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arXiv 2025年

作者： Hébert-Dufresne, Laurent Ahn, Yong-Yeol Allard, Antoine Crothers, Jessica W. Dodds, Peter Sheridan Galesic, Mirta Ghanbarnejad, Fakhteh Gravel, Dominique Hammond, Ross A. Lerman, Kristina Lovato, Juniper Openshaw, John J. Redner, S. Scarpino, Samuel V. St-Onge, Guillaume Tangherlini, Timothy R. Young, Jean-Gabriel Vermont Complex Systems Institute University of Vermont BurlingtonVT United States Translational Global Infectious Disease Research Center University of Vermont BurlingtonVT United States Department of Computer Science University of Vermont BurlingtonVT United States Center for Complex Networks and Systems Research Luddy School of Informatics Computing and Engineering Indiana University BloomingtonIN United States Département de physique de génie physique et d’optique Université Laval QuébecQC Canada Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Robert Larner M.D. College of Medicine University of Vermont BurlingtonVT United States Santa Fe Institute Santa FeNM United States Complexity Science Hub Vienna Austria School of Technology and Architecture SRH University of Applied Sciences Heidelberg Leipzig Germany Département de biologie Université de Sherbrooke SherbrookeQC Canada Brown School Washington University in St. Louis St. LouisMO United States The Brookings Institution WashingtonDC United States Information Sciences Institute University of Southern California United States Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine Stanford University StanfordCA United States Institute for Experiential AI Northeastern University BostonMA United States Laboratory for the Modeling of Biological and Socio-technical Systems Northeastern University BostonMA United States The Roux Institute Northeastern University PortlandME United States Department of Scandinavian School of Information University of California Berkeley BerkeleyCA United States Department of Mathematics & Statistics University of Vermont BurlingtonVT United States

From pathogens and computer viruses to genes and memes, contagion models have found widespread utility across the natural and social sciences. Despite their success and breadth of adoption, the approach and structure of these models remain surprisingly siloed by field. Given the siloed nature of their development and widespread use, one persistent assumption is that a given contagion can be studied in isolation, independently from what else might be spreading in the population. In reality, countless contagions of biological and social nature interact within hosts (interacting with existing beliefs, or the immune system) and across hosts (interacting in the environment, or affecting transmission mechanisms). Additionally, from a modeling perspective, we know that relaxing these assumptions has profound effects on the physics and translational implications of the models. Here, we review mechanisms for interactions in social and biological contagions, as well as the models and frameworks developed to include these interactions in the study of the contagions. We highlight existing problems related to the inference of interactions and to the scalability of mathematical models and identify promising avenues of future inquiries. In doing so, we highlight the need for interdisciplinary efforts under a unified science of contagions and for removing a common dichotomy between social and biological contagions. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Histology

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Modulated Model Predictive Torque and Power Control of Gearless PMSG Wind Turbines

Modulated Model Predictive Torque and Power Control of Gearl...

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IEEE International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation systems (PEDG)

作者： Kristiyan Milev Venkata Yaramasu Apparao Dekka Samir Kouro Tomislav Dragicevic Jose Rodriguez School of Informatics Computing and Cyber Systems Northern Arizona University Flagstaff USA Lakehead University Thunder Bay Canada Universidad Tecnica Federico Santa Maria Valparaiso Chile Technical University of Denmark Lyngby Denmark Faculty of Engineering Universidad Andres Bello Santiago Chile

ISBN: (数字)9781728169903

ISBN: (纸本)9781728169910

In this paper, novel modulated model predictive toque and power control schemes are proposed for machine- and grid-side converters, respectively in the gearless permanent magnet synchronous generator-based wind turbines. The state variables such as generator torque and flux, and grid active and reactive powers are predicted and evaluated by two independent duty-cycle optimized cost functions. The stationary voltage vectors corresponding to the optimal duty cycles are then synthesized by the space vector modulation to achieve fixed switching frequency operation for the back-to-back connected voltage source converter. With the proposed control schemes, the state variables are controlled precisely with fast transient response and low steady-state errors to accomplish the control goals of wind turbines during a wide-dynamic range operation. The feasibility of the proposed schemes is verified through simulation results using a 750-kW wind turbine system.

关键词： Transient response Torque Switching frequency Power control Predictive models Wind turbines Steady-state

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Development of a Smart Instrumentation for Analyzing Railway Track Health Monitoring Using Forced Vibration

Development of a Smart Instrumentation for Analyzing Railway...

