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4th IEEE International Conference on Electrical, computer, and Energy Technologies, ICECET 2024

作者： Bachani, Viren Roychowdhury, Anish Dasgupta, Abhijit Ei-Alfy, Hazem BSc. Data Science SP Jain School of Global Management Sydney Australia SP Jain School of Global Management Data Science Dept. Sydney Australia SP Jain School of Global Management Data Science Dept. Mumbai India School of Computer Science University of Sydney Sydney Australia Alexandria University Faculty of Engineering Alexandria Egypt

ISBN: (纸本)9798350395914

Image segmentation is a prerequisite to almost all computer vision applications. It enables the extraction of meaningful information from visual inputs by partitioning images into segments with shared features. This review paper begins by outlining different image segmentation tasks. It then surveys a broad spectrum of segmentation techniques, ranging from classical frameworks to deep-learning (DL) architectures. We perform this through a systematic literature analysis across a handful of applications as part of our methodology. A key contribution of our survey is that it elaborates on a few situations where classical approaches outperform DL-based methods in accuracy, along with the added advantage of computational efficiency. In some cases, these findings also provoke interest in revisiting classical methods, prompting strategies that leverage the strengths of both paradigms. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Markov processes

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A Concise and Varied Visual Features-Based Image Captioning Model with Visual Selection

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computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第11期81卷 2873-2894页

作者： Alaa Thobhani Beiji Zou Xiaoyan Kui Amr Abdussalam Muhammad Asim Naveed Ahmed Mohammed Ali Alshara School of Computer Science and Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha410083China Electronic Engineering and Information Science Department University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China EIAS Data Science Lab College of Computer and Information SciencesPrince Sultan UniversityRiyadh11586Saudi Arabia College of Computer and Information Sciences Prince Sultan UniversityRiyadh11586Saudi Arabia College of Computer and Information Sciences Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic UniversityRiyadh11432Saudi Arabia

Image captioning has gained increasing attention in recent *** characteristics found in input images play a crucial role in generating high-quality *** studies have used visual attention mechanisms to dynamically focus on localized regions of the input image,improving the effectiveness of identifying relevant image regions at each step of caption ***,providing image captioning models with the capability of selecting the most relevant visual features from the input image and attending to them can significantly improve the utilization of these ***,this leads to enhanced captioning network *** light of this,we present an image captioning framework that efficiently exploits the extracted representations of the *** framework comprises three key components:the Visual Feature Detector module(VFD),the Visual Feature Visual Attention module(VFVA),and the language *** VFD module is responsible for detecting a subset of the most pertinent features from the local visual features,creating an updated visual features ***,the VFVA directs its attention to the visual features matrix generated by the VFD,resulting in an updated context vector employed by the language model to generate an informative *** the VFD and VFVA modules introduces an additional layer of processing for the visual features,thereby contributing to enhancing the image captioning model’s *** the MS-COCO dataset,our experiments show that the proposed framework competes well with state-of-the-art methods,effectively leveraging visual representations to improve *** implementation code can be found here:https://***/althobhani/VFDICM(accessed on 30 July 2024).

关键词： Visual attention image captioning visual feature detector visual feature visual attention

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Learning in sinusoidal spaces with physics-informed neural networks

IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence

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IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence 2024年第3期5卷 985-1000页

作者： Wong, Jian Cheng Ooi, Chin Chun Gupta, Abhishek Ong, Yew Soon Institute of High Performance Computing Agency for Science Technology and Research Singapore138632 Singapore School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore639798 Singapore Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology Agency for Science Technology and Research Singapore138632 Singapore Agency for Science Technology and Research Singapore138632 Singapore Data Science and Artificial Intelligence Research Centre School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore138632 Singapore

