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arXiv 2023年

作者： Li, Zonghui Zhu, Wenlin Shin, Kang G. Wan, Hai Song, Xiaoyu Yang, Dong Ai, Bo The Beijing Key Laboratory of Transportation Data Analysis and Mining School of Computer and Information Technology Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing100044 China The Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109-2121 United States The Software School Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Portland State University PortlandOR United States The School of Electronic and Information Engineering Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing100044 China

In Time-Triggered (TT) or time-sensitive networks, the transmission of a TT frame is required to be scheduled at a precise time instant for industrial distributed real-time control systems. Other (or best-effort (BE)) frames are forwarded in a BE manner. Under this scheduling strategy, the transmission of a TT frame must wait until its scheduled instant even if it could have been transmitted sooner. On the other hand, BE frames are transmitted whenever possible but may miss deadlines or may even be dropped due to congestion. As a result, TT transmission and BE delivery are incompatible with each other. To remedy this incompatibility, we propose a synergistic switch architecture (SWA) for TT transmission with BE delivery to dynamically improve the end-to-end (e2e) latency of TT frames by opportunistically exploiting BE delivery. Given a TT frame, the SWA generates and transmits a cloned copy with BE delivery. The first frame arriving at the receiver device is delivered with a configured jitter and the other copy ignored. So, the SWA achieves shorter latency and controllable jitter, the best of both worlds. We have implemented SWA using FPGAs in an industry-strength TT switches and used four test scenarios to demonstrate SWA's improvements of e2e latency and controllable jitter over the state-of-the-art TT transmission scheme. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Field programmable gate arrays (FPGA)

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Open-vocabulary calibration for fine-tuned CLIP 24

Open-vocabulary calibration for fine-tuned CLIP

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Proceedings of the 41st International Conference on Machine Learning

作者： Shuoyuan Wang Jindong Wang Guoqing Wang Bob Zhang Kaiyang Zhou Hongxin Wei Department of Statistics and Data Science Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen China and Department of Computer and Information Science University of Macau Taipa Macau William & Mary Williamsburg Virginia School of Computer Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China China Department of Computer and Information Science University of Macau Taipa Macau Department of Computer Science Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong SAR China Department of Statistics and Data Science Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen China

Vision-language models (VLMs) have emerged as formidable tools, showing their strong capability in handling various open-vocabulary tasks in image recognition, text-driven visual content generation, and visual chatbots, to name a few. In recent years, considerable efforts and resources have been devoted to adaptation methods for improving the downstream performance of VLMs, particularly on parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods like prompt learning. However, a crucial aspect that has been largely overlooked is the confidence calibration problem in fine-tuned VLMs, which could greatly reduce reliability when deploying such models in the real world. This paper bridges the gap by systematically investigating the confidence calibration problem in the context of prompt learning and reveals that existing calibration methods are insufficient to address the problem, especially in the open-vocabulary setting. To solve the problem, we present a simple and effective approach called Distance-Aware Calibration (DAC), which is based on scaling the temperature using as guidance the distance between predicted text labels and base classes. The experiments with 7 distinct prompt learning methods applied across 11 diverse downstream datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of DAC, which achieves high efficacy without sacrificing the inference speed. Our code is available at https://***/ml-stat-Sustech/CLIP Calibration.

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Intelligent Blockchain-based Edge Computing via Deep Reinforcement Learning: Solutions and Challenges

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Nguyen, Dinh C. Nguyen, Van-Dinh Ding, Ming Chatzinotas, Symeon Pathirana, Pubudu N. Seneviratne, Aruna Dobre, Octavia Zomaya, Albert Y. The School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University United States University of Luxembourg Luxembourg Data61 CSIRO Australia The School of Engineering Deakin University Australia School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications UNSW Australia The Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science Memorial University Canada The School of Computer Science The University of Sydney Australia

The convergence of mobile edge computing (MEC) and blockchain is transforming the current computing services in wireless Internet-of-Things networks, by enabling task offloading with security enhancement based on blockchain mining. Yet the existing approaches for these enabling technologies are isolated, providing only tailored solutions for specific services and scenarios. To fill this gap, we propose a novel cooperative task offloading and blockchain mining (TOBM) scheme for a blockchain-based MEC system, where each edge device not only handles computation tasks but also deals with block mining for improving system utility. To address the latency issues caused by the blockchain operation in MEC, we develop a new Proof-of-Reputation consensus mechanism based on a lightweight block verification strategy. To accommodate the highly dynamic environment and high-dimensional system state space, we apply a novel distributed deep reinforcement learning-based approach by using a multi-agent deep deterministic policy gradient algorithm. Experimental results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed TOBM scheme in terms of enhanced system reward, improved offloading utility with lower blockchain mining latency, and better system utility, compared to the existing cooperative and non-cooperative schemes. The paper concludes with key technical challenges and possible directions for future blockchain-based MEC research. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Blockchain

