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4th IEEE China International Youth Conference on Electrical engineering, CIYCEE 2023

作者： Islam, Tanvir Basherlou, Haleh Jahanbakhsh Ojaroudi Parchin, Naser University of Houston Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering HoustonTX77204 United States Edinburgh Napier University School of Computing Engineering and the Built Environment Edinburgh United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9798350305562

This research presents a novel ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna designed for future wireless power transfer systems. The antenna features improved radiation capabilities and incorporates a metamaterial-based structure. Its design includes a modified triangular patch as the main radiation element, complemented by three embedded split-ring metamaterial resonators, inspired by a compact 4×4 metasurface unit cells layout, all integrated into an FR4 substrate. The study demonstrates the antenna's effective operation within the frequency range of 2.8-12 GHz, covering the UWB spectra of 3.1-10.6 GHz. The findings confirm that the proposed design successfully achieves the desired frequency response, radiation characteristics, and gain levels, rendering it suitable for applications in ultra-wideband and wireless power-transferring systems. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Resonators

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Low-Profile Phased Array Dielectric Resonator Antenna for 5G Internet of Thing Applications 4

Low-Profile Phased Array Dielectric Resonator Antenna for 5G...

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4th IEEE China International Youth Conference on Electrical engineering, CIYCEE 2023

作者： Islam, Tanvir Parchin, Naser Ojaroudi Jahanbakhsh Basherlou, Haleh University of Houston Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering HoustonTX77204 United States Edinburgh Napier University School of Computing Engineering and the Built Environment Edinburgh United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9798350305562

This paper discusses the design and fundamental characteristics of a new broadband dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) that can be used in future wireless platforms. The schematic of the single-element contains a 3D diamond-ring dielectric resonator (DR) placed on a low-cost FR4 material having 4.4 permittivity, along with a full ground. The coaxial feeding technique with an extended inner conductor to the DR is applied to excite the element. Several 5G and IoT candidate bands can be supported by the proposed design, which includes an impedance bandwidth ranging from 24 to 38 GHz (higher than 14 GHz) such as 26, 28, 32, 36, and 38 GHz. Additionally, its 1×8 linear and 8×8 planar phased array forms with the beam-steering function have been discussed in detail. The obtained results, which include favorable S-parameters, antenna radiation characteristics, and gain levels, indicate the potential of the proposed design for diverse wireless applications. Moreover, the antenna system fulfills the necessary criteria for phased array and beam-steering in the context of 5G and IoT communications. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Dielectric resonators

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Q-CSM: Q-Learning-based Cognitive Service Management in Heterogeneous IoT Networks 10

Q-CSM: Q-Learning-based Cognitive Service Management in Hete...

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10th IEEE World Forum on Internet of Things, WF-IoT 2024

作者： Duran, Kubra Ozdem, Mehmet Gursu, Kerem Canberk, Berk Edinburgh Napier University School of Computing Engineering and The Built Environment United Kingdom Istanbul Technical University Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Engineering Turkey Turk Telekom Istanbul Turkey BTS Group Istanbul Turkey

ISBN: (纸本)9798350373011

The dramatic increase in the number of smart services and their diversity poses a significant challenge in Internet of Things (IoT) networks: heterogeneity. This causes significant quality of service (QoS) degradation in IoT networks. In addition, the constraints of IoT devices in terms of computational capability and energy resources add extra complexity to this. However, the current studies remain insufficient to solve this problem due to the lack of cognitive action recommendations. Therefore, we propose a Q-learning-based Cognitive Service Management framework called Q-CSM. In this framework, we first design an IoT Agent Manager to handle the heterogeneity in data formats. After that, we design a Q-learning-based recommendation engine to optimize the devices' lifetime according to the predicted QoS behaviour of the changing IoT network scenarios. We apply the proposed cognitive management to a smart city scenario consisting of three specific services: wind turbines, solar panels, and transportation systems. We note that our proposed cognitive method achieves 38.7% faster response time to the dynamical IoT changes in topology. Furthermore, the proposed framework achieves 19.8% longer lifetime on average for constrained IoT devices thanks to its Q-learning-based cognitive decision capability. In addition, we explore the most successive learning rate value in the Q-learning run through the exploration and exploitation phases. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Wind turbines

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Standardisation of AML/CFT Regulatory Frameworks using Natural Language Processing

Standardisation of AML/CFT Regulatory Frameworks using Natur...

