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Using a NEAT approach with curriculums for dynamic content generation in video games

Personal and Ubiquitous computing 2024年第3-4期28卷 629-641页

作者： Hind, Daniel Harvey, Carlo DMTLab School of Computing and Digital Technology Faculty of Computing Engineering and the Built Environment Birmingham City University Curzon Street West Midlands BirminghamB4 7XG United Kingdom

This paper presents a novel exploration of the use of an evolving neural network approach to generate dynamic content for video games, specifically for a tower defence game. The objective is to employ the NeuroEvolution of Augmenting Topologies (NEAT) technique to train a NEAT neural network as a wave manager to generate enemy waves that challenge the player’s defences. The approach is extended to incorporate NEAT-generated curriculums for tower deployments to gradually increase the difficulty for the generated enemy waves, allowing the neural network to learn incrementally. The approach dynamically adapts to changes in the player’s skill level, providing a more personalised and engaging gaming experience. The quality of the machine-generated waves is evaluated through a blind A/B test with the Games Experience Questionnaire (GEQ), and results are compared with manually designed human waves. The study finds no discernible difference in the reported player experience between AI and human-designed waves. The approach can significantly reduce the time and resources required to design game content while maintaining the quality of the player experience. The approach has the potential to be applied to a range of video game genres and within the design and development process, providing a more personalised and engaging gaming experience for players. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Human computer interaction

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Unveiling NLG Human-Evaluation Reproducibility: Lessons Learned and Key Insights from Participating in the ReproNLP Challenge 3

Unveiling NLG Human-Evaluation Reproducibility: Lessons Lear...

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3rd Workshop on Human Evaluation of NLP Systems, HumEval 2023

作者： Watson, Lewis Gkatzia, Dimitra School of Computing Engineering & The Built Environment Edinburgh Napier University United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9789544520885

Human evaluation is crucial for NLG systems as it provides a reliable assessment of the quality, effectiveness, and utility of generated language outputs. However, concerns about the reproducibility of such evaluations have emerged, casting doubt on the reliability and generalisability of reported results. In this paper, we present the findings of a reproducibility study on a data-to-text system, conducted under two conditions: (1) replicating the original setup as closely as possible with evaluators from AMT, and (2) replicating the original human evaluation but this time, utilising evaluators with a background in academia. Our experiments show that there is a loss of statistical significance between the original and reproduction studies, i.e. the human evaluation results are not reproducible. In addition, we found that employing local participants led to more robust results. We finally discuss lessons learned, addressing the challenges and best practices for ensuring reproducibility in NLG human evaluations. © HumEval 2023 - Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Human Evaluation of NLP Systems, associated with the 14th International Conference on Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2023, RANLP 2023.

关键词： Quality control

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Distance-Only Task Orchestration Algorithm for Energy Efficiency in Satellite-Based Mist computing 8

Distance-Only Task Orchestration Algorithm for Energy Effici...

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8th IEEE International Conference on Image and Signal Processing and their Applications, ISPA 2024

作者： Babaghayou, Messaoud Chaib, Noureddine Maglaras, Leandros Yigit, Yagmur Ferrag, Mohamed Amine Laghouat University LIM Laboratory Laghouat Algeria Edinburgh Napier University School of Computing Engineering and the Built Environment United Kingdom Edinburgh Napier University School of Computing Engineering and the Built Environment United Kingdom Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates

ISBN: (纸本)9798350309249

This paper addresses the challenge of efficiently offloading heavy computing tasks from ground mobile devices to the satellite-based mist computing environment. With ground-based edge and cloud servers often being inaccessible, the exploitation of satellite mist computing becomes imperative. Existing offloading algorithms have shown limitations in adapting to the unique characteristics of heavy computing tasks. Thus, we propose a heavy computing task offloading algorithm that prioritizes satellite proximity. This approach not only reduces energy consumption during telecommunications but also ensures tasks are executed within the specified timing constraints, which are typically non-time-critical. Our proposed algorithm outperforms other offloading schemes in terms of satellites energy consumption, average end-to-end delay, and tasks success rates. Although it exhibits a higher average VM CPU usage, this increase does not pose critical challenges. This distance-based approach offers a promising solution to enhance energy efficiency in satellite-based mist computing, making it well-suited for heavy computing tasks demands. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Energy efficiency

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Making Connections – A Work Experience Case Study

Making Connections – A Work Experience Case Study

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AES International Conference on Audio Education 2023

作者： Quinn, Patrick School of Computing Engineering and Built Environment Glasgow Caledonian University United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9781713884637

Work experience is clearly of great value to students in preparing for a career in the Creative Industries. The teaching team for the BSc(Hons) Audio Technology at Glasgow Caledonian University have developed a portfolio of opportunities for students to gain work experience, the main one being involvement in Celtic Connections, the world’s largest Celtic Music Festival. This paper looks at the evolution of Celtic Connections on Campus, the key elements that have contributed to its success and what value the students place in the experience gained. © 2023 AES International Conference on Audio Education 2023. All rights reserved.