A physics-informed neural network (PINN) uses physics-Augmented loss functions, e.g., incorporating the residual term from governing partial differential equations (PDEs), to ensure its output is consistent with fundamental physics laws. However, it turns out to be difficult to train an accurate PINN model for many problems in practice. In this article, we present a novel perspective of the merits of learning in sinusoidal spaces with PINNs. By analyzing behavior at model initialization, we first show that a PINN of increasing expressiveness induces an initial bias around flat output functions. Notably, this initial solution can be very close to satisfying many physics PDEs, i.e., falling into a localminimum of the PINN loss that onlyminimizes PDE residuals, while still being far from the true solution that jointly minimizes PDE residuals and the initial and/or boundary conditions. It is difficult for gradient descent optimization to escape from such a local minimum trap, often causing the training to stall. We then prove that the sinusoidalmapping of inputs-in an architecture we label as sf-PINN-is effective to increase input gradient variability, thus avoiding being trapped in such deceptive local minimum. The level of variability can be effectively modulated to match high-frequency patterns in the problem at hand. A key facet of this article is the comprehensive empirical study that demonstrates the efficacy of learning in sinusoidal spaces with PINNs for a wide range of forward and inversemodeling problems spanning multiple physics domains. Impact Statement-Falling under the emerging field of physicsinformed machine learning, PINN models have tremendous potential as a unifying AI framework for assimilating physics theory and measurement data. However, they remain infeasible for broad science and engineering applications due to computational cost and training challenges, especially for more complex problems. Instead of focusing on empirical demonstration of appli

关键词： Gradient methods

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Secure RFID-Assisted Authentication Protocol for Vehicular Cloud Computing Environment

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IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 2024年第9期25卷 12528-12537页

作者： Saleem, Muhammad Asad Li, Xiong Mahmood, Khalid Tariq, Tayyaba Alenazi, Mohammed J. F. Das, Ashok Kumar University of Electronic Science and Technology of China School of Computer Science and Engineering Chengdu611731 China Institute for Cyber Security School of Computer Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu611731 China Sichuan University Key Laboratory of Data Protection and Intelligent Management Ministry of Education Chengdu610065 China Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Shenzhen518000 China National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Graduate School of Intelligent Data Science Yunlin Douliu64002 Taiwan National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Graduate School of Engineering Science and Technology Yunlin Douliu64002 Taiwan King Saud University College of Computer and Information Sciences Department of Computer Engineering Riyadh11451 Saudi Arabia International Institute of Information Technology Center for Security Theory and Algorithmic Research Hyderabad500032 India

Vehicular network technology has made substantial advancements in recent years in the field of Intelligent Transportation Systems. Vehicular Cloud Computing (VCC) has emerged as a novel paradigm with a substantial increase in data exchange within Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs). VCC integrates cloud computing, vehicular networking, and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies. It enables Infrastructure-to-Vehicle (I2V), Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V), and Vehicle-to-Device (V2D) communication. VCC optimizes vehicle, cloud infrastructure, and IoT resources while addressing significant communication security and vehicle-user privacy challenges. To address these issues, we developed an RFID-based authentication protocol for VCC based on a Henon map using a hash function. In addition, we also incorporated a Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) to resist physical tampering attacks. We validate the protocol's security formally and informally. The formal security analysis is conducted through a widely used RoR model. We use the Scyther simulation tool to verify the proposed protocol's security against various attacks. Moreover, we compare the performance of our protocol with similar existing protocols across important performance parameters such as communication and computation overheads and security attributes. The proposed protocol yields substantial improvements, demonstrating a 40.74% reduction in computation overhead and a 13.03% decrease in communication overhead as compared to related protocols, delivering both enhanced performance and resource efficiency. The analysis demonstrates its capacity to support secure communication in the VCC environment and satisfy desirable security attributes. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Authentication

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Decentralized Generative AI Model Deployment Using Microservices

Decentralized Generative AI Model Deployment Using Microserv...

