期15卷 237-241页

作者： LUO Yonglong HUANG Liusheng CHEN Guoliang SHEN Hong Department of Computer Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230037 China Department of Computer Science Anhui Normal University Wuhu 241000 China National High Performance Computing Center at Hefei Hefei 230027 China Graduate School of Information Science Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Ishikawa Japan

Distance measurement is widely used in many computations. The known methods usually require one to know the whole data of the engaged objects, they aren't fit for the situation where the concerned data objects belong to different users and no user is willing to disclose his information to other users. In this paper, the privacy-preserving distance measurement is studied. The multiplication problem is first proposed and the multiplication protocol is developed based on the Pallier's homomorphic encryption schemes. A general distance measure protocol and an efficient two dimensional distance protocol are presented respectively. In the proposed solutions, secure multi-party computation techniques are adopted instead of a third party as used in the known methods. Our method proves to be secure and efficient and their applications are also discussed.

关键词：距离测量私密性标量积同行密码

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Cognitive and learning difficulties and how they affect access to IT systems

Cognitive and learning difficulties and how they affect acce...

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作者： Keates, Simeon Adams, Ray Bodine, Cathy Czaja, Sara Gordon, Wayne Gregor, Peter Hacker, Emily Hanson, Vicki Kemp, John Laff, Mark Lewis, Clayton Pieper, Michael Richards, John Rose, David Savidis, Anthony Schultz, Greg Snayd, Paul Trewin, Shari Varker, Philip ITA Software 141 Portland Street Cambridge MA 02139 United States IBM T.J. Watson Research Center 19 Skyline Drive Hawthorne NY 10532 United States School of Computing Science Middlesex University Ravensfield House The Burroughs London NW4 4BT United Kingdom Assistive Technology Partners Department of Rehabilitation Medicine University of Colorado Health Sciences Center 1245 E. Colfax Avenue Denver CO 80218 United States Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences University of Miami School of Medicine 1695 N.W. 9th Avenue Miami FL 33136 United States Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Mt Sinai School of Medicine One Gustave L. Levy Place New York NY 10029 United States Applied Computing University of Dundee Dundee DD1 4HN United Kingdom Division of Employment Training Education and Youth Services F.E.G.S. 315 Hudson Street New York NY 10013 United States Powers Pyles Sutter and Verville P.C. 1875 'Eye' Street N.W. Washington DC United States Coleman Institute for Cognitive Disabilities University of Colorado 4001 Discovery Drive Boulder CO 80303 United States Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Information Technology FIT Schloss Birlinghoven 53754 Sankt Augustin Germany CAST 40 Harvard Mills Square Wakefiel MA 01880-3233 United States Institute of Computer Science 70013 Heraklion Crete Greece IBM Human Ability and Accessibility Center 19 Skyline Drive Hawthorne NY 10532 United States

In October 2005, the IBM Human Ability and Accessibility center and T.J. Watson Research center hosted a symposium on "cognitive and learning difficulties and how they affect access to IT systems". The central premise of the symposium was the recognition that cognitive and learning difficulties have a profound impact on a person's ability to interact with information technology (IT) systems, but that little support is currently being offered by those systems. By bringing together internationally renowned experts from a variety of different, but complementary, research fields, the symposium aimed to provide a complete overview of the issues related to this topic. This paper summarises the discussions and findings of the symposium. © Springer-Verlag 2007.

关键词： Technical presentations

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Service-oriented infrastructure for collaborative product design in ETO enterprises

Service-oriented infrastructure for collaborative product de...

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2006 10th International Conference on computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design, CSCWD 2006

作者： Zhongjie, Wang Dechen, Zhan Xiaofei, Xu Research Center of Intelligent Computing of Enterprises School of Computer Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China

ISBN: (纸本)1424401658

Engineer-to-Order (ETO) products have some unique characteristics on their production process and supply chain models. These characteristics require that their design process should not only export product structure and production procedure information, but also consider other objectives, e.g., feasibility of production planning, cost, quality, service, etc. Different roles, including Customers, suppliers, and related departments in ETO enterprises, should be integrated closely for frequent collaborations by exchanging mass of data during design process. To address this issue, in this paper we introduce a web service based infrastructure for ETO product collaborative design, in which related product design systems, e.g., CAD, CAPP and PDM, and related business information systems, e.g., ERP, are all partially encapsulated as basic web services, and according to several primitive service interoperability patterns, these services are collaborated together to realize data and process integration with the aid of Enterprise Service Bus (ESB), consequently forms an integrated design ecosystem, to improve design efficiency for ETO products. © 2006 IEEE.

关键词： computer supported cooperative work

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Recognize color face images using complex Eigenfaces

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International Conference on Biometrics, ICB 2006

作者： Yang, Jian Zhang, David Xu, Yong Yang, Jing-Yu Department of Computing Hong Kong Polytechnic University Kowloon Hong Kong Bio-Computing Research Center Shenzhen Graduate School Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen China Department of Computer Science Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China

ISBN: (纸本)3540311114

A strategy of color image based human face representation is first proposed. Then, based on this representation, complex Eigenfaces technique is developed for facial feature extraction. Finally, we test our idea using the AR face database. The experimental result demonstrates that the proposed color image based complex Eigenfaces method is more robust to illumination variations than the traditional grayscale image based Eigenfaces. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005.

