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A cross Transformer for image denoising

Information Fusion 2024年 102卷

作者： Tian, Chunwei Zheng, Menghua Zuo, Wangmeng Zhang, Shichao Zhang, Yanning Lin, Chia-Wen School of Software Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'anShaanxi710129 China National Engineering Laboratory for Integrated Aero-Space-Ground-Ocean Big Data Application Technology Xi'anShaanxi710129 China School of Computer Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Heilongjiang Harbin150001 China Peng Cheng Laboratory Guangdong Shenzhen518055 China School of Computer Science and Engineering Central South University Hunan Changsha410083 China School of Computer Science Northwestern Polytechnical University Shaanxi Xi'an710129 China Department of Electrical Engineering and the Institute of Communications Engineering National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan

Deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) depend on feedforward and feedback ways to obtain good performance in image denoising. However, how to obtain effective structural information via CNNs to efficiently represent given noisy images is key for complex scenes. In this paper, we propose a cross Transformer denoising CNN (CTNet) with a serial block (SB), a parallel block (PB), and a residual block (RB) to obtain clean images for complex scenes. A SB uses an enhanced residual architecture to deeply search structural information for image denoising. To avoid loss of key information, PB uses three heterogeneous networks to implement multiple interactions of multi-level features to broadly search for extra information for improving the adaptability of an obtained denoiser for complex scenes. Also, to improve denoising performance, Transformer mechanisms are embedded into the SB and PB to extract complementary salient features for effectively removing noise in terms of pixel relations. Finally, a RB is applied to acquire clean images. Experiments illustrate that our CTNet is superior to some popular denoising methods in terms of real and synthetic image denoising. It is suitable to mobile digital devices, i.e., phones. Codes can be obtained at https://***/hellloxiaotian/CTNet. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Image denoising

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Single Image 3D Reconstruction Based on Attention Mechanism and Graph Convolution Network 22

Single Image 3D Reconstruction Based on Attention Mechanism ...

引用

8th International Conference on Computing and Artificial Intelligence, ICCAI 2022

作者： Gao, Wei Yu, Liyang Du, Yuanyuan Lu, Songfeng Software Development Center of Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited Zhuhai519000 China School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China School of Cyber Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430072 China Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute Shenzhen518057 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781450396110

This paper innovatively proposes a channel attention mechanism and graph convolutional network model adapted to 3D reconstruction, and combines the target detection model to construct a neural network that generates a target 3D model from a single RGB image. The model first generates the target 3D Voxels, and further generates a more refined 3D Meshes model through the graph convolutional network. Compared with the control group algorithm, the Pix3D datasetAPmesh index has been improved by 2.8%, which fully proves the effectiveness of the model in single-image 3D reconstruction. The experimental results show that the algorithm has good usability in the 3D reconstruction of actual mesh points. © 2022 Association for Computing Machinery. All rights reserved.

关键词： Convolution

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Bi-Causal: Group Activity Recognition via Bidirectional Causality

Bi-Causal: Group Activity Recognition via Bidirectional Caus...

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Conference on computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)

作者： Youliang Zhang Wenxuan Liu Danni Xu Zhuo Zhou Zheng Wang National Engineering Research Center for Multimedia Software Institute of Artificial Intelligence School of Computer Science Wuhan University Hubei Key Laboratory of Multimedia and Network Communication Engineering Wuhan University of Technology National University of Singapore

ISBN: (数字)9798350353006

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353013

Current approaches in Group Activity Recognition (GAR) predominantly emphasize Human Relations (HRs) while often neglecting the impact of Human-Object Inter-actions (HOIs). This study prioritizes the consideration of both HRs and HOIs, emphasizing their interdependence. Notably, employing Granger Causality Tests reveals the presence of bidirectional causality between HRs and HOIs. Leveraging this insight, we propose a Bidirectional-Causal GAR network. This network establishes a causality commu-nication channel while modeling relations and interactions, enabling reciprocal enhancement between human-object interactions and human relations, ensuring their mutual consistency. Additionally, an Interaction Module is devised to effectively capture the dynamic nature of human-object interactions. Comprehensive experiments conducted on two publicly available datasets showcase the superiority of our proposed method over state-of-the-art approaches. Our project page: https://***/***/

