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6th International Conference on Blockchain computing and Applications, BCCA 2024

作者： Ngwu, Chukwunonso Jaroucheh, Zakwan Pitropakis, Nikolaos School of Computing Engineering & the Built Environment Edinburgh Napier University United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9798350351538

With the G-20 prioritising the development of a solution that will address the challenges of cross-border payment, a lot of focus and research has been exploring ways of using a decentralised ledger technology (DLT) solution to address this challenge. Some of the issues that have been identified with the DLT option are interoperability, scalability, security, and privacy. Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) implementing DLT have also been acknowledged by experts as having the potential to address some of these challenges. Given the focus on CBDCs as an alternative technology that could address the shortcomings of traditional cross-border payment systems, some of the design challenges that are impacting their widespread adoption have come to the fore. Considering that early CBDC projects were in reaction to emerging digital currencies and therefore were meant to address the domestic needs of each implementing jurisdiction, the lack of a common development framework for developing the technology contributed to the challenge of the interoperability of the various CBDCs across jurisdictions and has impacted it’s full-scale adoption as an alternative to existing cross-border payment systems. With specific focus on regulatory frameworks used by various jurisdictions and also an identified challenge of CBDCs, this paper explores Customer Due Diligence (CDD) regulation as a mechanism for combating anti-money laundering (AML) and counter-terrorist financing (CFT). As part of the efforts to adapt cross-border payment system into a world of distributed ledgers relying on smart contracts, it reviews the impact of divergent regulatory frameworks that limit the interoperability of CBDCs. It discusses some of the existing techniques in place for conducting CDD, such as Know Your Customer (KYC) and how they fit with the new technology. It concludes with a proposal on how the incongruence of legal frameworks and AML/CFT regulations, can be addressed and standardised using new te

关键词： Distributed ledger

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Model Predictive Current Control for Low-Cost Shunt Active Power Filter

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第4期10卷 1589-1598页

作者： Ali A.Abdel-Aziz Mohamed A.Elgenedy Barry W.Williams the Electronic and Electrical Engineering Department Strathclyde UniversityGlasgowG11XQUK School of Computing Engineering and the Built Environment(SCEBE)Glasgow Caledonian UniversityGlasgowG40BAUK

Performance of a three-phase shunt active power filter(SAPF)relies on the capability of the controller to track the reference ***,designing an accurate current controller is crucial to guarantee satisfactory SAPF *** paper presents a model predictive current controller(MPCC)for a low-cost,four-switch,shunt active power filter for power quality improvement.A four-switch,B4,converter topology is adopted as an SAPF,hence offering a simple,robust,and low-cost *** addition,to further reduce overall cost,only two interfacing filter inductors,instead of three,are used to eliminate switching current *** proposed SAPF model MPCC is detailed for implementation,where simulation and experimental results validate effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm showing a 20%improvement in total harmonic distortion compared with a conventional hysteresis band current controller.

关键词： Four-switch converter harmonic distortion model predictive current control power quality shunt active power filter

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Vacuum Insulation Panels for Domestic New Builds and Refurbishment in Scotland 15th

Vacuum Insulation Panels for Domestic New Builds and Refurbi...

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15th KES International Conference on Sustainability and Energy in Buildings, SEB 2023

作者： Mitchell, Nicolle Sajjadian, Seyed Masoud School of Computing Engineering and the Built Environment Edinburgh Napier University Edinburgh United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9789819985005

Insulations have fundamental role in buildings’ thermal performance by assisting in reducing heat loss and excessive heat gain through the thermal envelope, which subsequently reduces the demand on heating and cooling systems. Increased energy performance requirements within regulations and government targets for reduced carbon emissions have driven an expansion in the types of insulation available within the industry. High demand for housing has increased the number of new build developments and conversions of existing properties, which must comply with current building regulations. This paper reviews the suitability of vacuum insulation panels (VIPs) for domestic properties in the UK and concludes that the panels are not recommended for new properties with a proposed lengthy lifespan, and further research and standardising of tests are required to establish more accurate lifespans of the panels. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.

