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International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE)

作者： Zhen Li Ning Wang Deqing Zou Yating Li Ruqian Zhang Shouhuai Xu Chao Zhang Hai Jin National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System Lab Hubei Key Laboratory of Distributed System Security Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security Cluster and Grid Computing Lab School of Cyber Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China Jin YinHu Laboratory Wuhan China Department of Computer Science University of Colorado Colorado Springs Colorado Springs Colorado USA Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace Tsinghua University Beijing China School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China

ISBN: (数字)9798400702174

ISBN: (纸本)9798350382143

Software vulnerabilities are a major cyber threat and it is important to detect them. One important approach to detecting vulnerabilities is to use deep learning while treating a program function as a whole, known as function-level vulnerability detectors. However, the limitation of this approach is not understood. In this paper, we investigate its limitation in detecting one class of vulnerabilities known as inter-procedural vulnerabilities, where the to-be-patched statements and the vulnerability-triggering statements belong to different functions. For this purpose, we create the first Inter -Procedural Vulnerability Dataset (InterPVD) based on C/C++ open-source software, and we propose a tool dubbed VulTrigger for identifying vulnerability-triggering statements across functions. Experimental results show that VulTrigger can effectively identify vulnerability-triggering statements and inter-procedural vulnerabilities. Our findings include: (i) inter-procedural vulnerabilities are prevalent with an average of 2.8 inter-procedural layers; and (ii) function-level vulner-ability detectors are much less effective in detecting to-be-patched functions of inter-procedural vulnerabilities than detecting their counterparts of intra-procedural vulnerabilities.

关键词： Deep learning Detectors Open source software Software engineering

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Research on Optimization of Nuclear Power Security DCS Gateway Encryption Communication Based on OPC UA Protocol 9th

Research on Optimization of Nuclear Power Security DCS Gatew...

引用

9th International Conference on Energy Engineering and Environmental Engineering, ICEEEE 2022

作者： Zhou, Pengjun Chen, Zhi Jiang, Wei Liu, Jie Zhang, Yan Zhong, Ke Wu, Zhiqiang School of Computer Science University of South China Hengyang421200 China Nuclear Power Institute of China Chengdu610000 China Intelligent Equipment Software Evaluation Engineering Technology Research Center of Hunan Hengyang China CNNC Key Laboratory on High Trusted Computing Hunan Hengyang China

ISBN: (纸本)9783031302329

Nuclear power safety grade DCS gateway is an important hub for information transmission between safety grade equipment and non-safety grade equipment, and its security is very important in the transmission process. At present, the communication protocol used by the Chinese nuclear power security grade DCS gateway does not use data encryption in the data transmission process. However, the signature certificate, user authentication, access control and data encryption transmission of OPC UA protocol have more advantages in ensuring the data security of nuclear power security grade DCS gateway, which helps to meet the technical requirements for nuclear power security grade DCS information security. Based on the cryptography theory, this paper analyzes the security and efficiency of the original RSA encryption algorithm of the OPC UA protocol, and concludes that the encryption efficiency of the RSA algorithm is poor, which leads to the application of the OPC UA protocol to the nuclear power security grade DCS gateway communication process can not meet the time requirements of data transmission, so it is necessary to optimize and improve the communication process of the OPC UA protocol applied to the nuclear power security grade DCS gateway. This paper optimizes and improves the encryption transmission in the communication process of the nuclear power security grade DCS gateway of OPC UA protocol, and proposes a hybrid encryption algorithm of SM2 and AES to replace the original encryption method in OPC UA protocol. Through experiments, it proves that the communication optimization method improves the communication efficiency of the original protocol, and achieves the efficiency index of nuclear power security grade DCS gateway for data transmission. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Nuclear energy

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Feature Rotation Invariance Learning for Point Cloud Analysis 10

Feature Rotation Invariance Learning for Point Cloud Analysi...

