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IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium 2019年 2019-April卷 XIV-XV页

作者： Maciejewski, Ross Seo, Jinwook Westermann, Rüdiger School of Computing Informatics and Decision Systems Engineering Arizona State University TempeAZ United States Department of Computer Science and Engineering Seoul National University Seoul Korea Republic of Computer Graphics and Visualization Group Technische Universitat Munchen Garching Germany

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Misinformation, believability, and vaccine acceptance over 40 countries: Takeaways from the initial phase of the COVID-19 infodemic

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Singh, Karandeep Lima, Gabriel Cha, Meeyoung Cha, Chiyoung Kulshrestha, Juhi Ahn, Yong-Yeol Varol, Onur Institute for Basic Science Daejeon34126 Korea Republic of School of Computing KAIST Daejeon34141 Korea Republic of Ewha Womans University Seoul03760 Korea Republic of GESIS-Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences Unter Sachsenhausen 6-8 Cologne50667 Germany Center for Complex Networks and Systems Research Luddy School of Informatics Computing and Engineering Indiana University IN47408 United States Indiana University Network Science Institute Indiana University IN47408 United States Connection Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology MA02139 United States Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Sabanci University Istanbul34956 Turkey

The COVID-19 pandemic has been damaging to the lives of people all around the world. Accompanied by the pandemic is an infodemic, an abundant and uncontrolled spreading of potentially harmful misinformation. The infodemic may severely change the pandemic's course by interfering with public health interventions such as wearing masks, social distancing, and vaccination. In particular, the impact of the infodemic on vaccination is critical because it holds the key to reverting to pre-pandemic normalcy. This paper presents findings from a global survey on the extent of worldwide exposure to the COVID-19 infodemic, assesses different populations' susceptibility to false claims, and analyzes its association with vaccine acceptance. Based on responses gathered from over 18,400 individuals from 40 countries, we find a strong association between perceived believability of misinformation and vaccination hesitancy. Additionally, our study shows that only half of the online users exposed to rumors might have seen the fact-checked information. Moreover, depending on the country, between 6% and 37% of individuals considered these rumors believable. Our survey also shows that poorer regions are more susceptible to encountering and believing COVID-19 misinformation. We discuss implications of our findings on public campaigns that proactively spread accurate information to countries that are more susceptible to the infodemic. We also highlight fact-checking platforms' role in better identifying and prioritizing claims that are perceived to be believable and have wide exposure. Our findings give insights into better handling of risk communication during the initial phase of a future pandemic. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Vaccines

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Correction to: Social influence and unfollowing accelerate the emergence of echo chambers

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Journal of Computational Social Science 2022年第2期5卷 1779-1779页

作者： Sasahara, Kazutoshi Chen, Wen Peng, Hao Ciampaglia, Giovanni Luca Flammini, Alessandro Menczer, Filippo Graduate School of Informatics Nagoya University Nagoya Japan JST PRESTO Saitama Japan Center for Complex Networks and Systems Research Indiana University Bloomington Bloomington USA Luddy School of Informatics Computing and Engineering Indiana University Bloomington USA School of Information University of Michigan Ann Arbor USA Network Science Institute Indiana University Bloomington USA Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of South Florida Tampa USA

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Modulated Model Predictive Current Control of a Four-Leg Inverter

Modulated Model Predictive Current Control of a Four-Leg Inv...

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Power Electronic and Drive systems and Technologies Conference (PEDSTC)

作者： Venkata Yaramasu Kristiyan Milev Apparao Dekka Marco Rivera Jose Rodriguez Felix Rojas School of Informatics Computing and Cyber Systems Northern Arizona University Flagstaff USA Lakehead University Thunder Bay Canada Faculty of Engineering Universidad de Talca Curico Chile Faculty of Engineering Universidad Andres Bello Santiago Chile University of Santiago of Chile Santiago Chile

ISBN: (数字)9781728158495

ISBN: (纸本)9781728158501

A novel modulated model predictive current control for a two-level four-leg voltage source inverter is proposed in this paper. The proposed scheme is designed by combining the operating principles of traditional predictive control with the three-dimensional space vector modulation to enhance the output power quality, while producing fixed switching frequency operation and fast dynamic response for the four-leg inverter. In contrast to the classical predictive control which applies the switching state corresponding to optimal cost function, the proposed controller uses three active vectors and a zero vector to optimize the cost function. Finally, the switching states for four-leg inverter are produced by a modulation stage containing nine-segment switching pattern similar to the classical three-dimensional space vector modulation. The proposed control scheme is validated through simulations considering three-phase unbalanced reference currents and loads.