关键词： computer vision Computational modeling Cause effect analysis Communication channels Activity recognition

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Patient-Level Anatomy Meets Scanning-Level Physics: Personalized Federated Low-Dose CT Denoising Empowered by Large Language Model

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Yang, Ziyuan Chen, Yingyu Wang, Zhiwen Shan, Hongming Chen, Yang Zhang, Yi College of Computer Science Sichuan University China Key Laboratory of Data Protection and Intelligent Management Ministry of Education Sichuan University China School of Cyber Science and Engineering Sichuan University China School of Computer Science and Software Engineering Southwest Petroleum University China Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-inspired Intelligence Fudan University China School of Computer Science and Engineering Southeast University China

Reducing radiation doses benefits patients, however, the resultant low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) images often suffer from clinically unacceptable noise and artifacts. While deep learning (DL) shows promise in LDCT reconstruction, it requires large-scale data collection from multiple clients, raising privacy concerns. Federated learning (FL) has been introduced to address these privacy concerns;however, current methods are typically tailored to specific scanning protocols, which limits their generalizability and makes them less effective for unseen protocols. To address these issues, we propose SCAN-PhysFed, a novel SCanning- and ANatomy-level personalized Physics-Driven Federated learning paradigm for LDCT reconstruction. Since the noise distribution in LDCT data is closely tied to scanning protocols and anatomical structures being scanned, we design a dual-level physics-informed way to address these challenges. Specifically, we incorporate physical and anatomical prompts into our physics-informed hypernetworks to capture scanning- and anatomy-specific information, enabling dual-level physics-driven personalization of imaging features. These prompts are derived from the scanning protocol and the radiology report generated by a medical large language model (MLLM), respectively. Subsequently, client-specific decoders project these dual-level personalized imaging features back into the image domain. Besides, to tackle the challenge of unseen data, we introduce a novel protocol vector-quantization strategy Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： computerized tomography

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A reinforcement learning and predictive analytics approach for enhancing credit assessment in manufacturing

引用

Decision Analytics Journal 2025年 15卷

作者： Razaque, Abdul Beishenaly, Aliya Kalpeyeva, Zhuldyz Uskenbayeva, Raisa Nikolaevna, Moldagulova Aiman Department of Software Engineering & AI School of Computing Gachon University Seongnam-si South Korea Department of Software Engineering Institute of Automation and Information Technologies Satbayev University Kazakhstan Department of Computer Engineering International Information Technology University (IITU) Almaty Kazakhstan

The fundamental issue with a credit system for manufacturers and importers of commodities is inefficient credit assessment. Traditional techniques frequently produce inaccurate risk assessments and credit scores, resulting in financial losses for lenders, missing business growth possibilities, and less favorable client conditions. To overcome this issue, a comprehensive credit assessment scoring system should be implemented to increase importers’ confidence. The article proposes a predictive-based reinforcement learning (PRL) model to help manufacturers and importers acquire more accurate and dependable credit scores while avoiding default risk. Furthermore, the proposed PRL model enhances decision-making, system efficiency, and risk-tolerant financial conditions. To attain these cutting-edge objectives, the proposed PRL model combines three algorithms. Algorithm 1 collects and aggregates data to indicate areas for improvement if credit scoring is poor. Algorithm 2 uses reinforcement learning to validate and enhance bank scores. Algorithm 3 focuses on predictive modeling for bank scoring, ensuring that the credit decision-making system is operational and constantly improving. Furthermore, reinforcement learning leverages the features from local interpretable model-agnostic explanations (LIME) and shapely additive explanations (SHAP) to generate locally reliable explanations and attribute the contribution of each feature for determining the output of the model. The Python platform tests the proposed PRL to achieve the objectives. Based on the results, The PRL model markedly enhances credit assessment precision, achieving an accuracy of over 99.5%, which outstrips current methodologies such OCLA (96.12%), PSML (84.12%), and EMPCC (91.67%). Furthermore, the PRL model augments leverage ratios, rising from 2.75% in 2015 to 3.36% in 2024.5, and increases accounts receivable turnover from 4.38% in 2015 to 7.4% in 2024.5, surpassing alternative credit evaluation methodologi