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Blockchain computing and Applications (BCCA), International Conference on

作者： Chukwunonso Ngwu Zakwan Jaroucheh Nikolaos Pitropakis School of Computing Engineering & the Built Environment Edinburgh Napier University United Kingdom

ISBN: (数字)9798350351538

ISBN: (纸本)9798350351545

With the G-20 prioritising the development of a solution that will address the challenges of cross-border payment, a lot of focus and research has been exploring ways of using a decentralised ledger technology (DLT) solution to address this challenge. Some of the issues that have been identified with the DLT option are interoperability, scalability, security, and privacy. Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) implementing DLT have also been acknowledged by experts as having the potential to address some of these challenges. Given the focus on CBDCs as an alternative technology that could address the shortcomings of traditional cross-border payment systems, some of the design challenges that are impacting their widespread adoption have come to the fore. Considering that early CBDC projects were in reaction to emerging digital currencies and therefore were meant to address the domestic needs of each implementing jurisdiction, the lack of a common development framework for developing the technology contributed to the challenge of the interoperability of the various CBDCs across jurisdictions and has impacted it’s fullscale adoption as an alternative to existing cross-border payment systems. With specific focus on regulatory frameworks used by various jurisdictions and also an identified challenge of CBDCs, this paper explores Customer Due Diligence (CDD) regulation as a mechanism for combating anti-money laundering (AML) and counter-terrorist financing (CFT). As part of the efforts to adapt cross-border payment system into a world of distributed ledgers relying on smart contracts, it reviews the impact of divergent regulatory frameworks that limit the interoperability of CBDCs. It discusses some of the existing techniques in place for conducting CDD, such as Know Your Customer (KYC) and how they fit with the new technology. It concludes with a proposal on how the incongruence of legal frameworks and AML/CFT regulations, can be addressed and standardised using new tec

关键词： Text analysis Distributed ledger Scalability Semantics Smart contracts Natural language processing Regulation Security Zero knowledge proof Interoperability

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Transfer Learning with Domain Adaptation for Unlabelled Sensor Faulty Data Classification 15

Transfer Learning with Domain Adaptation for Unlabelled Sens...

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15th International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence, ICTC 2024

作者： Hasan, Md. Nazmul Toma, Rafia Nishat Jan, Sana Ullah Koo, Insoo University of Ulsan Department of Electrical Electronic and Computer Engineering Ulsan Korea Republic of Khulna University Electronics and Communication Engineering Discipline Khulna Bangladesh School of Computing Engineering and Built Environment Edinburgh Napier University Edinburgh United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9798350364637

In the data analytics based IoT era, reliable sensor data is essential for maintaining the integrity and effectiveness of IoT applications. The reliability of sensor data can be compromised due to faults that that occur in the sensors and this faulty sensor signals can lead to performance degradation in IoT enabled systems. This study investigates a transfer learning method augmented by a domain adaptation technique for sensor fault classification. The domain adaptation technique allows the classifier model to accurately identify two types of sensor faults, drift and bias fault, in a target sensor node with an unlabeled dataset. We trained an ANN classifier using a semi-supervised approach, leveraging labeled samples from the source sensor node alongside unlabeled data from the target sensor. In the current work, both the source and target sensors are of the same type but are located in different locations. Results from two experiments demonstrate that our approach achieves approximately 97% accuracy when the target sensor is indoor and the source sensor is outdoor. When both sensors are located outdoors, the accuracy exceeds 99%. Other classification metrics also remain consistent. This approach not only maximizes the use of available data but also offers a robust solution for scenarios where obtaining labeled data is difficult or missing. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Data integrity

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A Systematic Review of the Blockchain Technology Security Challenges and Threats Classification

A Systematic Review of the Blockchain Technology Security Ch...

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Blockchain computing and Applications (BCCA), International Conference on

作者： Mwrwan Abubakar Belinda I Onyeashie Isam Wadhaj Petra Leimich Hisham Ali William J Buchanan School of Computing Engineering & the Built Environment Edinburgh Napier University Edinburgh UK

ISBN: (数字)9798350351538

ISBN: (纸本)9798350351545

This study provides a comprehensive overview of blockchain technology, discusses its characteristics, and explains the hierarchical structure of the blockchain. Additionally, the study provides an in-depth analysis of various security threats and vulnerabilities in blockchain systems. It categorises the threats into different classes, including service-based, identity-based, network-based, manipulation-based, and those associated with smart contracts. The study delves into specific attacks such as double spending, collusion, and quantum attacks, and discusses countermeasures to enhance the security of blockchain transactions. It also highlights the challenges posed by network threats like DOS/DDoS and MITM attacks, and the implications of bugs and malware on the integrity of blockchain systems. The research highlights the importance of robust security protocols and the need for ongoing vigilance against evolving threats in the blockchain ecosystem.