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Epidemic plateau in critical susceptible-infected-removed dynamics with nontrivial initial conditions

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Physical Review E 2020年第5期102卷 052309-052309页

作者： Filippo Radicchi Ginestra Bianconi Center for Complex Networks and Systems Research Luddy School of Informatics Computing and Engineering Indiana University Bloomington Indiana 47408 USA The Alan Turing Institute 96 Euston Rd London NW1 2DB United Kingdom School of Mathematical Sciences Queen Mary University of London London E1 4NS United Kingdom

Containment measures implemented by some countries to suppress the spread of COVID-19 have resulted in a slowdown of the epidemic characterized by time series of daily infections plateauing over extended periods of time. We prove that such a dynamical pattern is compatible with critical susceptible-infected-removed (SIR) dynamics. In traditional analyses of the critical SIR model, the critical dynamical regime is started from a single infected node. The application of containment measures to an ongoing epidemic, however, has the effect to make the system enter in its critical regime with a number of infected individuals potentially large. We describe how such nontrivial starting conditions affect the critical behavior of the SIR model. We perform a theoretical and large-scale numerical investigation of the model. We show that the expected outbreak size is an increasing function of the initial number of infected individuals, while the expected duration of the outbreak is a nonmonotonic function of the initial number of infected individuals. Also, we precisely characterize the magnitude of the fluctuations associated with the size and duration of the outbreak in critical SIR dynamics with nontrivial initial conditions. Far from herd immunity, fluctuations are much larger than average values, thus indicating that predictions of plateauing time series may be particularly challenging.

关键词： Critical phenomena Epidemic Epidemic evolution Scaling laws of complex systems

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Feasibility Cut Generation by Simulation: Server Allocation in Serial–Parallel Manufacturing systems

Feasibility Cut Generation by Simulation: Server Allocation ...

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Simulation Winter Conference

作者： Mengyi Zhang Andrea Matta Arianna Alfieri Giulia Pedrielli Department of Mechanical Engineering Politecnico di Milano Milan ITALY Department of Management and Production Engineering Politecnico di Torino Turin ITALY School of Computing Informatics and Decision Systems Engineering Arizona State University Tempe AZ USA

ISBN: (数字)9781728132839

ISBN: (纸本)9781728120522

Simulation-optimization problems exhibit substantial inefficiencies when applied to high-dimensional problems. The problem is exacerbated in case where feasibility also needs to be evaluated using simulation. In this work, we propose an approximate iterative approach to identify feasible solutions and quickly find good solutions to the original problem. The approach is based on discrete event optimization (i.e., a mathematical programming representation of the simulation-optimization problems) and Benders decomposition, which is used for cut generation while a system alternative is simulated. The procedure is currently tailored for the server allocation problem in the multi-stage serial-parallel manufacturing line constrained to a target system time on a specific sample path. Results on randomly generated instances show its effectiveness in quickly eliminating infeasible solutions, thus decreasing the required computational effort and keeping the optimality gap low.

关键词： Servers Mathematical model Computational modeling Resource management Mathematical programming

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Threshold logic in a flash

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Wagle, Ankit Singh, Gian Yang, Jinghua Khatri, Sunil Vrudhula, Sarma School of Computing Informatics and Decision Systems Engineering Arizona State University TempeAZ85281 United States Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A&M University College StationTX United States

This paper describes a novel design of a threshold logic gate (a binary perceptron) and its implementation as a standard cell. This new cell structure, referred to as flash threshold logic (FTL), uses floating gate (flash) transistors to realize the weights associated with a threshold function. The threshold voltages of the flash transistors serve as a proxy for the weights. An FTL cell can be equivalently viewed as a multi-input, edge-triggered flipflop which computes a threshold function on a clock edge. Consequently, it can be used in the automatic synthesis of ASICs. The use of flash transistors in the FTL cell allows programming of the weights after fabrication, thereby preventing discovery of its function by a foundry or by reverse engineering. This paper focuses on the design and characteristics of the FTL cell. We present a novel method for programming the weights of an FTL cell for a specified threshold function using a modified perceptron learning algorithm. The algorithm is further extended to select weights to maximize the robustness of the design in the presence of process variations. The FTL circuit was designed in 40nm technology and simulations with layout-extracted parasitics included, demonstrate significant improvements in the area (79.7%), power (61.1%), and performance (42.5%) when compared to the equivalent implementations of the same function in conventional static CMOS design. Weight selection targeting robustness is demonstrated using Monte Carlo simulations. The paper also shows how FTL cells can be used for fixing timing errors after fabrication. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Monte Carlo methods

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Primitive Simultaneous Optimization of Similarity Metrics for Image Registration

