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engineering design: Examining the impact of gender and the team's gender composition

Journal of engineering Education 2003年第1期92卷 49-56页

作者： Laeser, Melissa Moskal, Barbara M. Knecht, Robert Lasich, Debra Mathematical and Computer Sciences Colorado School of Mines Des. Eng. Introductory Course S.P. Colorado School of Mines Women in Sci. Eng./Math. Program Colorado School of Mines Mathematical Science Department Colorado School of Mines Golden CO 80401 Des. Eng. Pract. Introductory C.S. Colorado School of Mines Golden CO 80401 Women in Sci./Engineering Program Colorado School of Mines Golden CO 80401

This project used Eberhardt's team functions as an observational protocol to examine the team process as it occurred in the engineering Practices Introductory Course Sequence (EPICS) at the Colorado school of Mines. A design report scoring rubric was used to evaluate the quality of the team-produced final report. The results of this study suggest that the gender composition of the teams impacted both the interactions that took place during the team process and the quality of the team's final report. Members of majority male teams were more likely to be witnessed clarifying and standard setting during team interactions than were members of majority female teams. During the first course, the final reports that were produced by majority male teams on average were judged to be of higher quality than were those that were produced by majority female teams. The reverse was found to be true in the second course.

关键词： engineering education

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Significance of intracranial pressure pulse morphology in pediatric traumatc brain injury

Significance of intracranial pressure pulse morphology in pe...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： M. Aboy J. McNames D. Cuesta-Frau W. Wakeland T. Thong S. Lai B. Goldstein Biomedical Signal Processing Laboratory Electrical and Computer Engineering Portland State University Portland OR USA Computer Vision Group ETS-Alcoi Polytechnic University of Valencia Spain Systems Science Ph.D. Program Portland State University Portland OR USA Biomedical Engineering OGI School of Science and Engineering Oregon Health and Sciences University Portland OR USA Complex Systems Laboratory Department of Pediatrics Oregon Health and Sciences University Portland OR USA

We investigated the relationship between the intracranial pulse pressure (ICP/sub PP/) and the mean intracranial pressure (ICP/sub M/). In adult patients, several research groups have described a linear relationship between ICP/sub PP/ and ICP/sub M/ within the range of cerebral autoregulation. Current monitoring and therapy are mainly based on the mean ICP/sub M/, since it is believed that the ICP/sub M/ contains most of the information provided by the other pulse morphology metrics. In this paper we attempt to answer whether there is further information within the ICP morphology not explained by ICP/sub M/ that might be of prognostic significance. We screened ICP records of 42 patients admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit at Doernbecher Children's Hospital for segments in which the ICP/sub M/ varied at least 5 mmHg during a 1-hour period. We found 54 segments in 9 different pediatric TBI patients (ages 0.2-17.8 years, mean=9.9 years). ICP/sub PP/ and ICP/sub M/ were calculated for each pulse using an automatic pressure detection algorithm. The coefficient of linear correlation r was > 0.70 in 43/54 segments (p < 0.001), which indicates that there exists a linear relationship between ICP/sub PP/ and ICP/sub M/. However, we found r > 0.90 only in 16/54 segments (p=NS) . This result and visual inspection of ICP/sub PP/ vs. ICP/sub M/ density plots suggest that ICP pulse pressure is not fully explained by the ICP M.

关键词： Cranial pressure Morphology Brain injuries Iterative closest point algorithm Pediatrics Patient monitoring Medical treatment Hospitals Detection algorithms Inspection

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Haptic subdivision: an approach to defining level-of-detail in haptic rendering

Haptic subdivision: an approach to defining level-of-detail ...

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International Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems (HAPTICS)

作者： Jian Zhang S. Payandeh J. Dill Computer Graphics and Robotics Laboratories School of Engineering Science Simon Fraser University Burnaby BC Canada

ISBN: (纸本)0769514898

Soft objects are often desired in applications such as virtual surgery training. Soft object simulations are computationally intensive because object deformation involves numerically solving a large number of differential equations. However, realistic force feedback requires deformation be computed fast and graphic feedback requires deformation be highly detailed. In this paper, we propose an approach that balances these requirements by subdividing the area of interest on a relatively coarse mesh model. Thus we keep the number of nodes of the model under control so that the simulation can be run at a sufficiently high rate for force feedback. The model we use is based on a mass-spring model. When a portion of the surface is subdivided, new values of mass and spring constants are determined such that computed force feedback offers the user the same reaction force as before subdivision.