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International Conference on Application of Information and Communication Technologies (AICT)

作者： BS Chowdhry Ali Akbar Shah Nick Harris Tanweer Hussain Kashif Nisar National Center of Robotics and Automation -Condition Monitoring Systems Lab Mehran University of Engineering & Technology Jamshoro Pakistan School of ECS University of Southampton UK DHA Suffa University Karachi Pakistan Faculty of Computing and Informatics University Malaysia Sabah Kota Kinabalu Sabah Malaysia

ISBN: (数字)9781728173863

ISBN: (纸本)9781728173870

Harmonic responses play a prominent role in determining metallic faults in railways. Therefore, it is useful to develop some instrumentation governed by the principles of forced vibration to evaluate the health condition of a railway track. The conventional systems developed to identify track damage have large deviations in measurements and are not reliable for examining track faults such as track drainage faults and surface damaged faults. This study focuses on the development of an instrument that analyzes track damage wirelessly in real time. Based on forced vibration, the relation between the harmonic response with the amplitude is demonstrated. The developed instrument was validated on an actual railway track. The result shows that, the developed instrument can be used to determine the serviceability of the railway track, thus avoiding any potential catastrophic events.

关键词： Vibrations Instruments Fault location Harmonic analysis Rail transportation Real-time systems Monitoring

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Enabling Discoveries: Thirty Years of Advanced Technologies and Instrumentation at the National Science Foundation

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Kurczynski, Peter Milojević, Staša National Science Foundation 2415 Eisenhower Ave AlexandriaVA United States Rutgers State University of New Jersey PiscatawayNJ United States Center for Complex Networks and Systems Research Luddy School of Informatics Computing and Engineering Indiana University Bloomington United States

Over its more than thirty-year history, the Advanced Technologies and Instrumentation (ATI) program has provided grants to support technology development and instrumentation for ground-based astronomy. Through a combination of automated literature assessment and in-depth literature review, we present a survey of ATI-funded research and an assessment of its impact on astronomy and society. Award acknowledgement and literature citation statistics for ATI are comparable to a comparison astronomy grant program that does not support technology development. Citation statistics for both NSF-funded programs exceed those of the general astronomical literature. Numerous examples demonstrate the significant, long term impact of ATI-supported research on astronomy. As part of this impact, ATI grants have provided many early career researchers the opportunity to gain critical professional experience. However, technology development unfolds over a time period that is longer than an individual grant. A longitudinal perspective shows that investments in technology and instrumentation have lead to extraordinary scientific progress. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： II-VI semiconductors

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Understanding metric-related pitfalls in image analysis validation

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Reinke, Annika Tizabi, Minu D. Baumgartner, Michael Eisenmann, Matthias Heckmann-Nötzel, Doreen Kavur, A. Emre Rädsch, Tim Sudre, Carole H. Acion, Laura Antonelli, Michela Arbel, Tal Bakas, Spyridon Benis, Arriel Blaschko, Matthew B. Buettner, Florian Cardoso, M. Jorge Cheplygina, Veronika Chen, Jianxu Christodoulou, Evangelia Cimini, Beth A. Collins, Gary S. Farahani, Keyvan Ferrer, Luciana Galdran, Adrian van Ginneken, Bram Glocker, Ben Godau, Patrick Haase, Robert Hashimoto, Daniel A. Hoffman, Michael M. Huisman, Merel Isensee, Fabian Jannin, Pierre Kahn, Charles E. Kainmueller, Dagmar Kainz, Bernhard Karargyris, Alexandros Karthikesalingam, Alan Kenngott, Hannes Kleesiek, Jens Kofler, Florian Kooi, Thijs Kopp-Schneider, Annette Kozubek, Michal Kreshuk, Anna Kurc, Tahsin Landman, Bennett A. Litjens, Geert Madani, Amin Maier-Hein, Klaus Martel, Anne L. Mattson, Peter Meijering, Erik Menze, Bjoern Moons, Karel G.M. Müller, Henning Nichyporuk, Brennan Nickel, Felix Petersen, Jens Rafelski, Susanne M. Rajpoot, Nasir Reyes, Mauricio Riegler, Michael A. Rieke, Nicola Saez-Rodriguez, Julio Sánchez, Clara I. Shetty, Shravya Summers, Ronald M. Taha, Abdel A. Tiulpin, Aleksei Tsaftaris, Sotirios A. van Calster, Ben Varoquaux, Gaël Yaniv, Ziv R. Jäger, Paul F. Maier-Hein, Lena Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany Heidelberg Division of Intelligent Medical Systems Germany NCT Heidelberg A Partnership Between DKFZ University Medical Center Heidelberg Germany Heidelberg Division of Medical Image Computing Germany Heidelberg Division of Intelligent Medical Systems Germany MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing UCL Centre for Medical Image Computing Department of Computer Science University College London London United Kingdom School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Science King’s College London London United Kingdom Instituto de Cálculo CONICET – Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina Centre for Medical Image Computing University College London London United Kingdom McGill University Montreal Canada Division of Computational Pathology Dept of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Indiana University School of Medicine IU Health Information and Translational Sciences Building Indianapolis United States University of Pennsylvania Richards Medical Research Laboratories FL7 PhiladelphiaPA United States Department of Digital Medical Technologies Holon Institute of Technology Holon Israel European Federation for Medical Informatics Le Mont-sur-Lausanne Switzerland Center for Processing Speech and Images Department of Electrical Engineering KU Leuven Leuven Belgium partner site Frankfurt/Mainz a partnership between DKFZ and UCT Frankfurt Marburg Germany Heidelberg Germany Goethe University Frankfurt Department of Medicine Germany Goethe University Frankfurt Department of Informatics Germany and Frankfurt Cancer Insititute Germany Department of Computer Science IT University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften – ISAS – e.V. Dortmund Germany Imaging Platform Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard CambridgeMA United States Centre for Statistics in Medicine University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Center for Biomedical In

