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Heterogeneous Task Allocation Model and Algorithm for Intelligent Connected Vehicles

computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第9期80卷 4281-4302页

作者： Neng Wan Guangping Zeng Xianwei Zhou School of Computer and Communication Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083China School of Mechanical and Transportation Southwest Forestry UniversityKunming650224China

With the development of vehicles towards intelligence and connectivity,vehicular data is diversifying and growing dramatically.A task allocation model and algorithm for heterogeneous Intelligent Connected Vehicle(ICV)applications are proposed for the dispersed computing network composed of heterogeneous task vehicles and Network Computing Points(NCPs).Considering the amount of task data and the idle resources of NCPs,a computing resource scheduling model for NCPs is *** the heterogeneous task execution delay threshold as a constraint,the optimization problem is described as the problem of maximizing the utilization of computing resources by *** proposed problem is proven to be NP-hard by using the method of reduction to a 0-1 knapsack problem.A many-to-many matching algorithm based on resource preferences is *** algorithm first establishes the mutual preference lists based on the adaptability of the task requirements and the resources provided by *** enables the filtering out of un-schedulable NCPs in the initial stage of matching,reducing the solution space *** solve the matching problem between ICVs and NCPs,a new manyto-many matching algorithm is proposed to obtain a unique and stable optimal matching *** simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can improve the resource utilization of NCPs by an average of 9.6%compared to the reference scheme,and the total performance can be improved by up to 15.9%.

关键词： Task allocation intelligent connected vehicles dispersed computing matching algorithm

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Blockchain-based internet of things security architecture and applications

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Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing 2023年第12期14卷 16703-16714页

作者： Chen, Hongsong Lei, Shi Zhang, Yiying Han, Xintong Cao, Yongrui Zhang, Yongpeng School of Computer and Communication Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing100083 China

The Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain are two emerging information technologies that will significantly impact the lives and production patterns of people. When they meet together, blockchain services can be used to solve some IoT challenges, however some new risks will be introduced. Therefore, how to use blockchain services in IoT environment and which key security and privacy challenges in IoT environment can be addressed by blockchain services are two critical issues. Thus, we propose a novel hybrid IoT architecture based on blockchain services for the first issue. To address the second issue, we design system architecture for implementing blockchain-as-a-service in the IoT environment, select the dimensions of fog computing, edge computing and software vulnerability to classify the challenges and solutions. Then practical application scenarios are summarized. The single on-chain time is between 15 and 20 s and the single off-chain in IOTA is about 2 s. The on-chain time is longer than the off-chain time. Finally, seven challenges and the related solution for blockchain-based IoT are proposed to promote future blockchain and IoT research. The proposed architecture can improve the structural security and functional security for IoT and Blockchain. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

关键词： Internet of things

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Damaged apple detection with a hybrid YOLOv3 algorithm

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2024年第2期11卷 163-171页

作者： Meng Zhang Huazhao Liang Zhongju Wang Long Wang Chao Huang Xiong Luo Schoolof Computer and Communication Engineering University of Science and Technoogy BejingBejing 1083China lShunde Innovation SchoolUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingFoshan 528399China

This paper proposes an improved You Only Look Once(YOLOv3)algorithm for automatically detecting damaged apples to promote the automation of the fruit processing *** the proposed method,a clustering method based on Rao-1 algorithm is introduced to optimize anchor box *** clustering method uses the intersection over the union to form the objective function and the most representative anchor boxes are generated for normal and damaged apple *** verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method,real apple images collected from the Internet are *** with the generic YOLOv3 and Fast Region-based Convolutional Neural Network(Fast R-CNN)algorithms,the proposed method yields the highest mean average precision value for the test ***,it is practical to apply the proposed method for intelligent apple detection and classification tasks.