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Movable-Antenna Enhanced Multiuser Communication via Antenna Position Optimization

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Zhu, Lipeng Ma, Wenyan Ning, Boyu Zhang, Rui The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore 117583 Singapore Chengdu611731 China School of Science and Engineering Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data The Chinese University of Hong Kong Guangdong Shenzhen518172 China

Movable antenna (MA) is a promising technology to improve wireless communication performance by varying the antenna position in a given finite area at the transceivers to create more favorable channel conditions. In this paper, we investigate the MA-enhanced multiple-access channel (MAC) for the uplink transmission from multiple users each equipped with a single MA to a base station (BS) with a fixed-position antenna (FPA) array. A field-response based channel model is used to characterize the multi-path channel between the antenna array of the BS and each user's MA with a flexible position. To evaluate the MAC performance gain provided by MAs, we formulate an optimization problem for minimizing the total transmit power of users, subject to a minimum-achievable-rate requirement for each user, where the positions of MAs and the transmit powers of users, as well as the receive combining matrix of the BS are jointly optimized. To solve this non-convex optimization problem involving intricately coupled variables, we develop two algorithms based on zero-forcing (ZF) and minimum mean square error (MMSE) combining methods, respectively. Specifically, for each algorithm, the combining matrix of the BS and the total transmit power of users are expressed as a function of the MAs' position vectors, which are then optimized by using the proposed multi-directional descent (MDD) framework. It is shown that the proposed ZF-based and MMSE-based MDD algorithms can converge to high-quality suboptimal solutions with low computational complexities. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed solutions for MA-enhanced multiple access systems can significantly decrease the total transmit power of users as compared to conventional FPA systems employing antenna selection under both perfect and imperfect field-response information. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Radio transceivers

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A Behavioural Network Traffic Novelty Detection for the Internet of Things Infrastructures 1

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11th International Symposium on Parallel Architectures, Algorithms and Programming, PAAP 2020

作者： Hamad, Salma Abdalla Sheng, Quan Z. Tran, Dai Hoang Zhang, Wei Emma Nepal, Surya Department of Computing Faculty of Science and Engineering Macquarie University Sydney Australia School of Computer Science The University of Adelaide Adelaide Australia Data61 CSIRO Sydney Australia

ISBN: (数字)9789811600104

ISBN: (纸本)9789811600098

The Internet of Things (IoT) applied solutions are changing the way the world perceives technology. IoT devices are now being used in a wide range of applications to transfer or share relevant information, hence reducing human interventions. With such widespread IoT solutions, security becomes a significant concern. Many of the IoT devices are vulnerable due to several reasons, including in-secure implementations, poor life cycle management, and inappropriate configurations, leading to an increase in the risk of these devices getting exposed and attacked. However, the current security approaches for detecting compromised IoT devices are inefficient, especially for zero-day attacks. Since no one knows how a new attack would look like, it will be useful to monitor and detect anomalies using accurate detection techniques. This work probes the possibility of detecting IoT network traffic anomalies using novelty detection techniques;thus, it can detect compromised IoT devices. One of this work’s main contributions is developing an IoT anomaly detection system named Behavioural Novelty Detection for IoT Infrastructure (BND-IoT). BND-IoT trains a neural network with novel selected behavioural features extracted from benign traffic only and then uses the novelty techniques to detect any unusual traffic patterns. We show that the presented approach effectively detects anomalies within IoT devices’ network traffic with a robust average F1-score of 96.7% and a low false rejection rate of 7%. © 2021, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Internet of things

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CT perfusion parameter estimation in stroke using neural network with transformer and physical model priors

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computers in Biology and Medicine 2024年 182卷 109134-109134页

作者： Luo, Luyao Liu, Pan Ye, Wanxing Chen, Fengwei Liu, Yu Liu, Ziyang Jing, Jing Xiong, Yunyun Zhu, Wanlin Jiang, Yong Cheng, Jian Wang, Yongjun Liu, Tao Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Beihang University Beijing China Medical Big Data Research Center Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing China China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases Beijing China Department of Neurology Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China School of Computer Science and Engineering Beihang University Beijing China