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10th IEEE Smart World Congress, SWC 2024

作者： Shi, Lu Cao, Qi Zhang, Guoqing Yi, Jin Huang, Yansen Cen, Yigang Beijing Jiaotong University State Key Laboratory of Advanced Rail Autonomous Operation The School of Computer Science and Technology Visual Intellgence +X International Cooperation Joint Laboratory of Moe Beijing100044 China University of Glasgow The School of Computing Science 567739 Singapore Beijing Jiaotong University With the Key Laboratory of Big Data & Artificial Intelligence in Transportation Ministry of Education The State Key Laboratory of Advanced Rail Autonomous Operation The School of Computer and Information Technology Beijing100044 China Guizhou University Guizhou Lianjian Civil Engineering Quality Testing Monitoring Center Co. Ltd The College of Civil Engineering Guizhou550025 China

ISBN: (纸本)9798331520861

While deep learning has significantly advanced point cloud analysis, extracting effective features from their disordered structure remains challenging. Existing approaches often rely on complex network architectures or manual feature engineering to achieve rotation invariance, which increases inference latency. This paper offers a novel perspective on this challenge, showing that rotation-sensitive models can achieve performance comparable to rotation-invariant models when trained with rotation-augmented data. Given the significant differences in the feature distributions of rotation-sensitive and rotation-invariant models, we propose Feature Rotation Invariance Learning (FRIL), a framework that leverages Distance Metric Learning and rotation-based constraints to help rotation-sensitive models extract rotation-invariant features. This approach eliminates the need for additional modules, enabling robust performance against rotations. Extensive experiments demonstrate that FRIL consistently outperforms existing rotation-invariant methods across various visual tasks. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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Target Detection in ISAC Systems with Active RISs: A Multi-Perspective Observation Approach

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Zhang, Shoushuo Liu, Rang Li, Ming Wang, Wei Liu, Qian School of Information and Communication Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian116024 China Center for Pervasive Communications and Computing University of California IrvineCA92697 United States School of Computer Science and Technology Dalian University of Technology Dalian116024 China

Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) has emerged as a transformative technology for 6G networks, enabling the seamless integration of communication and sensing functionalities. Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS), with their capability to adaptively reconfigure the radio environment, have shown significant potential in enhancing communication quality and enabling advanced cooperative sensing. This paper investigates a multi-RIS-assisted ISAC system and introduces a novel multi-perspective observation framework that leverages the diversity of multiple observation paths, each exhibiting distinct spatial, delay, and Doppler characteristics for both target and clutter. The proposed framework integrates symbol-level precoding (SLP) and space-time adaptive processing (STAP) to fully exploit the benefits of multi-perspective observations, enabling superior target-clutter separation and significantly improving detection accuracy. The objective is to jointly design the transmit waveform, reflection coefficients of multiple active RISs, and spatial-temporal receive filters to maximize the radar output signal-to-clutter-plus-noise ratio (SCNR) for target detection, while ensuring the quality-of-service (QoS) requirements of communication users. To address the resulting non-convex optimization problem, an effective iterative algorithm is developed, combining fractional programming (FP), majorization-minimization (MM), and the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). Extensive simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed multi-perspective observation strategy, demonstrating its advantages in improving target detection performance in challenging environments. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Space time adaptive processing

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Low Range-Doppler Sidelobe ISAC Waveform Design: A Low-Complexity Approach

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IEEE Transactions on Vehicular technology 2025年

作者： Li, Peishi Li, Ming Liu, Rang Liu, Qian Swindlehurst, A. Lee Dalian University of Technology School of Information and Communication Engineering Dalian116024 China University of California Center for Pervasive Communications and Computing IrvineCA92697 United States Dalian University of Technology School of Computer Science and Technology Dalian116024 China

Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) is a pivotal enabler for next-generation wireless networks. A key challenge in ISAC systems lies in designing dual-functional waveforms that can achieve satisfactory radar sensing accuracy by effectively suppressing range-Doppler sidelobes. However, existing solutions are often computationally intensive, limiting their practicality in multi-input multi-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) ISAC deployments. This paper presents a novel low-complexity algorithm leveraging the augmented Lagrangian method (ALM) and Riemannian conjugate gradient (RCG) optimization techniques to address these challenges. The proposed algorithm achieves superior sidelobe suppression compared to state-of-the-art methods while dramatically reducing computational complexity, making it highly suitable for real-world MIMO-OFDM ISAC systems. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach not only outperforms existing benchmarks in sidelobe reduction but also accelerates convergence, ensuring efficient performance across communication and sensing tasks. © 1967-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing

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M3CoT: A Novel Benchmark for Multi-Domain Multi-step Multi-modal Chain-of-Thought

