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arXiv 2023年

作者： Frank, Morgan R. Ahn, Yong-Yeol Moro, Esteban Department of Informatics and Networked Systems University of Pittsburgh PittsburghPA15216 United States Digital Economy Lab Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence Stanford University StanfordCA94305 United States Media Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Connection Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States Center for Complex Networks and Systems Research Luddy School of Informatics Computing and Engineering Indiana University BloomingtonIN United States Indiana University Network Science Institute Indiana University BloomingtonIN United States Department of Mathematics & GISC Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Leganes28911 Spain Institute for Data Systems and Society Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States

Is artificial intelligence (AI) disrupting jobs and creating unemployment? Despite many attempts to quantify occupations' exposure to AI, inconsistent validation obfuscates the relative benefits of each approach. A lack of disaggregated labor outcome data, including unemployment data, further exacerbates the issue. Here, we assess which models of AI exposure predict job separations and unemployment risk using new occupation-level unemployment data by occupation from each US state's unemployment insurance office spanning 2010 through 2020. Although these AI exposure scores have been used by governments and industry, we find that individual AI exposure models are not predictive of unemployment rates, unemployment risk, or job separation rates. However, an ensemble of those models exhibits substantial predictive power suggesting that competing models may capture different aspects of AI exposure that collectively account for AI's variable impact across occupations, regions, and time. Our results also call for dynamic, context-aware, and validated methods for assessing AI exposure. Interactive visualizations for this study are available at https://***/~mrfrank/uiRiskDemo/. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Visualization

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Embedding Binary Perceptrons in FPGA to improve Area, Power and Performance

Embedding Binary Perceptrons in FPGA to improve Area, Power ...

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IEEE International Conference on Computer-Aided Design

作者： Ankit Wagle Elham Azari Sarma Vrudhula School of Computing Informatics and Decision Systems Engineering Arizona State University Tempe AZ

For the flexibility of implementing any given Boolean function(s), the FPGA uses re-configurable building blocks called LUTs. The price for this reconfigurability is a large number of registers and multiplexers required to construct the FPGA. While researchers have been working on complex LUT structures to reduce the area and power for several years, most of these implementations come at the cost of performance penalty. This paper demonstrates simultaneous improvement in area, power, and performance in an FPGA by using special logic cells called Threshold Logic Cells (TLCs) (also known as binary perceptrons). The TLCs are capable of implementing a complex threshold function, which if implemented using conventional gates would require several levels of logic gates. The TLCs only require 7 SRAM cells and are significantly faster than the conventional LUTs. The implementation of the proposed FPGA architecture has been done using 28nm FDSOI standard cells and has been evaluated using ISCAS-85, ISCAS-89, and a few large industrial designs. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed architecture can be used to get an average reduction of 18.1% in configuration registers, 18.1% reduction in multiplexer count, 12.3% in Basic Logic Element (BLE) area, 16.3% in BLE power, 5.9% improvement in operating frequency, with a slight reduction in track count, routing area and routing power. The improvements are also demonstrated on the physically designed version of the architecture.

关键词： Computer architecture Logic gates Routing Table lookup Registers Field programmable gate arrays Standards

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Information Extraction and Visualization of Unstructured Textual Data

Information Extraction and Visualization of Unstructured Tex...

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International Conference on Semantic computing

作者： Syed Usama Hashmi Ajay Bansal School of Computing Informatics Decision Systems Engineering Arizona State University AZ USA

There is a large amount of textual data on the web that has to be analyzed manually by humans in order to use it in meaningful ways. Techniques that can analyze the data, convert it to meaningful information, connect it with other sources of information, and allow querying would be extremely useful. There are different kinds of textual information available with each kid catering to a different kind of audience. This paper presents an information extraction approach that is a modified traversal algorithm on dependency parse output of text to extract all subject predicate object pairs from text while ensuring that no information is missed out. The output format is designed specifically to fit on a node-edge-node model and form the building blocks of a network that makes understanding of the text and querying of information from corpus quick and intuitive.