关键词： Face recognition

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Analysis and Experiments on Two Linear Discriminant Analysis Methods

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工程科学（英文版） 2006年第3期4卷 37-47页

作者： Xu Yong Jin Zhong Yang Jingyu Tang Zhengmin Zhao Yingnan Bio-Computing Research Center and Shenzhen Graduate School Harbin Institute of TechnologyShenzhen 518055 Department of Computer Science ＆ Technology Nanjing University of Science ＆ Technology Nanjing 210094 College of Physics Science ＆ Information Engineering Jishou University Jishou 416000

Foley-Sammon linear discriminant analysis (FSLDA) and uncorrelated linear discriminant analysis (ULDA) are two well-known kinds of linear discriminant analysis. Both ULDA and FSLDA search the kth discriminant vector in an n-k+1 dimensional subspace, while they are subject to their respective constraints. Evidenced by strict demonstration, it is clear that in essence ULDA vectors are the covariance-orthogonal vectors of the corresponding eigen-equation. So, the algorithms for the covariance-orthogonal vectors are equivalent to the original algorithm of ULDA, which is time-consuming. Also, it is first revealed that the Fisher criterion value of each FSLDA vector must be not less than that of the corresponding ULDA vector by theory analysis. For a discriminant vector, the larger its Fisher criterion value is, the more powerful in discriminability it is. So, for FSLDA vectors, corresponding to larger Fisher criterion values is an advantage. On the other hand, in general any two feature components extracted by FSLDA vectors are statistically correlated with each other, which may make the discriminant vectors set at a disadvantageous position. In contrast to FSLDA vectors, any two feature components extracted by ULDA vectors are statistically uncorrelated with each other. Two experiments on CENPARMI handwritten numeral database and ORL database are performed. The experimental results are consistent with the theory analysis on Fisher criterion values of ULDA vectors and FSLDA vectors. The experiments also show that the equivalent algorithm of ULDA, presented in this paper, is much more efficient than the original algorithm of ULDA, as the theory analysis expects. Moreover, it appears that if there is high statistical correlation between feature components extracted by FSLDA vectors, FSLDA will not perform well, in spite of larger Fisher criterion value owned by every FSLDA vector. However, when the average correlation coefficient of feature components extracted by FSLDA ve

关键词： Fisher判据 Foley-Sammon线性判别分析相关系数不相关线性判别分析判别向量

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TWO-DIMENSIONAL TECHNIQUE FOR IMAGE PRESENTATION AND ITS APPLICATION

TWO-DIMENSIONAL TECHNIQUE FOR IMAGE PRESENTATION AND ITS APP...

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2006 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics(IEEE第五届机器学习与控制论坛)

作者： ZHEN-MIN TANG CHUN-XIA ZHAO YONG XU JING-YU YANG Bio-computing Research Center Shenzhen Graduate School Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen 51 Department of computer science & technology Nanjing University of Science & Technology Nanjing 210

In contrast with PCA, the two-dimension presentation technique (TDP) developed recently is very efficient. With TDP, we can easily extract feature vectors of an image matrix by projecting the image matrix rather than the corresponding vector onto projecting axes. In this paper, we present complete properties of TDP in detail and the property of decorrelation associated with TDP is originally revealed. The differences and similarities between TDP and PCA are also analyzed and presented. Furthermore, Local-TDP approach is proposed to perform face recognition. Local-TDP aims to draw local characteristic of face images. Especially, Local-TDP appears to be beneficial to weaken the side effect on face recognition of varying imaging conditions. The possible reason is that the varying imaging conditions mainly bring strong difference for parts of the image, while the influence on other parts is *** a result, the similarity between the extracted local features of two face images of one individual may become larger in comparison with holistic features of face images. The conducted experiment also indicates that Local-TDP is competent for extracting invariant features of face images with varying illumination.

关键词： PCA correlation coefficient uncorrelated features reconstruction error

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LOCAL CORRELATION CLASSIFICATION AND ITS APPLICATION TO FACE RECOGNITION ACROSS ILLUMINATION

LOCAL CORRELATION CLASSIFICATION AND ITS APPLICATION TO FACE...

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2006 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics(IEEE第五届机器学习与控制论坛)

作者： YONG XU YU-JIE ZHENG JING-YU YANG ZHONG JIN Bio-computing Research Center Shenzhen Graduate School Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen 51 Department of computer science & technology Nanjing University of Science & Technology Nanjing 210

In this paper, a real face image is regarded as the result of adding the so-called "standard" face image under an ideal illumination condition to the corresponding "error image", which reflects the imaging difference between the real illumination and the ideal illumination. Furthermore, based on two propositions, we infer that for two images of the same face the correlation between two corresponding areas of the two images will be great enough, while the one between two corresponding areas of two face images of two different individuals will be low. From the viewpoint, a classification algorithm, which is based on a specific definition of correlation between two image areas, is developed. It is computationally tractable and may be regarded as one normalization *** from other normalization methods, this algorithm need not explicitly normalize one face image. The experiment shows that the algorithm is efficient and very excellent for categorizing frontal faces with varying illuminations.

关键词： Face recognition varying illuminations PCA local correlation classification

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