关键词： Rao algorithm Apple detection Clustering Smart agriculture

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A Lightweight Convolutional Neural Network with Squeeze and Excitation Module for Security Authentication Using Wireless Channel

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computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第5期83卷 2025-2040页

作者： Xiaoying Qiu Xiaoyu Ma Guangxu Zhao Jinwei Yu Wenbao Jiang Zhaozhong Guo Maozhi Xu College of Computer Science Beijing Information Science and Technology UniversityBeijing100192China School of Information and Communication Engineering Beijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsBeijing100876China School of Mathematical Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing100871China

Physical layer authentication(PLA)in the context of the Internet of Things(IoT)has gained significant *** with traditional encryption and blockchain technologies,PLA provides a more computationally efficient alternative to exploiting the properties of the wireless medium *** existing PLA solutions rely on static mechanisms,which are insufficient to address the authentication challenges in fifth generation(5G)and beyond wireless ***,with the massive increase in mobile device access,the communication security of the IoT is vulnerable to spoofing *** overcome the above challenges,this paper proposes a lightweight deep convolutional neural network(CNN)equipped with squeeze and excitation module(SE module)in dynamic wireless environments,namely *** be more specific,a convolution factorization is developed to reduce the complexity of PLA models based on deep ***,an SE module is designed in the deep CNN to enhance useful features andmaximize authentication *** with the existing solutions,the proposed SE-ConvNet enabled PLA scheme performs excellently in mobile and time-varying wireless environments while maintaining lower computational complexity.

关键词： Physical layer authentication blockchain squeeze and excitation module computational cost mobile scenario

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A new technology perspective of the Metaverse:Its essence,framework and challenges

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Digital communications and Networks 2024年第6期10卷 1653-1665页

作者： Feifei Shi Huansheng Ning Xiaohong Zhang Rongyang Li Qiaohui Tian Shiming Zhang Yuanyuan Zheng Yudong Guo Mahmoud Daneshmand School of Computer and Communication Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083China Jinzhong University Shanxi030619China Department of Business Intelligence and Analytics and the Department of Computer Science Stevens Institute of TechnologyHobokenNJ07030USA

The Metaverse depicts a parallel digitalized world where virtuality and reality are *** has economic and social systems like those in the real world and provides intelligent services and *** this paper,we introduce the Metaverse from a new technology perspective,including its essence,corresponding technical framework,and potential technical ***,we analyze the essence of the Metaverse from its etymology and point out breakthroughs promising to be made in time,space,and contents of the Metaverse by citing Maslow's Hierarchy of ***,we conclude four pillars of the Metaverse,named ubiquitous connections,space convergence,virtuality and reality interaction,and human-centered communication,and establish a corresponding technical ***,we envision open issues and challenges of the Metaverse in the technical *** work proposes a new technology perspective of the Metaverse and will provide further guidance for its technology development in the future.

关键词： Metaverse Technical framework Ubiquitous connections Space convergence Virtuality and reality interaction Human-centered communication

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Byzantine Robust Federated Learning Scheme Based on Backdoor Triggers

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computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第5期79卷 2813-2831页

作者： Zheng Yang Ke Gu Yiming Zuo School of Computer and Communication Engineering Changsha University of Science and TechnologyChangsha410114China

Federated learning is widely used to solve the problem of data decentralization and can provide privacy protectionfor data owners. However, since multiple participants are required in federated learning, this allows attackers tocompromise. Byzantine attacks pose great threats to federated learning. Byzantine attackers upload maliciouslycreated local models to the server to affect the prediction performance and training speed of the global model. Todefend against Byzantine attacks, we propose a Byzantine robust federated learning scheme based on backdoortriggers. In our scheme, backdoor triggers are embedded into benign data samples, and then malicious localmodels can be identified by the server according to its validation dataset. Furthermore, we calculate the adjustmentfactors of local models according to the parameters of their final layers, which are used to defend against datapoisoning-based Byzantine attacks. To further enhance the robustness of our scheme, each localmodel is weightedand aggregated according to the number of times it is identified as malicious. Relevant experimental data showthat our scheme is effective against Byzantine attacks in both independent identically distributed (IID) and nonindependentidentically distributed (non-IID) scenarios.