关键词： Codes Smart contracts Ecosystems Computer bugs Control systems Malware Blockchains Security Reliability Systematic literature review

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Passivity theorems for input-to-state stability of forced Lur'e inclusions and equations, and consequent entrainment-type properties

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Guiver, Chris School of Computing Engineering and the Built Environment Edinburgh Napier University United Kingdom

A suite of input-to-state stability results are presented for a class of forced differential inclusions, so-called Lur'e inclusions. As a consequence, semi-global incremental input-to-state stability results for systems of forced Lur'e differential equations are derived. The results are in the spirit of the passivity theorem from control theory as both the linear and nonlinear components of the Lur'e inclusion (or equation) are assumed to satisfy passivity-type conditions. These results provide a basis for the analysis of forced Lur'e differential equations subject to (almost) periodic forcing terms and, roughly speaking, ensure the existence and attractivity of (almost) periodic state- and output-responses, comprising another focus of the present work. One ultimate aim of the study is to provide a robust and rigorous theoretical foundation for a well-defined and tractable "frequency response" of forced Lur'e *** Codes 34A12, 34A60, 34C27, 34D20, 93C10, 93C35, 93D09, 93D15 © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Differential equations

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Broad-Scanning Linear Phased Array with Minimized Coupling for Wireless Energy Harvesting 4

Broad-Scanning Linear Phased Array with Minimized Coupling f...

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4th IEEE China International Youth Conference on Electrical engineering, CIYCEE 2023

ISBN: (纸本)9798350305562

This paper explores a new linear phased array design optimized for wireless energy harvesting. The single-element configuration features a coaxial-fed rectangular patch antenna on Rogers 5880 material (permittivity: 2.2). The array comprises eight such antennas arranged linearly with less than half-wavelength spacing. To minimize mutual coupling, an I-shaped defected ground slot (DGS) is incorporated among the resonators. The proposed design demonstrates an impedance bandwidth of 26.5 to 28 GHz with mutual coupling below -18 dB, crucial for 5G energy harvesting communications. The study yields promising outcomes related to S-parameters, antenna radiation, beam-steering, and gain levels, rendering it suitable for diverse wireless applications, including transmitting antennas in energy harvesting systems. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Resonators

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A method for constrained energy-maximising control of heaving wave-energy converters via a nonlinear frequency response

A method for constrained energy-maximising control of heavin...

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Control Technology and Applications (CCTA),

作者： Chris Guiver School of Computing Engineering and the Built Environment Edinburgh Napier University Edinburgh UK

ISBN: (数字)9798350370942

ISBN: (纸本)9798350370959

A theoretical grounding is presented for justifying how frequency domain methods may be applied in the determination of constrained extracted-energy maximising controls in wave-energy conversion applications subject to nonlinear models. A computational method is subsequently outlined. The theory applies to forced Lur'e systems, an important class of nonlinear control systems, including nonlinear models of simple heaving point-absorber wave-energy converters, and which facilitates a well-defined and tractable frequency response for such systems.

关键词： Grounding Frequency-domain analysis Computational modeling Nonlinear control systems Frequency conversion Frequency response Frequency control

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Efficient and Diverse Generative Robot Designs using Evolution and Intrinsic Motivation

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Le Goff, Leni K. Smith, Simón C. School of Computing Engineering & The Built Environment Edinburgh Napier University United Kingdom

Methods for generative design of robot physical configurations can automatically find optimal and innovative solutions for challenging tasks in complex environments. The vast search-space includes the physical design-space and the controller parameter-space, making it a challenging problem in machine learning and optimisation in general. Evolutionary algorithms (EAs) have shown promising results in generating robot designs via gradient-free optimisation. Morpho-evolution with learning (MEL) uses EAs to concurrently generate robot designs and learn the optimal parameters of the controllers. Two main issues prevent MEL from scaling to higher complexity tasks: computational cost and premature convergence to suboptimal designs. To address these issues, we propose combining morpho-evolution with intrinsic motivations. Intrinsically motivated behaviour arises from embodiment and simple learning rules without external guidance. We use a homeokinetic controller that generates exploratory behaviour in a few seconds with reduced knowledge of the robot’s design. Homeokinesis replaces costly learning phases, reducing computational time and favouring diversity, preventing premature convergence. We compare our approach with current MEL methods in several downstream tasks. The generated designs score higher in all the tasks, are more diverse, and are quickly generated compared to morpho-evolution with static parameters. © 2024, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Adversarial machine learning

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