关键词： Haptic interfaces Deformable models Surgery Computational modeling Springs Force feedback Lattices Humans Predictive models Rendering (computer graphics)

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Real-time area-covering operations with obstacle avoidance for cleaning robots

Real-time area-covering operations with obstacle avoidance f...

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2002 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems

作者： Luo, Chaomin Yang, Simon X. Yuan, Xiaobu Adv. Robotics and Intelligent Syst. School of Engineering University of Guelph Guelph Ont. N1G 2W1 Canada School of Computer Science Windsor University Windsor Ont. N9B 2P4 Canada

An area-covering operation is a kind of complete coverage path planning, which requires the robot path to cover every part of the workspace, which is an essential issue in cleaning robots and many other robotic applications such as vacuum robots, painter robots, land mine detectors, lawn mowers, and windows cleaners. In this paper, a novel biologically inspired neural network approach is proposed for complete coverage path planning with obstacle avoidance of a cleaning robot in a nonstationary environment. The dynamics of each neuron in the topologically organized neural network is characterized by a shunting equation or an additive equation derived from Hodgkin and Huxley's (1952) membrane equation. There are only local lateral connections among neurons. Thus the computational complexity linearly depends on the neural network size. The proposed model algorithm is computationally efficient, and can also deal with changing environment. Simulation results show that the proposed model is capable of planning collision-free complete coverage robot path.

关键词： Motion planning

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Real-time area-covering operations with obstacle avoidance for cleaning robots

Real-time area-covering operations with obstacle avoidance f...

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IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems

作者： Chaomin Luo S.X. Yang Xiaobu Yuan Advanced Robotics and Intelligent Systems (ARIS) Laboratory School of Engineering University of Guelph Guelph ONT Canada School of Computer Science Windsor University Windsor ONT Canada

An area-covering operation is a kind of complete coverage path planning, which requires the robot path to cover every part of the workspace, which is an essential issue in cleaning robots and many other robotic applications such as vacuum, robots, painter robots, land mine detectors, lawn mowers, and windows cleaners. In this paper, a novel biologically inspired neural network approach is proposed for complete coverage path planning with obstacle avoidance of a cleaning robot in a nonstationary environment. The dynamics of each neuron in the topologically organized neural network is characterized by a shunting equation or an additive equation derived from Hodgkin and Huxley's (1952) membrane equation. There are only local lateral connections among neurons. Thus the computational complexity linearly depends on the neural network size. The proposed model algorithm is computationally efficient, and can also deal with changing environment. Simulation results show that the proposed model is capable of planning collision-free complete coverage robot path.

关键词： Cleaning Robots Path planning Neural networks Equations Landmine detection Neurons Computational modeling Detectors Biomembranes

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Devising adaptive migration policies for cooperative distributed genetic algorithms

Devising adaptive migration policies for cooperative distrib...

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IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics

作者： E. Noda A.L.V. Coelho I.L.M. Ricarte A. Yamakami A.A. Freitas School of Electrical and Computer Engineering (FEEC) UNICAMP-State University of Campinas Brazil Postgraduate Program in Computer science Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná Brazil

Distributed genetic algorithms (DGAs) constitute an interesting approach to undertake the premature convergence problem in evolutionary optimization. This is done by spatial partitioning a huge panmitic population into several semi-isolated groups, called demes, each evolving in parallel by its own pace, and possibly exploring different regions of the search space. At the center of such approach lies the migratory process that simulates the swapping of individuals belonging to different demes, in such a way to ensure the sharing of good genetic material. In this paper, we model the migration step in DGAs as an explicit means to promote cooperation among genetic agents, autonomous entities encapsulating GA instances for possibly tackling different sub-problems of a complicated task. The focus is on the characterization of adaptive migration policies in which the choice of what individuals to migrate and/or replace is not defined a priori but according to a more knowledge-oriented rule. Comparative results obtained for a data-mining task were conducted, in order to assess the performance of adaptive migration according to efficiency/effectiveness criteria.

关键词： Genetic algorithms Identity-based encryption Inductors Search engines Dissolved gas analysis Parallel architectures Cloning

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A soft expert system for the creative exploration of first principles of crystal-laser design

A soft expert system for the creative exploration of first p...

