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Spinal Lesion Detection in X-Ray Images via Edge Guidance and Context Aggregation

IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 2025年 74卷

作者： Guo, Lisha Peng, Bo Lei, Jianjun Zhang, Xu Zhao, Jun Huang, Qingming Tianjin University School of Electrical and Information Engineering Tianjin300072 China Hebei Medical University School of Medical Imaging Shijiazhuang Hebei050017 China Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Tianjin300060 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Computer Science and Technology Beijing101408 China

Spinal diseases typically cause serious consequences such as limited mobility and nerve damage, making accurate diagnosis clinically important for effective treatment. X-ray imaging plays a crucial role in diagnosing spinal diseases, so effectively detecting spinal lesions from X-ray images is of practical value. Considering that spinal lesions typically occur in the spine region and commonly lead to changes in the structural relationships among vertebrae, this article proposes a novel edge-guided and context-aggregated network (EGCA-Net) for spinal lesion detection. In particular, an edge-guided spine feature enhancement module is proposed to enhance the spine features with the guidance of the spine edge maps, thus obtaining discriminative spine features. Additionally, a context-aggregated structural relationship reasoning module is designed to obtain refined features of potential lesion regions by exploring the correlation between the potential lesion and context regions. With the designed edge-guided spine feature enhancement and context-aggregated structural relationship reasoning modules, the proposed EGCA-Net effectively explores the properties of spinal lesions, thus boosting spinal lesion detection performance. Experiments on the public spine X-ray dataset have validated the effectiveness of the proposed EGCA-Net. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Neurophysiology

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Anisotropic and Heterogeneous Thermal Conductivity in Programmed Liquid Metal Composites Through Direct Ink Writing

Anisotropic and Heterogeneous Thermal Conductivity in Progra...

引用

IEEE Symposium on Semiconductor Thermal Measurement and Management (SEMI-THERM)

作者： Ohnyoung Hur Eric J. Markvicka Michael D. Barlett Mechanical Engineering Soft Materials and Structures Lab Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA USA Mechanical & Materials Engineering Smart Materials Robotics Lab University of Nebraska-Lincoln NE Electrical & Computer Engineering University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE School of Computing University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE Macromolecules Innovation Institute Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA USA

ISBN: (数字)9781735532554

ISBN: (纸本)9798331599362

Effective thermal management in electric vehicles, electronics, and robotics requires the ability to dissipate and direct heat flow systematically. Thermally conductive soft composites show promise for thermal management due to their high thermal conductivity and mechanical flexibility. However, conventional composites often exhibit a uniform microstructure throughout a film, limiting the directional and spatial control necessary for managing distributed heat loads in emerging systems. In this study, we demonstrate how to program directional and spatially tunable thermal properties into liquid metal (LM) soft composites using a direct ink writing (DIW) process. By locally controlling the aspect ratio and orientation of LM droplets, we achieve a thermal conductivity of 9.9 W/ m. K in the direction of LM elongation, which is approximately 40 times greater than that of an unfilled elastomer (0.24 W/m. K). This approach introduces anisotropic and heterogeneous thermal conductivity in compliant films, enabling precise control over both the direction and magnitude of heat transfer. This methodology and the resulting materials offer engineered thermal management solutions for both rigid and soft devices.

关键词： Thermal management of electronics Liquids Metals Ink Conductivity Writing Anisotropic Thermal conductivity Thermal management Microstructure

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Studying cost-sensitive learning for multi-class imbalance in Internet traffic classification

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The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications 2012年第6期19卷 63-72页

作者： LIU Zhen LIU Qiong School of Soft Engineering South China University of Technology School of Computer Science and Engineering South China University of Technology

Cost-sensitive learning has been applied to resolve the multi-class imbalance problem in Internet traffic classification and it has achieved considerable results. But the classification performance on the minority classes with a few bytes is still unhopeful because the existing research only focuses on the classes with a large amount of bytes. Therefore, the class-dependent misclassification cost is studied. Firstly, the flow rate based cost matrix （FCM） is investigated. Secondly, a new cost matrix named weighted cost matrix （WCM） is proposed, which calculates a reasonable weight for each cost of FCM by regarding the data imbalance degree and classification accuracy of each class. It is able to further improve the classification performance on the difficult minority class （the class with more flows but worse classification accuracy）. Experimental results on twelve real traffic datasets show that FCM and WCM obtain more than 92% flow g-mean and 80% byte g-mean on average; on the test set collected one year later, WCM outperforms FCM in terms of stability.