Objectives: CT perfusion (CTP) imaging is vital in treating acute ischemic stroke by identifying salvageable tissue and the infarcted core. CTP images allow quantitative estimation of CT perfusion parameters, which can provide information on the degree of tissue hypoperfusion and its salvage potential. Traditional methods for estimating perfusion parameters, such as singular value decomposition (SVD) and its variations, are known to be sensitive to noise and inaccuracies in the arterial input function. To our knowledge, there has been no implementation of deep learning methods for CT perfusion parameter estimation. Materials & methods: In this work, we propose a deep learning method based on the Transformer model, named CTPerformer-Net, for CT perfusion parameter estimation. In addition, our method incorporates some physical priors. We integrate physical consistency prior, smoothness prior and the physical model prior through the design of the loss function. We also generate a simulation dataset based on physical model prior for training the network model. Results: In the simulation dataset, CTPerformer-Net exhibits a 23.4 % increase in correlation coefficients, a 95.2 % decrease in system error, and a 90.7 % reduction in random error when contrasted with block-circulant SVD. CTPerformer-Net successfully identifies hypoperfused and infarcted lesions in 103 real CTP images from the ISLES 2018 challenge dataset. It achieves a mean dice score of 0.36 for the infarct core segmentation, which is slightly higher than the commercially available software (dice coefficient: 0.34) used as a reference level by the challenge. Conclusion: Experimental results on the simulation dataset demonstrate that CTPerformer-Net achieves better performance compared to block-circulant SVD. The real-world patient dataset confirms the validity of CTPerformer-Net. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Image segmentation

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Toward Big-data Sharing: A Unified Trusted Remote Attestation Scheme based on Blockchain

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年

作者： Wang, Ran Ma, Fuqiang Duan, Shihong Su, Zhiyuan Zhang, Xiaotong Xu, Cheng University of Science and Technology Beijing School of Computer and Communication Engineering Shunde Innovation School China Inspur Data Technology Co. Ltd. Shandong Jinan China State Key Laboratory of High-end Server & Storage Technology Beijing China Inspur Electronic Information Industry Co. Ltd Shandong Jinan China

The rapid expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) has brought forth new challenges and opportunities in securely managing and sharing vast amounts of data generated by connected devices. Blockchain technology, with its decentralization, tamper-resistance, and traceability, offers a promising framework for IoT data sharing but struggles to safeguard smart contracts and sensitive data. Integrating Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) with blockchain addresses these concerns, enabling secure execution and communication via remote attestation. However, existing remote attestation methods face challenges, including incompatibility across heterogeneous TEEs, inefficiency under frequent authentication, and vulnerability to DoS attacks. To tackle these, we propose a blockchain-based unified remote attestation scheme for IoT. Our three-tier blockchain architecture–comprising a Certificate Authority (CA) channel, an authoritative channel, and a business channel–separates authentication, attestation, and operations while ensuring auditability. An abstraction layer supports heterogeneous TEEs, and an authoritative blockchain stores authentication reports, enabling secure, frequent attestations. Additionally, a distributed CA system enhances resilience to DoS attacks. Experimental results validate our scheme’s efficiency and security, offering a robust solution for IoT data sharing. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： blockchain confidential computing data security data sharing trusted execution environment

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Graph Permutation Entropy: Extensions to the Continuous Case, A step towards Ordinal Deep Learning, and More

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Roy, Om Campbell-Cousins, Avalon Carrasco, John Stewart Fabila Parra, Mario A. Escudero, Javier School of Engineering Institute for Imaging Data and Communications University of Edinburgh Edinburgh United Kingdom Computer and Information Sciences University of Strathclyde Glasgow United Kingdom School of informatics University of Edinburgh Edinburgh United Kingdom Psychological Sciences and Health University of Strathclyde Glasgow United Kingdom

Nonlinear dynamics play an important role in the analysis of signals. A popular, readily interpretable nonlinear measure is Permutation Entropy. It has recently been extended for the analysis of graph signals, thus providing a framework for non-linear analysis of data sampled on irregular domains. Here, we introduce a continuous version of Permutation Entropy, extend it to the graph domain, and develop a ordinal activation function akin to the one of neural networks. This is a step towards Ordinal Deep Learning, a potentially effective and very recently posited concept. We also formally extend ordinal contrasts to the graph domain. Continuous versions of ordinal contrasts of length 3 are also introduced and their advantage is shown in experiments. We also integrate specific contrasts for the analysis of images and show that it generalizes well to the graph domain allowing a representation of images, represented as graph signals, in a plane similar to the entropy-complexity one. Applications to synthetic data, including fractal patterns and popular non-linear maps, and real-life MRI data show the validity of these novel extensions and potential benefits over the state of the art. By extending very recent concepts related to permutation entropy to the graph domain, we expect to accelerate the development of more graph-based entropy methods to enable nonlinear analysis of a broader kind of data and establishing relationships with emerging ideas in data science. Understanding complex data requires advanced methods, especially for signals from irregular domains like graphs. This research introduces a continuous version of Permutation Entropy, adapting it for graph signals to enable nonlinear analysis. By developing an ordinal activation function and extending ordinal contrasts to graphs, the study advances the emerging field of Ordinal Deep Learning. Experiments on synthetic and real-life data across multiple disciplines demonstrate the effectiveness of these methods, pr

关键词： Nonlinear analysis

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Detection of Breast Cancer using Quasi-Cross Focused Transformer-Guided Quantum Network with Lotus Optimization

Detection of Breast Cancer using Quasi-Cross Focused Transfo...