关键词： Financial analytics Intelligent credit systems Machine learning Manufacturing Predictive analytics Reinforcement learning

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Communication-Efficient Distributed Stochastic Gradient Descent with Pooling Operator

SSRN

引用

SSRN 2023年

作者： Cai, Zhengao Chen, Aiguo Luo, Yi Li, Jiahao Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Study University of Electronic Science and Technology of China China School of Computer Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China China School of Information and Software Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China China

Training deep neural networks on large datasets can be accelerated by distributing the computations across multiple worker nodes. The distributed stochastic gradient descent (D-SGD) algorithm combined with gradient sparsification is a typical algorithm for this distributed training model, which guarantees better convergence and can significantly reduce communication bandwidth. However, we find that the existing gradient sparsification algorithms ignore the local correlation between gradient values under certain conditions, which can incur a loss of accuracy since the update region of the global parameter will stay in a particular area for a long epoch. Based on this observation, we introduced the pooling operator to solve this problem and combined it with the error-feedback method to design a new communication-efficient distributed gradient descent algorithm. We prove our algorithm converges at the same rate as vanilla SGD when equipped with error feedback. Experiments on CNN, an LSTM, and a ResNet model demonstrated that our algorithm could compress the number of uploaded gradient bits by two or three orders of magnitude while guaranteeing the high accuracy of the model. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Large dataset

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Comprehensive Evaluation of ChatGPT Reliability Through Multilingual Inquiries

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Puttaparthi, Poorna Chander Reddy Deo, Soham Sanjay Gul, Hakan Tang, Yiming Shang, Weiyi Yu, Zhe Department of Software Engineering Rochester Institute of Technology RochesterNY United States School of Information Rochester Institute of Technology RochesterNY United States Department of Computer Science Rochester Institute of Technology RochesterNY United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo WaterlooON Canada

ChatGPT is currently the most popular large language model (LLM), with over 100 million users, making a significant impact on people's lives. However, due to the presence of jailbreak vulnerabilities, ChatGPT might have negative effects on people's lives, potentially even facilitating criminal activities. Testing whether ChatGPT can cause jailbreak is crucial because it can enhance ChatGPT's security, reliability, and social responsibility. Inspired by previous research revealing the varied performance of LLMs in different language translations, we suspected that wrapping prompts in multiple languages might lead to ChatGPT jailbreak. To investigate this, we designed a study with a fuzzing testing approach to analyzing ChatGPT's cross-linguistic proficiency. Our study includes three strategies by automatically posing different formats of malicious questions to ChatGPT: (1) each malicious question involving only one language, (2) multilingual malicious questions, (3) specifying that ChatGPT responds in a language different from the questions. In addition, we also combine our strategies by utilizing prompt injection templates to wrap the three aforementioned types of questions. We examined a total of 7,892 Q&A data points, discovering that multilingual wrapping can indeed lead to ChatGPT's jailbreak, with different wrapping strategies having varying effects on jailbreak probability. Prompt injection can amplify the probability of jailbreak caused by multilingual wrapping. This study provides insights for OpenAI developers to enhance ChatGPT's support for language diversity and inclusion. © 2023, CC BY.

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Relaxed Rotational Equivariance via G-Biases in Vision

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Wu, Zhiqiang Liu, Yingjie Sun, Licheng Yang, Jian Dong, Hanlin Lin, Shing-Ho J. Tang, Xuan Mi, Jinpeng Jin, Bo Wei, Xian Software Engineering Institute East China Normal University China School of Geospatial Information Information Engineering University China School of Artificial Intelligence University of Chinese Academy of Sciences China School of Communication and Electronic Engineering East China Normal University China Institute of Machine Intelligence University of Shanghai for Science and Technology China School of Computer Science and Technology Tongji University China