关键词： Conferences Semantics Germanium

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On Connectivity of Interdependent Networks

On Connectivity of Interdependent Networks

引用

IEEE Global Communications Conference

作者： Arunabha Sen Kaustav Basu School of Computing Informatics and Decision Systems Engineering Arizona State University Tempe Arizona

ISBN: (数字)9781728109626

ISBN: (纸本)9781728109633

The studies in fault-tolerance in networks mostly focus on the connectivity of the graph as the metric of fault-tolerance. If the underlying graph is k-connected, it can tolerate up to k - 1 failures. This metric in various forms, has been used extensively for robust design of communication networks, which may be viewed as a single layer network. In the last few years, there is an increasing awareness in the research community that critical infrastructure networks, such as the power grid and the communication network are highly interdependent. This inter-dependency has become critical in a smart-grid environment, where the electric power transmission/distribution network is highly integrated with the communication network. This dependency realization has led to a fairly large number of studies on robustness and resiliency of interdependent multilayer networks. Unfortunately, many of the proposed models of inter-dependency that appeared in the literature in the last few years fail to capture the complex inter-dependency that exists between entities of power grid and communication networks, involving a complex combination of conjunctive and disjunctive relations. The Boolean logic based model of inter-dependency proposed in overcomes this limitation. Using this dependency model, in this paper we explore "connectivity" of a two-layer interdependent network and formally define a new metric, Two-Layered connectivity (TL-connectivity), that is a counterpart of the traditional connectivity metric for a single-layer network (SL-connectivity). We provide an algorithm for computation of TL-connectivity. The problem can be solved in polynomial time in some special cases, whereas for some others, the problem is NP-complete. Finally, we evaluate the technique with a specific case study.

关键词： Communication networks Power grids Measurement SCADA systems Power system faults Power system protection

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Light-weight retinaNet for object detection

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Li, Yixing Ren, Fengbo School of Computing Informatics Decision Systems Engineering Arizona State University United States

Object detection has gained great progress driven by the development of deep learning. Compared with a widely studied task – classification, generally speaking, object detection even need one or two orders of magnitude more FLOPs (floating point operations) in processing the inference task. To enable a practical application, it is essential to explore effective runtime and accuracy trade-off scheme. Recently, a growing number of studies are intended for object detection on resource constraint devices, such as YOLOv1, YOLOv2, SSD, MobileNetv2-SSDLite [11, 14, 16], whose accuracy on COCO test-dev [8] detection results are yield to mAP around 22-25% (mAP-20-tier). On the contrary, very few studies discuss the computation and accuracy trade-off scheme for mAP-30-tier detection networks. In this paper, we illustrate the insights of why RetinaNet gives effective computation and accuracy trade-off for object detection and how to build a light-weight RetinaNet. We propose to only reduce FLOPs in computational intensive layers and keep other layer the same. Compared with most common way – input image scaling for FLOPs-accuracy trade-off, the proposed solution shows a constantly better FLOPs-mAP trade-off line. Quantitatively, the proposed method result in 0.1% mAP improvement at 1.15x FLOPs reduction and 0.3% mAP improvement at 1.8x FLOPs reduction. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Object recognition

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Message from the ISADS Committee Chair

Proceedings - 2019 IEEE 14th International Symposium on Auto...

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Proceedings - 2019 IEEE 14th International Symposium on Autonomous Decentralized systems, ISADS 2019 2019年

作者： Chen, Yinong School of Computing Informatics and Decision Systems Engineering Arizona State University United States

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Assistive Technical Communication of Montenegrin eServices: a Case Study

Assistive Technical Communication of Montenegrin eServices: ...

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International Scientific-Professional Conference on Information Technology (IT)

作者： Aniko Simon Luka Laković Pavle Kovačević Peter A. Kara Ivana Ognjanović Ramo Šendelj Christoph Reich Milovan Roganović John Mantas Laszlo Bokor Sigma Technology 1093 Budapest Hungary Faculty for Information Systems and Technologies University of Donja Gorica 81000 Podgorica Montenegro Budapest University of Technology and Economics 1111 Budapest Hungary Department of Networked Systems and Services Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Budapest University of Technology and Economics 1111 Budapest Hungary Department of Computer Science School of Computer Science and Mathematics Faculty of Science Engineering and Computing Wireless Multimedia and Networking Research Group Kingston University London KT1 2EE UK Humanistic Studies University of Donja Gorica 81000 Podgorica Montenegro Institute of Data Science Cloud Computing and IT Security Furtwangen University 78120 Furtwangen Germany Clinic for Neurology Clinical Centre of Montenegro 81000 Podgorica Montenegro Faculty of Nursing School of Health Sciences National and Kapodistrian University of Athens 11527 Goudi Greece

With the advancement of information technology in the recent decades, digital and online services have become essential components of everyday life in Europe. Montenegro is no different in this regard. However, as digital literacy in the country is still in a developing phase in comparison with most countries of the EU, a higher portion of its citizens may rely on assistive technical communication. In this paper, we provide a case study on the assistive technical communication of Montenegrin eServices. The work addresses the sectors of online banking, healthcare services, higher education, national administrative services, and utilities. Our findings highlight the diversity in terms of implemented assistive technical communication, and distinguish usage contexts on the level of adequacy. Yet as the functionalities of Montenegrin eServices are expected to gradually expand in the upcoming years, assistive technical communication must aim to handle the higher extents of service complexity.

