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The Last JITAI? Exploring Large Language Models for Issuing Just-in-Time Adaptive Interventions: Fostering Physical Activity in a Conceptual Cardiac Rehabilitation Setting

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Haag, David Kumar, Devender Gruber, Sebastian Hofer, Dominik Sareban, Mahdi Treff, Gunnar Niebauer, Josef Bull, Christopher Schmidt, Albrecht Smeddinck, Jan David Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Prevention Salzburg Austria Department of Psychology Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg Salzburg Austria Digital Health Information Systems Center for Health & Bioresources AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH Graz Austria University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark Institute of Business Informatics - Data & Knowledge Engineering Johannes Kepler University Linz Linz Austria Human Motion Analytics Salzburg Research Forschungsgesellschaft Salzburg Austria LMU Munich Munich Germany University Institute for Sports Medicine Prevention and Rehabilitation Salzburg Austria Institute of Molecular Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg Austria Open Lab School of Computing Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne United Kingdom

We evaluated the viability of using Large Language Models (LLMs) to trigger and personalize content in Just-in-Time Adaptive Interventions (JITAIs) in digital health. As an interaction pattern representative of context-aware computing, JITAIs are being explored for their potential to support sustainable behavior change, adapting interventions to an individual’s current context and needs. Challenging traditional JITAI implementation models, which face severe scalability and flexibility limitations, we tested GPT-4 for suggesting JITAIs in the use case of heart-healthy activity in cardiac rehabilitation. Using three personas representing patients affected by CVD with varying severeness and five context sets per persona, we generated 450 JITAI decisions and messages. These were systematically evaluated against those created by 10 laypersons (LayPs) and 10 healthcare professionals (HCPs). GPT-4-generated JITAIs surpassed human-generated intervention suggestions, outperforming both LayPs and HCPs across all metrics (i.e., appropriateness, engagement, effectiveness, and professionalism). These results highlight the potential of LLMs to enhance JITAI implementations in personalized health interventions, demonstrating how generative AI could revolutionize context-aware computing. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Electronic health record

Green IoT using UAVs in B5G networks: A review of applications and strategies

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Alsamhi, Saeed H. Afghah, Fatemeh Sahal, Radhya Hawbani, Ammar Al-Qaness, A.A. Lee, B. Guizani, Mohsen Software Research Institute Athlone Institute of Technology Athlone Ireland IBB University Ibb Yemen School of Informatics Computing and Cyber Systems Northern Arizona University United States Hudaidah University Hudaida Yemen School of Computer Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China State Key Laboratory for Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing Wuhan University China Department of Computer Science and Engineering Qatar University Qatar

Recently, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) present a promising advanced technology that can enhance people life quality and smartness of cities dramatically and increase overall economic efficiency. UAVs have attained a significant interest in supporting many applications such as surveillance, agriculture, communication, transportation, pollution monitoring, disaster management, public safety, healthcare, and environmental preservation. Industry 4.0 applications are conceived of intelligent things that can automatically and collaboratively improve beyond 5G (B5G). Therefore, the Internet of Things (IoT) is required to ensure collaboration between the vast multitude of things efficiently anywhere in real-world applications that are monitored in real-time. However, many IoT devices consume a significant amount of energy when transmitting the collected data from surrounding environments. Due to a drone's capability to fly closer to IoT, UAV technology plays a vital role in greening IoT by transmitting collected data to achieve a sustainable, reliable, eco-friendly Industry 4.0. This survey presents an overview of the techniques and strategies proposed recently to achieve green IoT using UAVs infrastructure for a reliable and sustainable smart world. This survey is different from other attempts in terms of concept, focus, and discussion. Finally, various use cases, challenges, and opportunities regarding green IoT using UAVs are presented. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Energy efficiency

Novelty detection for multispectral images with application to planetary exploration 33

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Novelty detection for multispectral images with application ...

33rd AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI 2019, 31st Annual Conference on Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence, IAAI 2019 and the 9th AAAI Symposium on Educational Advances in Artificial Intelligence, EAAI 2019

作者： Kerner, Hannah R. Wellington, Danika F. Wagstaff, Kiri L. Bell, James F. Kwan, Chiman Amor, Heni Ben School or Earth and Space Exploration Arizona State University TempeAZ85287 United States Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA91109 United States Applied Research LLC RockvilleMD20850 United States School of Computing Informatics and Decision Systems Engineering Arizona State University TempeAZ85281 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781577358091

In this work, we present a system based on convolutional autoencoders for detecting novel features in multispectral images. We introduce SAMMIE: Selections based on Autoencoder Modeling of Multispectral Image Expectations. Previous work using autoencoders employed the scalar reconstruction error to classify new images as novel or typical. We show that a spatial-spectral error map can enable both accurate classification of novelty in multispectral images as well as human-comprehensible explanations of the detection. We apply our methodology to the detection of novel geologic features in multispectral images of the Martian surface collected by the Mastcam imaging system on the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover. © 2019, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (***). All rights reserved.