Group Equivariant Convolution (GConv) can capture rotational equivariance from original data. It assumes uniform and strict rotational equivariance across all features as the transformations under the specific group. However, the presentation or distribution of real-world data rarely conforms to strict rotational equivariance, commonly referred to as Rotational Symmetry-Breaking (RSB) in the system or dataset, making GConv unable to adapt effectively to this phenomenon. Motivated by this, we propose a simple but highly effective method to address this problem, which utilizes a set of learnable biases called G-Biases under the group order to break strict group constraints and then achieve a Relaxed Rotational Equivariant Convolution (RREConv). To validate the efficiency of RREConv, we conduct extensive ablation experiments on the discrete rotational group Cn. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed RREConv-based methods achieve excellent performance compared to existing GConv-based methods in both classification and 2D object detection tasks on the natural image datasets. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Convolution

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A Parallel and Pipelined Hardware Architecture for Fractional-Pixel Motion Estimation in AVS3

A Parallel and Pipelined Hardware Architecture for Fractiona...

引用

2022 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics, ICCE 2022

作者： Zeng, Yuning Zhu, Xizhong Xiang, Guoqing Hao, Zhijian Zhang, Peng Huang, Xiaofeng Yan, Wei Peking University School of Software and Microelectronics Beijing China Advanced Institute of Information Technology Peking University Beijing China Peking University Shenzhen Guraduate School School of Electronic and Computer Engineering Shenzhen China Fudan University State Key Laboratory of ASIC System Shanghai China Hangzhou Dianzi University School of Communication Engineering Hangzhou China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665441544

The latest generation of video coding standards has significantly improved video coding performance. The third generation of audio video coding standards (AVS3) is one of these latest standards. However, due to the more flexible block partition mechanism in AVS3, the computational overhead brought by fractional-pixel motion estimation (FME) increases significantly, making it more difficult to implement a real-time FME hardware. In this paper, a parallel and pipelined hardware architecture supporting block sizes from 4x4 to 64x64 is proposed for FME in AVS3, and it is specially designed for coding tree unit (CTU)-level pipelined architecture of AVS3 encoder. Three necessary modules are developed in this architecture. The first module concerns derivation of motion vector predictors (MVPs). The second module is used to derive fractional-pixel motion vectors (FMVs) of coding units (CUs) partitioned by Binary-tree (BT) and Quad-Tree (QT) mechanisms. And a motion vector substitution (MVS) module is proposed to substitute the FMVs of the remaining CUs with the FMVs derived in the second module. Experimental results show that the proposed methods suffer only 0.62% performance degradation in BD-Rate. Furthermore, the architecture is implemented on XILINX ALVEO U250 FPGA at 400 MHz and the presented FME hardware design can support the real-time encoding of 4K@30fps. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Pipelines

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TSEML: A task-specific embedding-based method for few-shot classification of cancer molecular subtypes

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Su, Ran Shi, Rui Cui, Hui Xuan, Ping Fang, Chengyan Feng, Xikang Jin, Qiangguo School of Computer Software College of Intelligence and Computing Tianjin University Tianjin China School of Software Northwestern Polytechnical University Shaanxi China Department of Computer Science and Information Technology La Trobe University Melbourne Australia Department of Computer Science School of Engineering Shantou University Guangdong China Yangtze River Delta Research Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University Taicang China

Molecular subtyping of cancer is recognized as a critical and challenging upstream task for personalized therapy. Existing deep learning methods have achieved significant performance in this domain when abundant data samples are available. However, the acquisition of densely labeled samples for cancer molecular subtypes remains a significant challenge for conventional data-intensive deep learning approaches. In this work, we focus on the few-shot molecular subtype prediction problem in heterogeneous and small cancer datasets, aiming to enhance precise diagnosis and personalized treatment. We first construct a new few-shot dataset for cancer molecular subtype classification and auxiliary cancer classification, named TCGA Few-Shot, from existing publicly available datasets. To effectively leverage the relevant knowledge from both tasks, we introduce a task-specific embedding-based meta-learning framework (TSEML). TSEML leverages the synergistic strengths of a model-agnostic meta-learning (MAML) approach and a prototypical network (ProtoNet) to capture diverse and fine-grained features. Comparative experiments conducted on the TCGA Few-Shot dataset demonstrate that our TSEML framework achieves superior performance in addressing the problem of few-shot molecular subtype classification. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Zero-shot learning

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