关键词： Federated learning Byzantine attacks backdoor triggers

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Intelligent integrated sensing and communication:a survey

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science China(Information sciences) 2025年第3期68卷 5-46页

作者： Jifa ZHANG Weidang LU Chengwen XING Nan ZHAO Naofal AL-DHAHIR George K.KARAGIANNIDIS Xiaoniu YANG School of Information and Communication Engineering Dalian University of Technology College of Information Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology School of Information and Electronics Beijing Institute of Technology Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Texas at Dallas Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki

Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) is a promising technique to increase spectral efficiency and support various emerging applications by sharing the spectrum and hardware between these functionalities. However, the traditional ISAC schemes are highly dependent on the accurate mathematical model and suffer from the challenges of high complexity and poor performance in practical scenarios. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a viable technique to address these issues due to its powerful learning capabilities, satisfactory generalization capability, fast inference speed, and high adaptability for dynamic environments, facilitating a system design shift from model-driven to data-driven. Intelligent ISAC, which integrates AI into ISAC, has been a hot topic that has attracted many researchers to investigate. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of intelligent ISAC, including its motivation, typical applications, recent trends, and challenges. In particular, we first introduce the basic principle of ISAC, followed by its key techniques. Then, an overview of AI and a comparison between model-based and AI-based methods for ISAC are provided. Furthermore, the typical applications of AI in ISAC and the recent trends for AI-enabled ISAC are reviewed. Finally, the future research issues and challenges of intelligent ISAC are discussed.

关键词： artificial intelligence deep learning deep reinforcement learning federated learning generative artificial intelligence integrated sensing and communication machine learning transfer learning

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VKFQ:A Verifiable Keyword Frequency Query Framework with Local Differential Privacy in Blockchain

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computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第3期78卷 4205-4223页

作者： Youlin Ji Bo Yin Ke Gu School of Computer and Communication Engineering Changsha University of Science and TechnologyChangsha410114China

With its untameable and traceable properties,blockchain technology has been widely used in the field of data *** to preserve individual privacy while enabling efficient data queries is one of the primary issues with secure data *** this paper,we study verifiable keyword frequency(KF)queries with local differential privacy in *** the numerical and the keyword attributes are present in data objects;the latter are sensitive and require privacy ***,prior studies in blockchain have the problem of trilemma in privacy protection and are unable to handle KF *** propose an efficient framework that protects data owners’privacy on keyword attributes while enabling quick and verifiable query processing for KF *** framework computes an estimate of a keyword’s frequency and is efficient in query time and verification object(VO)size.A utility-optimized local differential privacy technique is used for privacy *** data owner adds noise locally into data based on local differential privacy so that the attacker cannot infer the owner of the keywords while keeping the difference in the probability distribution of the KF within the privacy *** propose the VB-cm tree as the authenticated data structure(ADS).The VB-cm tree combines the Verkle tree and the Count-Min sketch(CM-sketch)to lower the VO size and query *** VB-cm tree uses the vector commitment to verify the query *** fixed-size CM-sketch,which summarizes the frequency of multiple keywords,is used to estimate the KF via hashing *** conduct an extensive evaluation of the proposed *** experimental results show that compared to theMerkle B+tree,the query time is reduced by 52.38%,and the VO size is reduced by more than one order of magnitude.

关键词： Security data sharing blockchain data query privacy protection

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Deep learning-based software engineering: progress,challenges, and opportunities

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science China(Information sciences) 2025年第1期68卷 57-144页

作者： Xiangping CHEN Xing HU Yuan HUANG He JIANG Weixing JI Yanjie JIANG Yanyan JIANG Bo LIU Hui LIU Xiaochen LI Xiaoli LIAN Guozhu MENG Xin PENG Hailong SUN Lin SHI Bo WANG Chong WANG Jiayi WANG Tiantian WANG Jifeng XUAN Xin XIA Yibiao YANG Yixin YANG Li ZHANG Yuming ZHOU Lu ZHANG School of Journalism and Communication Sun Yat-sen University School of Software Technology Zhejiang University School of Software Engineering Sun Yat-sen University School of Software Dalian University of Technology School of Computer Science and Technology Beijing Institute of Technology Key Laboratory of High Confidence Software Technologies (Peking University) Ministry of EducationSchool of Computer Science Peking University State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University School of Computer Science and Engineering Beihang University Institute of Information Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Computer Science Fudan University State Key Laboratory of Complex & Critical Software Environment (CCSE) School of Software Beihang University School of Computer and Information Technology Beijing Jiaotong University School of Computer Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology School of Computer Science Wuhan University Huawei Technologies