Validation metrics are key for tracking scientific progress and bridging the current chasm between artificial intelligence (AI) research and its translation into practice. However, increasing evidence shows that particularly in image analysis, metrics are often chosen inadequately. While taking into account the individual strengths, weaknesses, and limitations of validation metrics is a critical prerequisite to making educated choices, the relevant knowledge is currently scattered and poorly accessible to individual researchers. Based on a multi-stage Delphi process conducted by a multidisciplinary expert consortium as well as extensive community feedback, the present work provides the first reliable and comprehensive common point of access to information on pitfalls related to validation metrics in image analysis. While focused on biomedical image analysis, the addressed pitfalls generalize across application domains and are categorized according to a newly created, domain-agnostic taxonomy. The work serves to enhance global comprehension of a key topic in image analysis validation. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Computer vision

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EcoLens: Visual analysis of urban region dynamics using traffic data

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2019年

作者： Jin, Zhuochen Cao, Nan Shi, Yang Tong, Hanghang Wu, Yingcai Intelligent Big Data Visualization Lab Tongji University Shanghai China School of Computing Informatics and Decision Systems Engineering Arizona State University United States College of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China

The rapid development of urbanization during the past decades has significantly improved people's lives but also introduced new challenges on effective functional urban planning and transportation management. The functional regions defined based on a static boundary rarely reflect an individual's daily experience of the space in which they live and visit for a variety of purposes. Fortunately, the increasing availability of spatiotemporal data provides unprecedented opportunities for understanding the structure of an urban area in terms of people's activity pattern and how they form the latent regions over time. These ecological regions, where people temporarily share a similar moving behavior during a short period of time, could provide insights into urban planning and smart-city services. However, existing solutions are limited in their capacity of capturing the evolutionary patterns of dynamic latent regions within urban context. In this work, we introduce an interactive visual analysis approach, EcoLens, that allows analysts to progressively explore and analyze the complex dynamic segmentation patterns of a city using traffic data. We propose an extended non-negative Matrix Factorization based algorithm smoothed over both spatial and temporal dimensions to capture the spatiotemporal dynamics of the city. The algorithm also ensures the orthogonality of its result to facilitate the interpretation of different patterns. A suite of visualizations is designed to illustrate the dynamics of city segmentation and the corresponding interactions are added to support the exploration of the segmentation patterns over time. We evaluate the effectiveness of our system via case studies using a real-world dataset and a qualitative interview with the domain expert. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Non-negative matrix factorization

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Scientific elite revisited: Patterns of productivity, collaboration, authorship and impact

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Li, Jichao Yin, Yian Fortunato, Santo Wang, Dashun College of Systems Engineering National University of Defense Technology Changsha China Center for Science of Science and Innovation Northwestern University EvanstonIL United States Northwestern Institute on Complex Systems Northwestern University EvanstonIL United States Kellogg School of Management Northwestern University EvanstonIL United States McCormick School of Engineering Northwestern University EvanstonIL United States School of Informatics Computing and Engineering Indiana University BloomingtonIN United States Indiana University BloomingtonIN United States

Throughout history, a relatively small number of individuals have made a profound and lasting impact on science and society. Despite long-standing, multi-disciplinary interests in understanding careers of elite scientists, there have been limited attempts for a quantitative, career-level analysis. Here, we leverage a comprehensive dataset we assembled, allowing us to trace the entire career histories of nearly all Nobel laureates in physics, chemistry, and physiology or medicine over the past century. We find that, although Nobel laureates were energetic producers from the outset, producing works that garner unusually high impact, their careers before winning the prize follow relatively similar patterns as ordinary scientists, being characterized by hot streaks and increasing reliance on collaborations. We also uncovered notable variations along their careers, often associated with the Nobel prize, including shifting coauthorship structure in the prize-winning work, and a significant but temporary dip in the impact of work they produce after winning the Nobel. Together, these results document quantitative patterns governing the careers of scientific elites, offering an empirical basis for a deeper understanding of the hallmarks of exceptional careers in science. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