关键词： Thermal insulation

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Code Reviewer Intelligent Prediction in Open Source Industrial Software Project

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Computer Modeling in engineering & Sciences 2023年第10期137卷 687-704页

作者： Zhifang Liao Bolin Zhang Xuechun Huang Song Yu Yan Zhang School of Computer Science and Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha410083China Department of Computing School of ComputingEngineering and Built EnvironmentGlasgow Caledonian UniversityGlasgowG40BAUK

Currently, open-source software is gradually being integrated into industrial software, while industry protocolsin industrial software are also gradually transferred to open-source community development. Industrial protocolstandardization organizations are confronted with fragmented and numerous code PR (Pull Request) and informalproposals, and differentworkflowswill lead to increased operating costs. The open-source community maintenanceteam needs software that is more intelligent to guide the identification and classification of these issues. To solvethe above problems, this paper proposes a PR review prediction model based on multi-dimensional features. Weextract 43 features of PR and divide them into five dimensions: contributor, reviewer, software project, PR, andsocial network of developers. The model integrates the above five-dimensional features, and a prediction model isbuilt based on a Random Forest Classifier to predict the review results of PR. On the other hand, to improve thequality of rejected PRs, we focus on problems raised in the review process and review comments of similar *** a PR revision recommendation model based on the PR review knowledge graph. Entity information andrelationships between entities are extracted from text and code information of PRs, historical review comments,and related issues. PR revisions will be recommended to code contributors by graph-based similarity *** experimental results illustrate that the above twomodels are effective and robust in PR review result predictionand PR revision recommendation.

关键词： Open source software pull request random forest knowledge graph

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Investigating Markers and Drivers of Gender Bias in Machine Translations 31

Investigating Markers and Drivers of Gender Bias in Machine ...

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31st IEEE International Conference on Software Analysis, Evolution and Reengineering, SANER 2024

作者： Barclay, Peter J Sami, Ashkan School of Computing Engineering and Built Environment Edinburgh Napier University Edinburgh United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9798350330663

Implicit gender bias in Large Language Models (LLMs) is a well-documented problem that needs to be better understood in order to be addressed effectively. Implications of gender introduced into automatic translations can perpetuate real-world biases in Software engineering and other domains. However, some LLMs use heuristics or post-processing to mask such bias, which makes investigation more difficult. Here, we examine bias in language models via back-translation, using the DeepL online translation service to investigate the bias evinced when repeatedly translating a set of 56 Software engineering tasks used in a previous study. Each statement starts with 'she', and is translated first into a 'genderless' intermediate language then back into English;we then examine pronoun-choice in the back-translated texts. We believe this approach provides a useful alternative to large-scale surveys in mapping biases. We expand prior research in the following ways: (1) by comparing results across five intermediate languages, namely Finnish, Indonesian, Estonian, Turkish and Hungarian;(2) by proposing a novel metric for assessing the variation in gender implied in repeated translations of the same phrase, avoiding the over-interpretation of individual pronouns, apparent in earlier work;(3) by investigating sentence features that drive bias;(4) and by comparing results from three time-lapsed datasets to establish the reproducibility of the approach. We found that some languages display similar patterns of pronoun use, falling into three loose groups, but that patterns vary between groups;this underlines the need to work with multiple languages. We also identify the main verb appearing in a sentence as a likely significant driver of implied gender in the translations. Moreover, we see a good level of replicability in the results, and establish that our variation metric proves robust despite an obvious change in the behaviour of the DeepL translation API during the course of the stu

关键词： Machine translation

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A Systematic Review of the Blockchain Technology Security Challenges and Threats Classification 6

A Systematic Review of the Blockchain Technology Security Ch...

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6th International Conference on Blockchain computing and Applications, BCCA 2024

作者： Abubakar, Mwrwan Onyeashie, Belinda I. Wadhaj, Isam Leimich, Petra Ali, Hisham Buchanan, William J. School of Computing Engineering & the Built Environment Edinburgh Napier University Edinburgh United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9798350351538

This study provides a comprehensive overview of blockchain technology, discusses its characteristics, and explains the hierarchical structure of the blockchain. Additionally, the study provides an in-depth analysis of various security threats and vulnerabilities in blockchain systems. It categorises the threats into different classes, including service-based, identity-based, network-based, manipulation-based, and those associated with smart contracts. The study delves into specific attacks such as double spending, collusion, and quantum attacks, and discusses countermeasures to enhance the security of blockchain transactions. It also highlights the challenges posed by network threats like DOS/DDoS and MITM attacks, and the implications of bugs and malware on the integrity of blockchain systems. The research highlights the importance of robust security protocols and the need for ongoing vigilance against evolving threats in the blockchain ecosystem. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Blockchain

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Charting Oman's Path to Green Hydrogen: Embracing Opportunities and Overcoming Challenges

Charting Oman's Path to Green Hydrogen: Embracing Opportunit...