Researchers have recently achieved significant advances in deep learning techniques, which in turn has substantially advanced other research disciplines, such as natural language processing, image processing, speech recognition, and software engineering. Various deep learning techniques have been successfully employed to facilitate software engineering tasks, including code generation, software refactoring, and fault localization. Many studies have also been presented in top conferences and journals, demonstrating the applications of deep learning techniques in resolving various software engineering tasks. However,although several surveys have provided overall pictures of the application of deep learning techniques in software engineering,they focus more on learning techniques, that is, what kind of deep learning techniques are employed and how deep models are trained or fine-tuned for software engineering tasks. We still lack surveys explaining the advances of subareas in software engineering driven by deep learning techniques, as well as challenges and opportunities in each subarea. To this end, in this study, we present the first task-oriented survey on deep learning-based software engineering. It covers twelve major software engineering subareas significantly impacted by deep learning techniques. Such subareas spread out through the whole lifecycle of software development and maintenance, including requirements engineering, software development, testing, maintenance, and developer collaboration. As we believe that deep learning may provide an opportunity to revolutionize the whole discipline of software engineering, providing one survey covering as many subareas as possible in software engineering can help future research push forward the frontier of deep learning-based software engineering more systematically. For each of the selected subareas,we highlight the major advances achieved by applying deep learning techniques with pointers to the available datasets i

关键词： deep learning software engineering software benchmark software artifact representation survey

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A Dynamic and Collaborative Spectrum Sharing Strategy Based on Multi-Agent DRL in Satellite-Terrestrial Converged Networks

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IEEE Transactions on Vehicular technology 2024年第5期74卷 7969-7984页

作者： Tang, Chao Chen, Yueyun Chen, Guang Du, Liping Liu, Huan School of Computer and Communication Engineering Beijing100083 China University of Science and Technology Beijing Shunde Innovation School Foshan528000 China

Satellite-terrestrial spectrum sharing is an effective method to alleviate the scarcity of spectrum resources. However, with the dense deployment of terrestrial systems, the satellite downlink beam covers multiple terrestrial base stations (BSs) and interacts with terrestrial downlinks during spectrum sharing. The spectrum sharing users encounter co-channel interference of inter-system, inter-cell and intra-cell, posing significant challenges for downlink spectrum sharing in converged system. In this paper, we propose a cooperative multichannel spectrum sharing framework where the multiple terrestrial BSs downlinks share multichannel spectrum resources of low earth orbit (LEO) satellite while guaranteeing the rate requirements of all shared users and aiming at improving spectrum efficiency of converged system. We formulate the cooperative satellite-terrestrial spectrum sharing strategy as a global spectrum efficiency maximization problem for the converged system, achieved through multichannel assignment and power allocation optimization for terrestrial shared users. To solve the non-convex optimization problem, we provide a dynamic and collaborative spectrum sharing (DCSS) algorithm based on multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (MADRL), which includes DDQN-based multichannel assignment and DDPG-based power allocation. DCSS transforms the problem to a decentralized partially observable Markov decision processes (Dec-POMDP) and adopts centralized-training-distributed-execution (CTDE) framework to address the challenge of acquiring global information in real-time. Specifically, each terrestrial BS acts as an agent with a globally trained two-layer joint deep neural network model that can adaptively allocate the multichannel and power based on observed system local information. Extensive simulation results demonstrate that DCSS algorithm outperforms the existing typical algorithms. © 1967-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Convex optimization

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