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2002 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics

作者： Rubin, Stuart H. Rush, Robert J. Smith, Michael H. Jayaram Murthy, S.N. Trajkovic, Ljiljana Spawars Systems Center 53560 Hull Street San Diego CA United States BISC Program University of California Berkeley CA United States Department of Computer Science Central Michigan University Mt. Pleasant MI United States School of Engineering Science Simon Fraser University Burnaby BC Canada

A soft expert system is defined to be one that is qualitatively fuzzy. In this paper, we present such a system known as "KASER" which stands for 'Knowledge Amplification by Structural Expert Randomization". KASER facilitates reasoning using domain specific expert and commonsense knowledge. It accomplishes this through object-classed predicates and an associated novel inference engine. It addresses the high cost associated with the knowledge acquisition bottleneck. It also enables the entry of a basis of rules and provides for the automatic extension of that basis through domain symmetries. We demonstrate an application for KASER in the design of an intelligent tutoring system that teaches the basic science of crystal-laser design. It enables the student to experiment with various design concepts and receive feedback on the functionality of the proposed design. This is possible without a need to preprogram all possible scenarios.

关键词： Knowledge engineering

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Adaptive navigation for learners in hypermedia is scaffolded navigation

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2nd International Conference on Adaptive Hypermedia and Adaptive Web-Based Systems, AH 2002

作者： Hübscher, Roland Puntambekar, Sadhana Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Auburn University 107 Dunstan Hall Auburn AL 36849-5347 United States School of Education Program in Instructional Media and Technology University of Connecticut U-64 249 Glenbrook Ave. Storrs CT 06269-2004 United States

ISBN: (纸本)3540437371

Adaptive navigation support can be of great help in large hypermedia systems supporting learners as well as users searching for specific information. A wide variety of adaptive mechanisms have been implemented in existing adaptive hypermedia systems that provide better and better suggestions to the user what hyperlinks to follow. We suggest that adaptive navigation support should scaffold a learner in an educational hypermedia system to select the appropriate links. We show that this implies that selecting a link is an educationally relevant activity that should not always be reduced to a trivial task by powerful adaptive mechanisms. It follows that learners require sometimes different kinds of adaptive navigation support than users looking for information. Finally, we will suggest how to extend current mechanisms to provide scaffolded navigation support to learners. © 2002 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

关键词： Hypermedia systems

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A new model of the visual feedback coordinate transformation in humans based on disturbance noise and feedback error that accounts for time delays

A new model of the visual feedback coordinate transformation...

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IEEE International Workshop on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)

作者： E. Oyama K.F. MacDorman T. Maeda S. Tachi A. Agah Science and Technology (AIST) National Institute for Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan Intelligent Robotics Laboratory Graduate School of Systems Engineering Wakayama University Wakayama Japan School of Engineering University of Tokyo Bunkyo Tokyo Japan Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Kansas Lawrence KS USA

An essential factor in understanding the motor learning capability of humans, is the coordinate transformation learning of the visual feedback controller. Although a number of learning models for the visual feedback controller have been proposed, none has been able to establish a definitive approach. In our previous work, we have suggested a learning model that uses disturbance noise and the feedback error signal to learn the human visual feedback controller's coordinate transformation. However, the model does not fully consider the time delay in the visual feedback control loop. This paper presents a modified learning model taking into account the time delay and the convergence properties of the model. Numerical simulations are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

关键词： Humans Delay effects Adaptive control Error correction Biological system modeling Feedback control Convergence Kinematics Intelligent robots Velocity control

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A soft expert system for the creative exploration of first principles of crystal-laser design

A soft expert system for the creative exploration of first p...

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IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics

作者： S.H. Rubin R.J. Rush M.H. Smith S.N. Jayaram Murthy L. Trajkovic SPAWAR Systems Center San Diego CA USA BISC Program University of California Berkeley CA USA Department of Computer Science Central Michigan University Mount Pleasant MI USA School of Engineering Science Simon Fraser University Burnaby BC Canada

A soft expert system is defined to be one that is qualitatively fuzzy. We present such a system known as KASER which stands for Knowledge Amplification by Structural Expert Randomization. KASER facilitates reasoning using domain specific expert and commonsense knowledge. It accomplishes this through object-classed predicates and an associated novel inference engine. It addresses the high cost associated with the knowledge acquisition bottleneck. It also enables the entry of a basis of rules and provides for the automatic extension of that basis through domain symmetries. We demonstrate an application for KASER in the design of an intelligent tutoring system that teaches the basic science of crystal-laser design. It enables the student to experiment with various design concepts and receive feedback on the functionality of the proposed design. This is possible without a need to preprogram all possible scenarios.

关键词： Expert systems Knowledge acquisition Intelligent systems USA Councils Engines Costs Production systems computer errors Hybrid intelligent systems Fuzzy systems

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