关键词： Students

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Secure Multi-Party Computation for Digital Assets Custody Purpose-Analysis of Open-Source Implementations 5

Secure Multi-Party Computation for Digital Assets Custody Pu...

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5th International Conference on Blockchain computing and Applications, BCCA 2023

作者： Roszak, Daniel Jaroucheh, Zakwan School of Computing Engineering & the Built Environment Edinburgh Napier University United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9798350339239

The increasing incidents of digital asset theft have highlighted vulnerabilities in their secure management and storage. In this context, Multi-party computation (MPC) emerges as a game-changing solution, offering robust cryptographic protocols that allow multiple parties to compute over their inputs while preserving data privacy. This study examines contemporary open-source multi-party computation (MPC) algorithms and protocols, with a focus on their applications for the custody of digital assets. The paper provides a thorough chronology of the evolution and development of various MPC methods. Following a detailed examination of current open-source implementations, the most promising solutions are put to the test experimentally against a wide range of benchmarks. The best MPC-based approach for digital asset management is determined using stringent evaluation criteria that take performance, security, and usability into account. The presentation of a real-world application of an MPC-based system, demonstrating its significant impact on digital asset management and storage, is an important contribution of this study. This exhaustive exploration provides invaluable insights for developers, researchers, and organizations keen to leverage MPC's benefits. The paper concludes by outlining prospective directions for MPC research in the future, emphasizing the challenges and immense opportunities in its practical applications, underscoring its potential to usher in a safer digital future. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Data privacy

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Evaluating Human Experiences of Touching Virtual Reality: A State of The Art Review 3

Evaluating Human Experiences of Touching Virtual Reality: A ...

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3rd IEEE International Conference on Metrology for eXtended Reality, Artificial Intelligence and Neural engineering, MetroXRAINE 2024

作者： Aldhous, Joanna Sobolewska, Emilia Webster, Gemma School of Computing Engineering & the Built Environment Edinburgh Napier University United Kingdom School of Science and Engineering University of Dundee United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9798350378009

Technological advances offer the potential for compelling multisensory experiences where users can touch virtuality and interact with one another. However, designing a good user experience (UX) is challenging due to the interdisciplinary and subjective nature of the problem. Technological advances alone are unable to account for human factors or ensure a good experience, making UX evaluation crucial for technology adoption. A state-of-the-art review explores the UX evaluation in practice for virtual experiences using wearable and handheld haptic (touch) devices since the launch of the Oculus in 2018. This review provides insight into the challenges related to user experience evaluations, an extensive overview of the approaches utilized, the dimensions and qualities under examination, and a taxonomy of methods of value to those interested in evaluating user experience for touch in virtual reality. Findings indicate that evaluation methods designed to assess haptic experiences in virtual environments are needed, and qualitative approaches designed to gather direct feedback can inform and improve the development of high-quality experiences. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Virtual environments

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Impact of Thermomechanical Fatigue and Creep on the Reliability of BGA Lead-Free Solder Joints in Electronic Modules 40

Impact of Thermomechanical Fatigue and Creep on the Reliabil...

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40th IEEE International Electronics Manufacturing Technology, IEMT 2024

作者： Depiver, Joshua A. Mallik, Sabuj Amalu, Emeka H. University of Derby School of Engineering and Built Environment Derby United Kingdom Buckinghamshire New University School of Engineering & the Built Environment High Wycombe United Kingdom Teesside University School of Computing Engineering and Digital Technologies Middlesbrough United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9798350388824

Ball grid array (BGA) packages, crucial in modern electronics, have significant potential to promote sustainable manufacturing. However, the reliability of BGAs using lead-free tin-silver-copper (SAC) solder alloys needs full qualification, particularly for mission-critical applications. This study examines the thermomechanical fatigue and creep responses of Sn63Pb37, SAC305, SAC387, SAC396, and SAC405 solder joints in BGA packages under thermal cycling, using finite element analysis (FEA) with Garofalo's hyperbolic sine law for solder material behavior. SAC387 and SAC405 alloys exhibited promising properties, making them strong candidates as alternatives to the traditional Sn63Pb37 solder. As per the results, SAC387 demonstrated the greatest stiffness and resistance to elastic deformation, though it showed a higher susceptibility to creep compared to other alloys. SAC405 emerged as the most durable, exhibiting minimal plastic deformation and strain under thermal stress, making it ideal for resisting failure. The critical areas for crack initiation and propagation were identified at the interfaces between the solder and both the chip and substrate. These findings align with existing research, highlighting key factors in the reliability of solder joints under thermal cycling and creep. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Creep

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Exploring Scalable User Mobility Impact on Energy Efficiency, Latency and Network Usage in Smart Homes 9th

Exploring Scalable User Mobility Impact on Energy Efficiency...