关键词： Internet traffic classification minority class cost matrix machine learning

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Efficient production of hydrogen-rich syngas by pyrolysis coupled with catalytic steam reforming of degradable polylactic acid waste plastics over high-entropy oxide catalyst

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International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2025年

作者： Wu, Jiaxuan He, Xi Xu, Liujie Song, Qingbin Tian, Zhipeng Wang, Chao Zhao, Ming Zhou, Guopeng Gao, Yajing National Observation and Research Station of Coastal Ecological Environments in Macao Macao Environmental Research Institute Faculty of Innovation Engineering Macau University of Science and Technology Macao SAR 999078 China School of Computer Science and Engineering Faculty of Innovation Engineering Macau University of Science and Technology Macao SAR 999078 China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Functional Soft Condensed Matter School of Materials and Energy Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou510006 China Key Laboratory for Solid Waste Management and Environment Safety Ministry of Education School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China China Huaneng Group Energy Research Institute Beijing100031 China

To mitigate the solid waste crisis, converting waste plastics into valuable products through thermochemical processes, such as through pyrolysis, is emerging. Polylactic acid (PLA) plastics are difficult to separate from other plastics in solid waste, and mixed waste is usually directly landfilled or incinerated. Moreover, studies focused solely on the pyrolysis of PLA plastic remain relatively scarce. The large amount of tar produced during plastic pyrolysis can reduce the high-value production of hydrogen, and high-entropy oxide (HEO) catalyst exhibit excellent performance in tar conversion and anti-carbon deposition. In this research, HEO catalyst was synthesized by the sol-gel method for the pyrolysis of waste PLA plastic volatiles, aiming to generate H2-rich syngas in a two-stage integrated reactor system. During catalytic reforming, the highest hydrogen production was 124.1 mmol∙gPLA−1, and the gas yield based on plastic mass reached 259.8 wt%. The superiority of HEO catalyst stems from the synergistic interaction of various elements, enhancing the structural stability of the high-entropy system and increasing oxygen vacancies, resulting in strong C–C and C–H bond-breaking capabilities in the Ce, Mg, Fe, Co, and Ni HEO catalyst. In addition, this study investigated the mechanism of PLA's simple pyrolysis and the role of the HEO catalyst in the catalytic steam reforming of PLA. This study developed a novel high-entropy aluminate catalyst demonstrating efficient hydrogen-rich syngas production, providing an innovative approach for generating hydrogen-rich syngas from high-molecular-weight polymer plastics through pyrolysis coupled with catalytic steam reforming. © 2025 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC

关键词： Sol-gel process

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Recent Advances in Fibrous Materials for Hydroelectricity Generation

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第2期17卷 109-133页

作者： Can Ge Duo Xu Xiao Feng Xing Yang Zheheng Song Yuhang Song Jingyu Chen Yingcun Liu Chong Gao Yong Du Zhe Sun Weilin Xu Jian Fang College of Textile and Clothing Engineering Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215123People’s Republic of China National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215123People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies Wuhan Textile UniversityWuhan 430200People’s Republic of China Institute of Functional Nano&Soft Materials(FUNSOM) Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215123People’s Republic of China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of MassachusettsAmherstMA 01003USA Department of Materials Imperial College LondonSouth Kensington CampusLondon SW72AZUK College of Textile Science and Engineering Zhejiang Sci-Tech UniversityHangzhou 310018People’s Republic of China School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai Institute of Technology100 Haiquan RoadShanghai 201418People’s Republic of China

Depleting fossil energy sources and conventional polluting power generation pose a threat to sustainable *** generation from ubiquitous and spontaneous phase transitions between liquid and gaseous water has been considered a promising strategy for mitigating the energy *** materials with unique flexibility,processability,multifunctionality,and practicability have been widely applied for fibrous materials-based hydroelectricity generation(FHG).In this review,the power generation mechanisms,design principles,and electricity enhancement factors of FHG are first ***,the fabrication strategies and characteristics of varied constructions including 1D fiber,1D yarn,2D fabric,2D membrane,3D fibrous framework,and 3D fibrous gel are ***,the advanced functions of FHG during water harvesting,proton dissociation,ion separation,and charge accumulation processes are analyzed in ***,the potential applications including power supply,energy storage,electrical sensor,and information expression are also ***,some existing challenges are considered and prospects for future development are sincerely proposed.

关键词： Hydroelectricity Fibrous material Streaming potential Ion diffusion

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Spreading dynamics of information on online social networks

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Meng, Fanhui Xie, Jiarong Sun, Jiachen Xu, Cong Zeng, Yutian Wang, Xiangrong Jia, Tao Huang, Shuhong Deng, Youjin Hu, Yanqing School of Systems Science and Engineering Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou510275 China Center for Computational Communication Research Beijing Normal University Zhuhai519087 China School of Journalism and Communication Beijing Normal University Beijing100875 China School of Computer Science and Engineering Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou510006 China Department of Statistics and Data Science College of Science Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China College of Computer and Information Science Chongqing Normal University Chongqing401331 China College of Computer and Information Science Southwest University Chongqing400715 China Institute of Neuroscience Technical University of Munich Munich80802 Germany Department of Modern Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China MinJiang Collaborative Center for Theoretical Physics College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering Minjiang University Fuzhou350108 China Center for Complex Flows and Soft Matter Research Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China

Social media is profoundly changing our society with its unprecedented spreading power. Due to the complexity of human behaviors and the diversity of massive messages, the information spreading dynamics are complicated, and the reported mechanisms are different and even controversial. Based on data from mainstream social media platforms, including WeChat, Weibo, and Twitter, cumulatively encompassing a total of 7.45 billion users, we uncover a ubiquitous mechanism that the information spreading dynamics are basically driven by the interplay of social reinforcement and social weakening effects. Accordingly, we propose a concise equation, which, surprisingly, can well describe all the empirical large-scale spreading trajectories. Our theory resolves a number of controversial claims and satisfactorily explains many phenomena previously observed. It also reveals that the highly clustered nature of social networks can lead to rapid and high-frequency information bursts with relatively small coverage per burst. This vital feature enables social media to have a high capacity and diversity for information dissemination, beneficial for its ecological development. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Tweets