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Waldmannstetter, Diana Wiestler, Benedikt Schwarting, Julian Ezhov, Ivan Metz, Marie Bakas, Spyridon Baheti, Bhakti Chakrabarty, Satrajit Rueckert, Daniel Kirschke, Jan S. Heckemann, Rolf A. Piraud, Marie Menze, Bjoern H. Kofler, Florian Department of Informatics Technical University of Munich Munich Germany Department of Quantitative Biomedicine University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology School of Medicine Klinikum rechts der Isar Technical University of Munich Munich Germany TranslaTUM - Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research Technical University of Munich Munich Germany University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA United States Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA United States Department of Radiology Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA United States Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering Washington University in St.Louis St. LouisMO United States Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Medicine Technical University of Munich Munich Germany Department of Computing Imperial College London London United Kingdom Department of Medical Radiation Sciences University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden Helmholtz AI Helmholtz Zentrum München Munich Germany

Even though simultaneous optimization of similarity metrics is a standard procedure in the field of semantic segmentation, surprisingly, this is much less established for image registration. To help closing this gap in the literature, we investigate in a complex multi-modal 3D setting whether simultaneous optimization of registration metrics, here implemented by means of primitive summation, can benefit image registration. We evaluate two challenging datasets containing collections of pre- to post-operative and pre- to intra-operative Magnetic Resonance (MR) images of glioma. Employing the proposed optimization, we demonstrate improved registration accuracy in terms of Target Registration Error (TRE) on expert neuroradiologists’ landmark annotations. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Image registration

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Considerations for using the vasculature as a coordinate system to map all the cells in the human body

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Weber, Griffin M. Ju, Yingnan Börner, Katy Department of Biomedical Informatics Harvard Medical School BostonMA United States Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering School of Informatics Computing and Engineering Indiana University BloomingtonIN United States

Several ongoing international efforts are developing methods of localizing single cells within organs or mapping the entire human body at the single cell level, including the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative's Human Cell Atlas (HCA), and the Knut and Allice Wallenberg Foundation's Human Protein Atlas (HPA), and the National Institutes of Health's Human BioMolecular Atlas Program (HuBMAP). Their goals are to understand cell specialization, interactions, spatial organization in their natural context, and ultimately the function of every cell within the body. In the same way that the Human Genome Project had to assemble sequence data from different people to construct a complete sequence, multiple centers around the world are collecting tissue specimens from a diverse population that varies in age, race, sex, and body size. A challenge will be combining these heterogeneous tissue samples into a 3D reference map that will enable multiscale, multidimensional Google Maps-like exploration of the human body. Key to making alignment of tissue samples work is identifying and using a coordinate system called a Common Coordinate Framework (CCF), which defines the positions, or "addresses", in a reference body, from whole organs down to functional tissue units and individual cells. In this perspective, we examine the concept of a CCF based on the vasculature and describe why it would be an attractive choice for mapping the human body. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Blood vessels

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An iris segmentation technique using black hole search method and canny edge detector

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2024年第1期2867卷

作者： Sani Sufyan Bature Danlami Muktar Sapi’ee Jamel Ibrahim M. Sulaiman Sukono Sukono Aceng Sambas Department of Computer Science Yusuf Maitama Sule University Kano Nigeria Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Universiti Tun Hussien On Malaysia Johor Malaysia Institute of Strategic Industrial Decision Modelling (ISIDM) School of Quantitative Sciences Universiti Utara Malaysia UUM Sintok 06010 Kedah Malaysia Department of Mathematics Universitas Padjadjaran Sumedang Indonesia Faculty of Informatics and Computing Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin Campus Besut 22200 Terengganu Malaysia Department of Mechanical Engineering Universitas Muhammadiyah Tasikmalaya Tasikmalaya Indonesia

Biometric is the most fundamental and efficient technique used in terms of recognizing individuals uniquely. As we have two types of biometric; one on physical and the other in terms behavioral characteristics. Iris segmentation is a crucial stage in iris recognition systems since it determines the accuracy of all future phases and can be segmented using a variety of techniques. There are different iris segmentation techniques, but the most widely used ones are the circular Hough transform and Daugman’s algorithm which are commonly employed in commercial and research problems involving iris recognition systems. In iris recognition system, the time it took to detect the iris and the accuracy with which it was located are both important aspects. Due to low in terms of accuracy we have suggested a different approach of iris segmentation based on the black hole search method and canny edge detector in this research. The proposed approach is tested using CASIA and MMU Database iris images. This technique is effective in terms of the time it takes to detect an eye’s iris, as it directly utilizes intensity and shape. Also, we can detect the iris of an eye much faster than the standard technique with the help of image processing.

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