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Chen, Qiguang Qin, Libo Zhang, Jin Chen, Zhi Xu, Xiao Che, Wanxiang Research Center for Social Computing and Information Retrieval Harbin Institute of Technology China School of Computer Science and Engineering Central South University China Shanghai AI Laboratory China

Multi-modal Chain-of-Thought (MCoT) requires models to leverage knowledge from both textual and visual modalities for step-by-step reasoning, which gains increasing attention. Nevertheless, the current MCoT benchmark still faces some challenges: (1) absence of visual modal reasoning, (2) single-step visual modal reasoning, and (3) Domain missing, thereby hindering the development of MCoT. Motivated by this, we introduce a novel benchmark (M3CoT) to address the above challenges, advancing the multi-domain, multi-step, and multi-modal CoT. Additionally, we conduct a thorough evaluation involving abundant MCoT approaches on Vision Large Language Models (VLLMs). In addition, we highlight that the current VLLMs still struggle to correctly reason in M3CoT and there remains a large gap between existing VLLMs and human performance in M3CoT, despite their superior results on previous MCoT benchmarks. To our knowledge, we take the first meaningful step toward the multi-domain, multi-step, and multi-modal scenario in MCoT. We hope that M3CoT can serve as a valuable resource, providing a pioneering foundation in multi-domain, multi-step, multi-modal chain-of-thought research. © 2024, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Benchmarking

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Way to Specialist: Closing Loop Between Specialized LLM and Evolving Domain Knowledge Graph

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2024年

作者： Zhang, Yutong Chen, Lixing Li, Shenghong Cao, Nan Shi, Yang Ding, Jiaxin Qu, Zhe Zhou, Pan Bai, Yang Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Cyber Science and Engineering Shanghai China Shanghai Jiao Tong University Institute of Cyber Science and Engineering Shanghai China Tongji University College of Design and Innovation Shanghai China Shanghai Jiao Tong University John Hopcroft Center for Computer Science Shanghai China Central South University School of Computer Science and Engineering Hunan Changsha China Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Cyber Science and Engineering Hubei Wuhan China Shanghai Jiao Tong University Department of Automation Shanghai China

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional performance across a wide variety of domains. Nonetheless, generalist LLMs continue to fall short in reasoning tasks necessitating specialized knowledge. Prior investigations into specialized LLMs focused on domain-specific training, which entails substantial efforts in domain data acquisition and model parameter fine-tuning. To address these challenges, this paper proposes the Way-to-Specialist (WTS) framework, which synergizes retrieval-augmented generation with knowledge graphs (KGs) to enhance the specialized capability of LLMs in the absence of specialized training. In distinction to existing paradigms that merely utilize external knowledge from general KGs or static domain KGs to prompt LLM for enhanced domain-specific reasoning, WTS proposes an innovative "LLMKG" paradigm, which achieves bidirectional enhancement between specialized LLM and domain knowledge graph (DKG). The proposed paradigm encompasses two closely coupled components: the DKG-Augmented LLM and the LLM-Assisted DKG Evolution. The former retrieves question-relevant domain knowledge from DKG and uses it to prompt LLM to enhance the reasoning capability for domain-specific tasks;the latter leverages LLM to generate new domain knowledge from processed tasks and use it to evolve DKG. WTS closes the loop between DKG-Augmented LLM and LLM-Assisted DKG Evolution, enabling continuous improvement in the domain specialization as it progressively answers and learns from domain-specific questions. We validate the performance of WTS on 6 datasets spanning 5 domains. The experimental results show that WTS surpasses the previous SOTA in 4 specialized domains and achieves a maximum performance improvement of 11.3%. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Knowledge graph

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Tri-timescale Beamforming Design for Tri-hybrid Architectures with Reconfigurable Antennas

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Liu, Mengzhen Li, Ming Liu, Rang Liu, Qian School of Information and Communication Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian116024 China Center for Pervasive Communications and Computing University of California IrvineCA92697 United States School of Computer Science and Technology Dalian University of Technology Dalian116024 China