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2024 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Quantum Computation-Based Sensor Applications, ICAIQSA 2024

作者： Jhingran, Sushant Bansal, Nidhi Chaturvedi, Rekha Singh, Ajeet Arora, Yojna School of Engineering and Technology Sharda University Department of Computer Science & Engineering Uttar Pradesh Greater Noida India Pune India School of Information Security and Data Science Manipal University Jaipur Department of Data Science and Engineering Jaipur India Moradabad Institute of Technology Department of Computer Science & Engineering Uttar Pradesh Moradabad India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331517953

The microservices are continuously growing in domains of communication using cloud and AI. Access to microservice can be done using any respective cloud environment. Access microservices using cloud require multiple configurations. These configurations can be set up in Kubernetes or containerized environments to lightweight any application which increases the performance of microservices. Multiple requests can create a concurrent call, which causes slow response. Generative AI models can be used to solve concurrent calls. Generative AI used a modular approach for microservice communications with API gateway. This allows microservices to function in a variety of contexts, including cloud, edge devices, and containers. This process refers to a decentralized approach which can only be implemented in the case of microservices and provide improvement in latency along with bandwidth. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Cloud Container Docker Generative AI Microservices

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Scalable and adaptive log manager in distributed systems

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Frontiers of computer science 2023年第2期17卷 45-62页

作者： Huan ZHOU Weining QIAN Xuan ZHOU Qiwen DONG Aoying ZHOU Wenrong TAN The Key Laboratory for Computer Systems of State Ethnic Affairs Commission Southwest Minzu UniversityChengdu 610041China School of Data Science and Engineering East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200062China

On-line transaction processing(OLTP)systems rely on transaction logging and quorum-based consensus protocol to guarantee durability,high availability and strong *** makes the log manager a key component of distributed database management systems(DDBMSs).The leader of DDBMSs commonly adopts a centralized logging method to writing log entries into a stable storage device and uses a constant log replication strategy to periodically synchronize its state to *** the advent of new hardware and high parallelism of transaction processing,the traditional centralized design of logging limits scalability,and the constant trigger condition of replication can not always maintain optimal performance under dynamic *** this paper,we propose a new log manager named Salmo with scalable logging and adaptive replication for distributed database *** scalable logging eliminates centralized contention by utilizing a highly concurrent data structure and speedy log hole *** kernel of adaptive replication is an adaptive log shipping method,which dynamically adjusts the number of log entries transmitted between leader and followers based on the real-time *** implemented and evaluated Salmo in the open-sourced transaction processing systems Cedar and *** results show that Salmo scales well by increasing the number of working threads,improves peak throughput by 1.56×and reduces latency by more than 4×over log replication of Raft,and maintains efficient and stable performance under dynamic workloads all the time.

关键词： distributed database systems transaction log-ging log replication scalable adaptive

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Advancing Semantic Edge Detection through Cross-Modal Knowledge Learning 24

Advancing Semantic Edge Detection through Cross-Modal Knowle...

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32nd ACM International Conference on Multimedia, MM 2024

作者： Deng, Ruoxi Yu, Bin Lu, Jinxuan Zhou, Caixia Chen, Zhao-Min Hu, Jie Wenzhou Institute of Data Research School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Wenzhou University Wenzhou China School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Wenzhou University Wenzhou China Beijing Key Laboratory of Traffic Data Analysis and Mining Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9798400706868

Semantic edge detection (SED) is pivotal for the precise demarcation of object boundaries, yet it faces ongoing challenges due to the prevalence of low-quality labels in current methods. In this paper, we present a novel solution to bolster SED through the encoding of both language and image data. Distinct from antecedent language-driven techniques, which predominantly utilize static elements such as dataset labels, our method taps into the dynamic language content that details the objects in each image and their interrelations. By encoding this varied input, we generate integrated features that utilize semantic insights to refine the high-level image features and the ultimate mask representations. This advancement improves the quality of these features and elevates SED performance. Experimental evaluation on benchmark datasets, including SBD and Cityscape, showcases the efficacy of our method, achieving leading ODS F-scores of 79.0 and 76.0, respectively. Our approach signifies a notable advancement in SED technology by seamlessly integrating multimodal textual information, embracing both static and dynamic aspects. © 2024 ACM.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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MedLogic-AQA: Enhancing Medical Question Answering with Abstractive Models Focusing on Logical Structures

MedLogic-AQA: Enhancing Medical Question Answering with Abst...