引用

International Conference on ent Computing and Control Systems (ICICCS)

作者： Rajesh Munirathnam Vishal Shukla Deepashree Devaraj Chintan Thacker Ujwal Nandekar Natrayan L Data & Analytics Division TechnoGen Inc. Hillsborough New Jersey USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Ramdeobaba College of Engineering and Management Nagpur Maharashtra Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering RV College of Engineering Bengaluru Karnataka Computer Science and Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Technology Parul Institute of Engineering and Technology Parul University Post Limda Gujarat Symbiosis Centre for Advanced Legal Studies and Research (SCALSAR) Symbiosis Law School Pune Symbiosis International (Deemed University) Pune Department of Mechanical Engineering Saveetha School of Engineering SIMATS Chennai TamilNadu

ISBN: (数字)9798331512088

ISBN: (纸本)9798331512095

Patient outcomes improve if breast cancer is discovered early. Although many deep learning methods have been studied for breast cancer identification, the efficacy of many has been limited. It presents a new method encompassing the Quasi Cross Focused Transformer Guided Quantum Network with Lotus Optimization (QCFT-GQNet-LO) which is novel to resolve these issues. This technique uses Quasi-Cross Filtering (QCF) for image pre-processing, which improves image quality by reducing noise and artefacts. It was evaluated on histopathological images from the MIAS (Mammographic Image Analysis Society) dataset. A Focused Transformer with U-Net (FTUNet) is utilized to precisely segment malignant regions, guaranteeing precise identification of crucial places. The Self-Guided Quantum Network with Triple Attention (SGQNet-TA) controls classification and feature extraction, significantly improving the model's diagnostic abilities. The whole system is optimized using the Lotus Effect Optimization Algorithm (LEOA) to improve the efficiency and robustness. The QCFT-GQNetLO approach is shown to outperform other approaches, with experimentally demonstrated accuracy of 99.9%, and recall rate of 99.8% on the MIAS dataset. This significantly improves diagnostic precision of lesion type categorization and early breast malignancy diagnosis in histopathological images.

关键词： Image segmentation Accuracy Filtering Noise Transformers Breast cancer Robustness Quantum networks Lesions Optimization

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Optimizing Human Pose Estimation Through Focused Human and Joint Regions 39

Optimizing Human Pose Estimation Through Focused Human and J...

引用

39th Annual AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI 2025

作者： Jiao, Yingying Wang, Zhigang Liu, Zhenguang Fan, Shaojing Wu, Sifan Wu, Zheqi Xu, Zhuoyue College of Computer Science and Technology Jilin University China Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education Jilin University China College of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang Gongshang University China The State Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Security Zhejiang University China Hangzhou High-Tech Zone (Binjiang) Institute of Blockchain and Data Security China School of Computing National University of Singapore Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)157735897X

Human pose estimation has given rise to a broad spectrum of novel and compelling applications, including action recognition, sports analysis, as well as surveillance. However, accurate video pose estimation remains an open challenge. One aspect that has been overlooked so far is that existing methods learn motion clues from all pixels rather than focusing on the target human body, making them easily misled and disrupted by unimportant information such as background changes or movements of other people. Additionally, while the current Transformer-based pose estimation methods has demonstrated impressive performance with global modeling, they struggle with local context perception and precise positional identification. In this paper, we try to tackle these challenges from three aspects: (1) We propose a bilayer Human-Keypoint Mask module that performs coarse-to-fine visual token refinement, which gradually zooms in on the target human body and keypoints while masking out unimportant figure regions. (2) We further introduce a novel deformable cross attention mechanism and a bidirectional separation strategy to adaptively aggregate spatial and temporal motion clues from constrained surrounding contexts. (3) We mathematically formulate the deformable cross attention, constraining that the model focuses solely on the regions centered at the target person body. Empirically, our method achieves state-of-the-art performance on three large-scale benchmark datasets. A remarkable highlight is that our method achieves an 84.8 mean Average Precision (mAP) on the challenging wrist joint, which significantly outperforms the 81.5 mAP achieved by the current state-of-the-art method on the PoseTrack2017 dataset. Copyright © 2025, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (***). All rights reserved.

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