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TGAIN:Geospatial Data Recovery Algorithm Based on GAIN-LSTM

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computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第10期81卷 1471-1489页

作者： Lechan Yang Li Li Shouming Ma School of Soft Engineering Jinling Institute of TechnologyNanjing211169China School of Computer Jinling Institute of TechnologyNanjing211169China School of Network Security Jinling Institute of TechnologyNanjing211169China

Accurate geospatial data are essential for geographic information systems(GIS),environmental monitoring,and urban *** deep integration of the open Internet and geographic information technology has led to increasing challenges in the integrity and security of spatial *** this paper,we consider abnormal spatial data as missing data and focus on abnormal spatial data *** geospatial data recovery methods require complete datasets for training,resulting in time-consuming data recovery and lack of *** address these issues,we propose a GAIN-LSTM-based geospatial data recovery method(TGAIN),which consists of two main works:(1)it uses a long-short-term recurrent neural network(LSTM)as a generator to analyze geospatial temporal data and capture its temporal correlation;(2)it constructs a complete TGAIN network using a cue-masked fusion matrix mechanism to obtain data that matches the original distribution of the input *** experimental results on two publicly accessible datasets demonstrate that our proposed TGAIN approach surpasses four contemporary and traditional models in terms of mean absolute error(MAE),root mean square error(RMSE),mean square error(MSE),mean absolute percentage error(MAPE),coefficient of determination(R2)and average computational time across various data missing ***,TGAIN exhibits superior accuracy and robustness in data recovery compared to existing models,especially when dealing with a high rate of missing *** model is of great significance in improving the integrity of geospatial data and provides data support for practical applications such as urban traffic optimization prediction and personal mobility analysis.

关键词： Geospatial data data recovery generative adversarial networks temporal correlation

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Hybridization of colloidal handlebodies with singular defects and topological solitons in chiral liquid crystals

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Lee, Jun-Yong Kumari, Asha Yuan, Ye Tasinkevych, Mykola Smalyukh, Ivan I. International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter Hiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima739-8526 Japan Department of Physics and Mathematics School of Science and Technology Nottingham Trent University Clifton Lane NottinghamNG11 8NS United Kingdom Department of Physics University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States Department of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering Materials Science and Engineering Program and Soft Materials Research Center University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute National Renewable Energy Laboratory University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States

Topology can manifest itself in colloids when quantified by invariants like Euler characteristics of nonzero-genus colloidal surfaces, albeit spherical colloidal particles are most often studied, and colloidal particles with complex topology are rarely considered. On the other hand, singular defects and topological solitons often define the physical behavior of the molecular alignment director fields in liquid crystals. Interestingly, nematic liquid crystalline dispersions of colloidal particles allow for probing the interplay between topologies of surfaces and fields, but only a limited number of such cases have been explored so far. Here, we study the hybridization of topological solitons, singular defects, and topologically nontrivial colloidal particles with the genus of surfaces different from zero in a chiral nematic liquid crystal phase. Hybridization occurs when distortions separately induced by colloidal particles and LC solitons overlap, leading to energy minimization-driven redistribution of director field deformations and defects. As a result, hybrid director configurations emerge, combining topological features from both components. We uncover a host of director field configurations complying with topological theorems, which can be controlled by applying electric fields. Rotational and translational dynamics arise due to the nonreciprocal evolution of the director fields in response to alternating electric fields of different frequencies. These findings help define a platform for controlling topologically hyper-complex colloidal structures and dynamics with electrically reconfigurable singular defects and topological solitons induced by colloidal handlebodies. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Topology

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Real-Time Foot Pressure Mapping Using a Smart Insole with Sinusoidally Embedded Fiber Bragg Gratings 16

Real-Time Foot Pressure Mapping Using a Smart Insole with Si...

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16th Pacific Rim Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO-PR 2024

作者： Binder, Steven Anton, Thomas Fok, Mable School of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of Engineering University of Georgia Photonics and Soft Robotics Laboratory AthensGA30602 United States

A flexible smart insole with sinusoidally embedded fiber Bragg grating sensors is designed and fabricated for delamination-free real time foot pressure mapping. The unique sensor configuration allows for accurate and ... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9798350372076

关键词： Fiber Bragg gratings

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Biomimetics in Photonic Systems 16

Biomimetics in Photonic Systems

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16th Pacific Rim Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO-PR 2024

作者： Fok, Mable P. School of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of Engineering University of Georgia Photonics and Soft Robotics Lab AthensGA30602 United States

By learning and mimicking strategies of living organisms, effective photonics systems can be designed to tackle technology challenges. Biomimetics in microwave photonic systems and fiber-optic sensing systems for soft... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9798350372076

关键词： Microwave photonics

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