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2024 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, EMNLP 2024

作者： Zafar, Aizan Mishra, Kshitij Ekbal, Asif Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Patna India School of AI and Data Science Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur India

ISBN: (纸本)9798891761681

In Medical question-answering (QA) tasks, the need for effective systems is pivotal in delivering accurate responses to intricate medical queries. However, existing approaches often struggle to grasp the intricate logical structures and relationships inherent in medical contexts, thus limiting their capacity to furnish precise and nuanced answers. In this work, we address this gap by proposing a novel Abstractive QA system MEDLOGIC-AQA that harnesses First Order Logic (FOL) based rules extracted from both context and questions to generate well-grounded answers. Through initial experimentation, we identified six pertinent first-order logical rules, which were then used to train a Logic-Understanding (LU) model capable of generating logical triples for a given context, question, and answer. These logic triples are then integrated into the training of MEDLOGIC-AQA, enabling effective and coherent reasoning during answer generation. This distinctive fusion of logical reasoning with abstractive QA equips our system to produce answers that are logically sound, relevant, and engaging. Evaluation with respect to both automated and human-based demonstrates the robustness of MEDLOGIC-AQA against strong baselines. Through empirical assessments and case studies, we validate the efficacy of MEDLOGIC-AQA in elevating the quality and comprehensiveness of answers in terms of reasoning as well as informativeness. © 2024 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Computational linguistics

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Media Power Measuring via Emotional Contagion

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Journal of Social Computing 2024年第1期5卷 15-35页

作者： Xue Lin Hong Huang Zongya Li Hai Jin National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System LabCluster and Grid Computing LabSchool of Computer Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China School of Journalism Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China

Media power,the impact that media have on public opinion and perspectives,plays a significant role in maintaining internal stability,exerting external influence,and shaping international dynamics for nations/***,prior research has primarily concentrated on news content and reporting time,resulting in limitations in evaluating media *** more accurately assess media power,we use news content,news reporting time,and news emotion simultaneously to explore the emotional contagion between *** use emotional contagion to measure the mutual influence between media and regard the media with greater impact as having stronger media *** propose a framework called Measuring Media Power via Emotional Contagion(MMPEC)to capture emotional contagion among media,enabling a more accurate assessment of media power at the media and national/regional *** also interprets experimental results through correlation and causality analyses,ensuring *** analyses confirm the higher accuracy of MMPEC compared to other baseline models,as demonstrated in the context of COVID-19-related news,yielding compelling and interesting insights.

关键词： explainability media power emotional contagion

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DetectBench: Can Large Language Model Detect and Piece Together Implicit Evidence?

DetectBench: Can Large Language Model Detect and Piece Toget...

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2024 Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics, EMNLP 2024

作者： Gu, Zhouhong Zhang, Lin Zhu, Xiaoxuan Chen, Jiangjie Huang, Wenhao Zhang, Yikai Wang, Shusen Ye, Zheyu Gao, Yan Xiao, Yanghua Feng, Hongwei Shanghai Key Laboratory of Data Science School of Computer Science Fudan University China Meta United States Xiaohongshu Inc. China

ISBN: (纸本)9798891761681

Detecting evidence within the context is a key step in the process of reasoning task. Evaluating and enhancing the capabilities of LLMs in evidence detection will strengthen context-based reasoning performance. This paper proposes a benchmark called DetectBench for verifying the ability to detect and piece together implicit evidence within a long context. DetectBench contains 3,928 multiple-choice questions, with an average of 994 tokens per question. Each question contains an average of 4.55 pieces of implicit evidence, and solving the problem typically requires 7.62 logical jumps to find the correct answer. To enhance the performance of LLMs in evidence detection, this paper proposes Detective Reasoning Prompt and Finetune. Experiments demonstrate that the existing LLMs' abilities to detect evidence in long contexts are far inferior to humans. However, the Detective Reasoning Prompt effectively enhances the capability of powerful LLMs in evidence detection, while the Finetuning method shows significant effects in enhancing the performance of weaker LLMs. Moreover, when the abilities of LLMs in evidence detection are improved, their final reasoning performance is also enhanced accordingly. The benchmark is available in https://***/MikeGu721/DetectBench. © 2024 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Computational linguistics

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