Reconfigurable antennas possess the capability to dynamically adjust their fundamental operating characteristics, thereby enhancing system adaptability and performance. To fully exploit this flexibility in modern wireless communication systems, this paper considers a novel tri-hybrid beamforming architecture, which seamlessly integrates pattern-reconfigurable antennas with both analog and digital beamforming. The proposed tri-hybrid architecture operates across three layers: (i) a radiation beamformer in the electromagnetic (EM) domain for dynamic pattern alignment, (ii) an analog beamformer in the radio-frequency (RF) domain for array gain enhancement, and (iii) a digital beamformer in the baseband (BB) domain for multi-user interference mitigation. To establish a solid theoretical foundation, we first develop a comprehensive mathematical model for the tri-hybrid beamforming system and formulate the signal model for a multi-user multi-input single-output (MU-MISO) scenario. The optimization objective is to maximize the sum-rate while satisfying practical constraints. Given the challenges posed by high pilot overhead and computational complexity, we introduce an innovative tri-timescale beamforming framework, wherein the radiation beamformer is optimized over a long-timescale, the analog beamformer over a medium-timescale, and the digital beamformer over a short-timescale. This hierarchical strategy effectively balances performance and implementation feasibility. Simulation results validate the performance gains of the proposed tri-hybrid architecture and demonstrate that the tri-timescale design significantly reduces pilot overhead and computational complexity, highlighting its potential for future wireless communication systems. © 2025, CC0.

关键词： Beam forming networks

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Optimization of CNOT circuits on limited-connectivity architecture

引用

Physical Review Research 2023年第1期5卷 013065-013065页

作者： Bujiao Wu Xiaoyu He Shuai Yang Lifu Shou Guojing Tian Jialin Zhang Xiaoming Sun Institute of Computing Technology CAS Beijing 100190 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Center on Frontiers of Computing Studies School of Computer Science Peking University Beijing 100871 China

A controlled-not (cnot) circuit is the key gadget for entangling qubits in quantum computing systems. However, the qubit connectivity of noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices is constrained by their limited-connectivity architecture. To improve the performance of cnot circuits on NISQ devices, we investigate the optimization of the size/depth of cnot circuits under the limited-connectivity architecture. We present a method that can optimize the size of any n-qubit cnot circuit O(n2logδ) on any connected graph with minimum degree δ, and prove this bound is optimal for the regular graph. For the near-term sparsely connected structure, we additionally present a method that can optimize the size of any n-qubit cnot circuit to below 2n2. The numerical experiment shows that our method performs better than state-of-the-art results. Specifically, we present an example to illustrate the applicability of our algorithm. For the grid structure, which is commonly used in current quantum devices, we demonstrate that the depth of any n-qubit cnot circuit can be optimized to be linear in n with certain ancillary qubits (ancillas). Experimental results indicate that this method has significant improvements compared with all of the existing methods. We additionally test our algorithms on the five-qubit IBMQ devices, and the experiments show that the measurement results of the optimized circuit with our algorithm are more robust to noise compared with the IBM mapping method.

关键词： Quantum algorithms Quantum gates

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Clinical Inspired MRI Lesion Segmentation

Clinical Inspired MRI Lesion Segmentation

引用

IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging

作者： Lijun Yan Churan Wang Fangwei Zhong Yizhou Wang School of Software and Microelectronics Peking University China Center on Frontiers of Computing Studies School of Computer Science Nat'l Eng. Research Center of Visual Technology Peking University China School of Artificial Intelligence Beijing Normal University China

ISBN: (数字)9798331520526

ISBN: (纸本)9798331520533

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a potent diagnostic tool for detecting pathological tissues in various diseases. Different MRI sequences have different contrast mechanisms and sensitivities for different types of lesions, which pose challenges to accurate and consistent lesion segmentation. In clinical practice, radiologists commonly use the subsequence feature, i.e. the difference between post contrastenhanced T1-weighted (post) and pre-contrast-enhanced (pre) sequences, to locate lesions. Inspired by this, we propose a residual fusion method to learn subsequence representation for MRI lesion segmentation. Specifically, we iteratively and adaptively fuse features from pre- and post-contrast sequences at multiple resolutions, using dynamic weights to achieve optimal fusion and address diverse lesion enhancement patterns. Our method achieves state-of-the-art performances on BraTS2023 dataset for brain tumor segmentation and our in-house breast MRI dataset for breast lesion segmentation. Our method is clinically inspired and has the potential to facilitate lesion segmentation in various applications.

关键词： Image segmentation Pathology Sensitivity Magnetic resonance imaging Brain tumors Breast Lesions Medical diagnosis Standards Diseases

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