关键词： Online banking Education Europe Medical services Complexity theory Information technology

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Evaluation of the Montenegrin Academic Digital Innovation Hub

Evaluation of the Montenegrin Academic Digital Innovation Hu...

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International Scientific-Professional Conference on Information Technology (IT)

作者： Luka Laković Peter A. Kara Ivana Ognjanović Laszlo Bokor Ramo Šendelj Christoph Reich Milovan Roganović Emmanouil Zoulias Jevto Eraković Tanja Radusinović Nada Rakočević Aniko Simon Faculty for Information Systems and Technologies University of Donja Gorica 81000 Podgorica Montenegro Department of Networked Systems and Services Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Budapest University of Technology and Economics 1111 Budapest Hungary Department of Computer Science School of Computer Science and Mathematics Wireless Multimedia and Networking Research Group Faculty of Science Engineering and Computing Kingston University London KT1 2EE UK Humanistic Studies University of Donja Gorica 81000 Podgorica Montenegro Institute of Data Science Cloud Computing and IT Security Furtwangen University 78120 Furtwangen Germany Clinic for Neurology Clinical Centre of Montenegro 81000 Podgorica Montenegro Faculty of Nursing School of Health Sciences National and Kapodistrian University of Athens 11527 Goudi Greece Chamber of Economy of Montenegro 81000 Podgorica Montenegro Sigma Technology 1093 Budapest Hungary

In the era of global digitalization, digital innovation hubs have become essential, as they function as transforming forces. In this paper, we provide an analysis of the Montenegrin Academic Digital Innovation Hub by applying multi-criteria qualitative evaluation over several criteria: process flow of fully digitized operations of the Hub (with aspects of the innovation life-cycle, ethics, and security), resource management, strategic goals, and feasibility. The paper also proposes a model of comprehensive resource management via the perspective of smart specialization priorities of Montenegro.

关键词： Technological innovation Ethics Resource management Security Information technology

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Using relative lines of code to guide automated test generation for python

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Holmes, Josie Ahmed, Iftekhar Brindescu, Caius Gopinath, Rahul Zhang, He Groce, Alex School of Informatics Computing & Cyber Systems Northern Arizona University United States Donald Bren School of Information and Computer Sciences University of California Irvine United States School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Oregon State University United States University of Saarbrücken Germany

Raw lines of code (LOC) is a metric that does not, at first glance, seem extremely useful for automated test generation. It is both highly language-dependent and not extremely meaningful, semantically, within a language: one coder can produce the same effect with many fewer lines than another. However, relative LOC, between components of the same project, turns out to be a highly useful metric for automated testing. In this paper, we make use of a heuristic based on LOC counts for tested functions to dramatically improve the effectiveness of automated test generation. This approach is particularly valuable in languages where collecting code coverage data to guide testing has a very high overhead. We apply the heuristic to property-based Python testing using the TSTL (Template Scripting Testing Language) tool. In our experiments, the simple LOC heuristic can improve branch and statement coverage by large margins (often more than 20%, up to 40% or more), and improve fault detection by an even larger margin (usually more than 75%, and up to 400% or more). The LOC heuristic is also easy to combine with other approaches, and is comparable to, and possibly more effective than, two well-established approaches for guiding random testing. © 2021, CC0.

关键词： Python

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A preliminary comparison between compressive sampling and anisotropic mesh-based image representation

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2020年

作者： Li, Xianping Wu, Teresa College of Integrative Sciences and Arts Arizona State University MesaAZ85212 United States School of Computing Informatics Decision Systems Engineering Arizona State University TempeAZ85281 United States

Compressed sensing (CS) has become a popular field in the last two decades to represent and reconstruct a sparse signal with much fewer samples than the signal itself. Although regular images are not sparse in their own, many can be sparsely represented in wavelet transform domain. Therefore, CS has also been widely applied to represent digital images. An alternative approach, adaptive sampling such as mesh-based image representation (MbIR), however, has not attracted as much attention. MbIR works directly on image pixels and represent the image with fewer points using a triangular mesh. In this paper, we perform a preliminary comparison between the CS and a recently developed MbIR method, AMA representation. The results demonstrate that, at the same sample density, AMA representation can provide better reconstruction quality than CS based on the tested algorithms. Further investigation with recent algorithms are needed to perform a thorough comparison. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Compressed sensing

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