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2024 SPE International Health, Safety, environment and Sustainability Conference and Exhibition, HSE 2024

作者： Al-Khayari, H.A. Farrag, M.E. Elgenedy, M.A. School of Computing Engineering and Built Environment Glasgow Caledonian University Glasgow United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9781959025337

Achieving net-zero emissions is a global obligation that requires everyone's participation. In its unwavering commitment to this cause, the Sultanate of Oman (Oman) considers green hydrogen to be a crucial element in its decarbonisation plan, in which green hydrogen is expected to reduce the total carbon emissions in 2050 by 8% (8.5 Mt). Furthermore, Oman intends to position itself as a global hub for the production and export of green hydrogen by 2030, a testament to its dedication to environmental sustainability. The objective of this study is to explore how Oman's abundant natural resources can be harnessed to address the challenges posed by current technologies used for green-hydrogen production and promote the adoption of renewable energy sources in the country. The paper presents an analysis of the unique opportunities available in Oman: first, in green-hydrogen production by using natural minerals and critical elements extracted from the country's land for the manufacturing of electrolysis systems;and second, in renewable energy sources to power hydrogen plants with clean electrical power, including electrolysis systems. The discussion covers different types of electrolysis, including alkaline water electrolysis (AWE), proton-exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis, solid oxide electrolysis (SOE), and anion-exchange membrane (AEM) electrolysis. Additionally, it delves into various renewable energy sources, such as onshore wind, solar photovoltaics (PV), concentrated solar power (CSP), among others, all of which are abundant in Oman. The paper compares the different types of electrolysis and different renewable energy sources in terms of the costs of installation, operation and maintenance, produced electricity, and system lifetime. Additionally, the study examines the challenges associated with electrolysis, such as the limitation of pure water resources required for water-splitting operations in Oman's environment. Moreover, the study discusses challenges assoc

关键词： Solar energy

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A Technical Review on Blue and Blue-Green Roofs 15th

A Technical Review on Blue and Blue-Green Roofs

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15th KES International Conference on Sustainability and Energy in Buildings, SEB 2023

作者： Smith, Ryan Sajjadian, Seyed Masoud School of Computing Engineering and the Built Environment Edinburgh Napier University Edinburgh United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9789819985005

Increased development of greenfield areas to tackle housing shortages, combined with increased rainfall due to climate change has created drainage issues within urban areas, this has increased pressure on existing drainage infrastructure and has intensified the need to consider the use of sustainable drainage systems on new and existing grey infrastructures, i.e. buildings, roads, and pavements. Blue and blue-green roofs are widely considered a means of improving sustainability and flood resilience in urban areas for all new construction. This paper reviews such systems from a technological point of view and provides insight into their potential and the challenges of their buildability in the UK construction. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.

关键词： Roofs

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A Review on Blue Roofs in New UK Constructions 15th

A Review on Blue Roofs in New UK Constructions

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15th KES International Conference on Sustainability and Energy in Buildings, SEB 2023

作者： Jack, Jade Sajjadian, Seyed Masoud School of Computing Engineering and the Built Environment Edinburgh Napier University Edinburgh United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9789819985005

Flooding causes significant risk to the UK’s infrastructure, and the need for additional stormwater management systems is growing rapidly. The demand for housing, lack of land, cramped housing with no gardens, urban cooling, air pollution and aesthetics are all the issues that the Blue Roof System (BRS) can assist with. This paper reveals that there is a lack of knowledge, research and understanding of terminology for BRS in the UK construction, and therefore, more research and data collection are required to increase the utilisation of these systems. The government planning policies should be encouraging/enforcing flood risk management systems to be implemented as standard with financial incentives. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.

关键词： Housing

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Design and Grasping Force Modeling for a Soft Robotic Gripper with Multi-stem Twining

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Journal of Bionic engineering 2023年第5期20卷 2123-2134页

作者： Yu Shan Yanzhi Zhao Hongnian Yu Changlei Pei Zhaopeng Jin Yue Sun School of Yanshan University Qinhuangdao066004China School of Computing Engineering and the Built EnvironmentEdinburgh Napier University10 Colinton RoadEdinburghEH105DTUK

To improve the grasping power of soft robots,inspired by the scene of intertwined and interdependent vine branches safely clinging to habitats in a violent storm and the phenomenon of large grasping force after being entangled by aquatic plants,this paper proposes a soft robotic gripper with multi-stem *** proposed robotic gripper can realize a larger contact area of surrounding or containing object and more layers of a twining object than the current twining gripping *** not only retains the adaptive advantages of twining grasping but also improves the grasping ***,based on the mechanical characteristics of the multi-stem twining of the gripper,the twining grasping model is ***,the force on the fiber is deduced by using the twining theory,and the axial force of the gripper is analyzed based on the equivalent model of the rubber ***,the torsion experiments of fibers and the grasping experiments of the gripper are designed and *** torsion experiment of fibers verifies the influence of a different number of fiber ropes and fiber torque on the grasping force,and the grasping experiment reflects the large load of the gripper and the high adaptability and practicability under different tasks.

关键词： Soft robotic gripper Multi-stem twining Adaptability Grasping force model

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