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9th Future Technologies Conference, FTC 2024

作者： Lawal, Kelvin N. Mata, Mario Olaniyi, Titus K. Gibson, Ryan M. School of Computing Engineering and Built Environment Glasgow Caledonian University Glasgow United Kingdom School of Computing Engineering and Physical Sciences University of the West of Scotland Paisley United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9783031731211

It is anticipated that global IoT devices are set to rise from 10 billion in 2020 to 30 billion by 2030, with the highest number of devices, about 5 billion, expected in China. The increase in users within smart homes directly increases demand for IoT devices, leading to global energy consumption, latency and network usage issues in a Cloud network infrastructure. This study demonstrates the impact of increased users in smart homes through user scalability impact on energy consumption, latency and network bandwidth usage. Positioning data obtained from Phyphox is used as dummy data for this research. The ifogSim2 network simulation toolkit conducts user scalability simulations in a Cloud and Fog-based scenario. The results from the evaluation simulation of user scalability in a Cloud and Fog-based scenario demonstrate an average percentage difference of 3.10%, 90.33% and 33.03% for energy consumption, latency and network usage, respectively. The results indicate that the benefits of Fog computing address the challenges of Cloud computing through optimisation and provide a solution to the global issue of the increased number of IoT devices and users. The percentage difference for energy consumption was the lowest, followed by network usage, and latency was the highest. This variance shows that using and adopting Fog computing in a smart home network architecture is more efficient than traditional Cloud computing. The user scalability further demonstrates that as the number of users increases, the level of energy consumption, latency and network usage increase. Therefore, as the user demand for smart IoT devices increases, adopting Fog computing addresses the challenges associated with Cloud computing and optimises the energy consumption, latency and network usage in a smart home environment. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.

关键词： Smart homes

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Instils Trust in Random Forest Predictions 10

Instils Trust in Random Forest Predictions

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10th IEEE International Conference on Data Science and Advanced Analytics, DSAA 2023

作者： Jamnal, Gopal Singh Leeds Beckett University School of Built Environment Engineering & Computing Leeds United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9798350345032

This paper addresses the interpretability and transparency behind the random forest model predictions. Random forest is an ensemble of bootstrapped independent decision trees that are trained on subsets of input data to make predictions. Although random forest is a robust model that can overcome bias, its inherent complexity, and poor interpretability can make it challenging to apply in many application domains that require transparency and explainability in the model's predictions. This lack of transparency in the decision-making process can prevent users from analyzing what makes the model arrive at a specific prediction. The paper presents a visual analytic application to overcome transparency challenges by providing a clear structure of individual decision trees and hierarchical relationships between features. This allows users to analyze latent information and instils trust in the random forest model. Additionally, statistical analysis of feature ranking agreement and prediction popularity reduces mental burden of the user. The paper includes two case studies to evaluate model's uncertainty, bias, and variances in predictions with explainability at local and global scales of decision paths. The visual analytics application provides a coordinated multiple-view system to instil trust in random forest models. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Transparency

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A Metal Selection and Structural Optimisation Methodology for Large-Scale Direct-Drive Wind Turbine Electrical Generators 12

A Metal Selection and Structural Optimisation Methodology fo...

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12th International Conference on Power Electronics, Machines and Drives, PEMD 2023

作者： Bichan, Magnus Jack, Andrew Jaen-Sola, Pablo School of Computing Engineering and the Built Environment Edinburgh Napier University Edinburgh United Kingdom

With an ever-growing market share for offshore wind, direct-drive generators are touted as a low maintenance alternative to conventional drivetrains. However, to contend with higher torque requirements essential for low-speed operation, direct-drive machines are vastly heavier than conventional geared systems. As material use and sustainable engineering remains a key theme in the current climate, establishing methods for best practice in design stages is critical. This report therefore details a proposed methodology for the efficient, sustainable design of large-scale, direct-drive wind turbine electrical generator structures, considering mechanical, and thermal performances, whilst meeting sustainability metrics. This investigation finds that Coefficient of Thermal Expansion has a considerable influence on the maximum Equivalent Von-Mises’ stress, for an optimised rotor structure under the expected loading scenario. Material choice was also found to have a significant impact on the rotor’s carbon footprint and the energy use during manufacture and transport. © The Institution of engineering & Technology 2023.

关键词： Carbon footprint

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