关键词： Rovers

Transformative Effects of ChatGPT on Modern Education: Emerging Era of AI Chatbots

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Gill, Sukhpal Singh Xu, Minxian Patros, Panos Wu, Huaming Kaur, Rupinder Kaur, Kamalpreet Fuller, Stephanie Singh, Manmeet Arora, Priyansh Parlikad, Ajith Kumar Stankovski, Vlado Abraham, Ajith Ghosh, Soumya K. Lutfiyya, Hanan Kanhere, Salil S. Bahsoon, Rami Rana, Omer Dustdar, Schahram Sakellariou, Rizos Uhlig, Steve Buyya, Rajkumar School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China Raygun Performance Monitoring Wellington New Zealand Center for Applied Mathematics Tianjin University Tianjin China Department of Science Kings Education London United Kingdom Cymax Group Technologies BC Canada QM Academy Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom Jackson School of Geosciences University of Texas at Austin AustinTX United States Centre for Climate Change Research Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology Pune India Microsoft Hyderabad India Institute for Manufacturing Department of Engineering University of Cambridge Cambridge United Kingdom Faculty of Computer and Information Science University of Ljubljana Ljubljana Slovenia Machine Intelligence Research Labs AuburnWA United States Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur India Department of Computer Science University of Western Ontario London Canada Sydney Australia School of Computer Science University of Birmingham United Kingdom School of Computer Science and Informatics Cardiff University Cardiff United Kingdom Distributed Systems Group Vienna University of Technology Vienna Austria Department of Computer Science University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester United Kingdom Laboratory School of Computing and Information Systems The University of Melbourne Australia

ChatGPT, an AI-based chatbot, was released to provide coherent and useful replies based on analysis of large volumes of data. In this article, leading scientists, researchers and engineers discuss the transformative effects of ChatGPT on modern education. This research seeks to improve our knowledge of ChatGPT capabilities and its use in the education sector, identifying potential concerns and challenges. Our preliminary evaluation concludes that ChatGPT performed differently in each subject area including finance, coding and maths. While ChatGPT has the ability to help educators by creating instructional content, offering suggestions and acting as an online educator to learners by answering questions and promoting group work, there are clear drawbacks in its use, such as the possibility of producing inaccurate or false data and circumventing duplicate content (plagiarism) detectors where originality is essential. The often reported "hallucinations" within Generative AI in general, and also relevant for ChatGPT, can render its use of limited benefit where accuracy is essential. What ChatGPT lacks is a stochastic measure to help provide sincere and sensitive communication with its users. Academic regulations and evaluation practices used in educational institutions need to be updated, should ChatGPT be used as a tool in education. To address the transformative effects of ChatGPT on the learning environment, educating teachers and students alike about its capabilities and limitations will be crucial. © 2023, CC0.

关键词： Machine learning

FrameAxis: Characterizing microframe bias and intensity with word embedding

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Kwak, Haewoon An, Jisun Jing, Elise Ahn, Yong-Yeol School of Computing and Information Systems Singapore Management University Singapore Center for Complex Networks and Systems Research Luddy School of Informatics Computing and Engineering Indiana University BloomingtonIN United States Indiana University Network Science Institute Indiana University BloomingtonIN United States Connection Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States

Framing is a process of emphasizing a certain aspect of an issue over the others, nudging readers or listeners towards different positions on the issue even without making a biased argument. Here, we propose FrameAxis, a method for characterizing documents by identifying the most relevant semantic axes ("microframes") that are overrepresented in the text using word embedding. Our unsupervised approach can be readily applied to large datasets because it does not require manual annotations. It can also provide nuanced insights by considering a rich set of semantic axes. FrameAxis is designed to quantitatively tease out two important dimensions of how microframes are used in the text. Microframe bias captures how biased the text is on a certain microframe, and microframe intensity shows how actively a certain microframe is used. Together, they offer a detailed characterization of the text. We demonstrate that microframes with the highest bias and intensity well align with sentiment, topic, and partisan spectrum by applying FrameAxis to multiple datasets from restaurant reviews to political news. The existing domain knowledge can be incorporated into FrameAxis by using custom microframes and by using FrameAxis as an iterative exploratory analysis instrument. Additionally, we propose methods for explaining the results of FrameAxis at the level of individual words and documents. Our method may accelerate scalable and sophisticated computational analyses of framing across disciplines. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Semantics

Clone Swarms: Learning to Predict and Control Multi-Robot systems by Imitation

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Clone Swarms: Learning to Predict and Control Multi-Robot Sy...