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Integrating Traffic Datasets for Evaluating Road Networks

Integrating Traffic Datasets for Evaluating Road Networks

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International Conference on Semantic computing

作者： Ariel Gupta Ajay Bansal Arizona State University School of Computing Informatics and Decision Systems Engineering Mesa AZ

Improving the safety of roads has traditionally been approached by governmental agencies including the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and State Departments of Transportation. In past literature, automobile crash data is analyzed using time-series prediction techniques to identify road segments and/or intersections likely to experience future crashes. After dangerous zones have been identified road modifications can be implemented improving public safety. This project introduces a historical safety metric for evaluating the relative danger of roads in a road network. The historical safety metric can be used to update routing choices of individual drivers improving public safety by avoiding historically more dangerous routes. The metric is constructed using crash frequency, severity, location and traffic information. An analysis of publicly available crash and traffic data in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania is used to generate the historical safety metric for a specific road network. Applications of this metric include comparison of routes based on the safety metric that begins with summing the danger of each accident on each street.

关键词： Computer crashes Roads Safety Routing Measurement Automobiles

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Developing Univariate Neurodegeneration Biomarkers with low-rank and sparse subspace decomposition

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Wang, Gang Dong, Qunxi Wu, Jianfeng Su, Yi Chen, Kewei Su, Qingtang Zhang, Xiaofeng Hao, Jinguang Yao, Tao Liu, Li Zhang, Caiming Caselli, Richard J. Reiman, Eric M. Wang, Yalin Ulsan Ship and Ocean College Ludong University Yantai China School of Computing Informatics and Decision Systems Engineering Arizona State University TempeAZ United States Banner Alzheimer’s Institute Banner Good Samaritan Pet Center PhoenixAZ United States School of Information and Electrical Engineering Ludong University Yantai China Shandong Province Key Lab of Digital Media Technology Shandong University of Finance and Economics Jinan China Department of Neurology Mayo Clinic Arizona ScottsdaleAZ United States

Cognitive decline due to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is closely associated with brain structure alterations captured by structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI). It supports the validity to develop sMRI-based univariate neurodegeneration biomarkers (UNB). However, existing UNB work either fails to model large group variances or does not capture AD dementia (ADD) induced changes. We propose a novel low-rank and sparse subspace decomposition method capable of stably quantifying the morphological changes induced by ADD. Specifically, we propose a numerically efficient rank minimization mechanism to extract group common structure and impose regularization constraints to encode the original 3D morphometry connectivity. Further, we generate regions-of-interest (ROI) with group difference study between common subspaces of Aβ+ AD and Aβ− cognitively unimpaired (CU) groups. A univariate morphometry index (UMI) is constructed from these ROIs by summarizing individual morphological characteristics weighted by normalized difference between Aβ+ AD and Aβ− CU groups. We use hippocampal surface radial distance feature to compute the UMIs and validate our work in the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) cohort. With hippocampal UMIs, the estimated minimum sample sizes needed to detect a 25% reduction in the mean annual change with 80% power and two-tailed P = 0:05 are 116, 279 and 387 for the longitudinal Aβ+ AD, Aβ+ mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Aβ+ CU groups, respectively. Additionally, for MCI patients, UMIs well correlate with hazard ratio of conversion to AD (4:3, 95% CI=2:3 – 8:2) within 18 months. Our experimental results outperform traditional hippocampal volume measures and suggest the application of UMI as a potential UNB. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Biomarkers

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Using DMSP/OLS Nighttime Light to Estimate Electric Power Consumption: Perspective from Transferability Across Years

Using DMSP/OLS Nighttime Light to Estimate Electric Power Co...

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IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS)

作者： Kun Qi Yi’na Hu Weixin Zhai Chengqi Cheng Bo Chen School of Computing Informatics and Decision Systems Engineering Arizona State University Tempe USA School of Geographical Science and Urban Planning Arizona State University Tempe USA Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Peking University Beijing China College of Engineering Peking University Beijing China

Nighttime light (NTL) remote sensing offers an efficient method to estimate electric power consumption (EPC). However, few research applied the estimation model of a certain year to other years' data for validation, and its transferability across years has not been investigated. Taking mainland China as an example, this paper aims to develop an EPC estimation model which is transferable across years. Partial least square regression (PLSR) was used to build the estimation model for EPC with entire DN series of NTL. Then, the model of each single year 2004-2013 was applied to the other years to validate its transferability across years. Results revealed that PLSR performed well both in model calibration (mean R 2 c=0.89) and model transfer (mean R 2 p=0.87). We concluded that PLSR models could effectively excavated reliable quantitative relationship between NTL and EPC, and held good transferability across years.

关键词： Power systems Data models Estimation Predictive models Remote sensing Satellites

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