2019 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and systems (IROS)

作者： Siyu Zhou Mariano J. Phielipp Jorge A. Sefair Sara I. Walker Heni Ben Amor Department of Physics Arizona State University Intel Corporation School of Computing Informatics and Decision Systems Engineering Arizona State University School of Earch and Space Exploration Arizona State University

In this paper, we propose SwarmNet - a neural network architecture that can learn to predict and imitate the behavior of an observed swarm of agents in a centralized manner. Tested on artificially generated swarm motion data, the network achieves high levels of prediction accuracy and imitation authenticity. We compare our model to previous approaches for modelling interaction systems and show how modifying components of other models gradually approaches the performance of ours. Finally, we also discuss an extension of SwarmNet that can deal with nondeterministic, noisy, and uncertain environments, as often found in robotics applications.

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Applications of social media in hydroinformatics: A survey

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Yu, Yufeng Zhu, Yuelong Wan, Dingsheng Zhao, Qun Shu, Kai Liu, Huan College of Computer and Information Hohai University Nanjing Jiangsu China School of Computing Informatics and Decision Systems Engineering Arizona State University TempeAZ United States

Floods of research and practical applications employ social media data for a wide range of public applications, including environmental monitoring, water resource managing, disaster and emergency response, etc. Hydroinformatics can benefit from the social media technologies with newly emerged data, techniques and analytical tools to handle large datasets, from which creative ideas and new values could be mined. This paper first proposes a 4W (What, Why, When, hoW) model and a methodological structure to better understand and represent the application of social media to hydroinformatics, then provides an overview of academic research of applying social media to hydroinformatics such as water environment, water resources, flood, drought and water Scarcity management. At last, some advanced topics and suggestions of water-related social media applications from data collection, data quality management, fake news detection, privacy issues, algorithms and platforms was present to hydroinformatics managers and researchers based on previous discussion. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Social networking (online)

Same stats, different graphs: Exploring the space of graphs in terms of graph properties

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Chen, Hang Soni, Utkarsh Lu, Yafeng Huroyan, Vahan Maciejewski, Ross Kobourov, Stephen Department of Computer Science University of Arizona TucsonAZ United States School of Computing Informatics Decision Systems Engineering Arizona State University AZ United States

Data analysts commonly utilize statistics to summarize large datasets. While it is often sufficient to explore only the summary statistics of a dataset (e.g., min/mean/max), Anscombe’s Quartet demonstrates how such statistics can be misleading. We consider a similar problem in the context of graph mining. To study the relationships between different graph properties, we examine low-order non-isomorphic graphs and provide a simple visual analytics system to explore correlations across multiple graph properties. However, for larger graphs, studying the entire space quickly becomes intractable. We use different random graph generation methods to further look into the distribution of graph properties for higher order graphs and investigate the impact of various sampling methodologies. We also describe a method for generating many graphs that are identical over a number of graph properties and statistics yet are clearly different and identifiably distinct. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Graphic methods

Threshold Logic in a Flash

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Threshold Logic in a Flash

IEEE International Conference on Computer Design: VLSI in Computers and Processors, (ICCD)

作者： Ankit Wagle Gian Singh Jinghua Yang Sunil Khatri Sarma Vrudhula School of Computing Informatics and Decision Systems Engineering Arizona State University Tempe AZ Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX

This paper describes a novel design of a threshold logic gate (a binary perceptron) and its implementation as a standard cell. This new cell structure, referred to as flash threshold logic (FTL), uses floating gate (flash) transistors to realize the weights associated with a threshold function. The threshold voltages of the flash transistors serve as proxy for the weights. An FTL cell can be equivalently viewed as a multi-input, edge-triggered flipflop which computes a threshold function on a clock edge. Consequently it can used in automatic synthesis of ASICs. The use of flash transistors in the FTL cell allows programming of the weights after fabrication, thereby preventing discovery of its function by a foundry or by reverse engineering. This paper focuses on the design and characteristics of the FTL cell. We present a novel method for programming the weights of an FTL cell for a specified threshold function using a modified perceptron learning algorithm. The algorithm is further extended to select weights to maximize the robustness of the design in the presence of process variations. The FTL circuit was designed in 40nm technology and simulations with layout-extracted parasitics included, demonstrate significant improvements in area (79.7%), power (61.1%), and performance (42.5%) when compared to the equivalent implementations of the same function in conventional static CMOS design. Weight selection targeting robustness is demonstrated using Monte Carlo simulations. The paper also shows how FTL cells can be used for fixing timing errors after fabrication.

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