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International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV)

作者： Yutao Jiang Yang Zhou Yuan Liang Wenxi Liu Jianbo Jiao Yuhui Quan Shengfeng He School of Computer Science and Engineering South China University of Technology School of Computing and Information Systems Singapore Management University College of Computer and Data Science Fuzhou University School of Computer Science University of Birmingham

This paper aims to resolve the challenging problem of wide-angle novel view synthesis from a single image, a.k.a. wide-angle 3D photography. Existing approaches rely on local context and treat them equally to inpaint occluded RGB and depth regions, which fail to deal with large-region occlusion (i.e., observing from an extreme angle) and foreground layers might blend into background inpainting. To address the above issues, we propose Diffuse3D which employs a pre-trained diffusion model for global synthesis, while amending the model to activate depth-aware inference. Our key insight is to alter the convolution mechanism in the denoising process. We inject depth information into the denoising convolution operation with bilateral kernels, i.e., a depth kernel and a spatial kernel, to consider layered correlations among pixels. In this way, foreground regions are overlooked in background inpainting and only pixels close in depth are leveraged. On the other hand, we propose a global-local balancing approach to maximize both contextual understandings. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our approach outperforms state-of-the-art methods in novel view synthesis, especially in wide-angle scenarios. More importantly, our method does not require any training and is a plug-and-play module that can be integrated with any diffusion model. Our code can be found at https://***/yutaojiang1/Diffuse3D.

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ASGEA: Exploiting Logic Rules from Align-Subgraphs for Entity Alignment

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Luo, Yangyifei Chen, Zhuo Guo, Lingbing Li, Qian Zeng, Wenxuan Cai, Zhixin Li, Jianxin School of Computer Science and Engineering Beihang University China College of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang University China Bejing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data and Brain Computing Beihang University China

Entity alignment (EA) aims to identify entities across different knowledge graphs that represent the same real-world objects. Recent embedding-based EA methods have achieved state-of-the-art performance in EA yet faced interpretability challenges as they purely rely on the embedding distance and neglect the logic rules behind a pair of aligned entities. In this paper, we propose the Align-Subgraph Entity Alignment (ASGEA) framework to exploit logic rules from Align-Subgraphs. ASGEA uses anchor links as bridges to construct Align-Subgraphs and spreads along the paths across KGs, which distinguishes it from the embedding-based methods. Furthermore, we design an interpretable Path-based Graph Neural Network, ASGNN, to effectively identify and integrate the logic rules across KGs. We also introduce a node-level multi-modal attention mechanism coupled with multi-modal enriched anchors to augment the Align-Subgraph. Our experimental results demonstrate the superior performance of ASGEA over the existing embedding-based methods in both EA and Multi-Modal EA (MMEA) tasks. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Computer circuits

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MedCare4Home: A Mobile Medical System for Families

MedCare4Home: A Mobile Medical System for Families

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International Conference on e-health Networking, Applications and Services (HealthCom)

作者： Mengting Wang Yen Le Chen-Hsiang Yu School of Computing and Data Science Wentworth Institute of Technology Boston MA U.S.A Multidisciplinary Graduate Engineering College of Engineering Northeastern University Boston MA U.S.A

Managing healthcare data is essential for everyone, but it can be challenging and time-consuming. Although several Web and mobile applications existed for personal medical record management, there were few home-based, family-oriented solutions. In this research, we proposed to design an easy-to-use solution for a family. We designed and implemented an innovative Home Medical Care System, MedCare4Home, by deploying a MERN stack Web application to a minicomputer, Raspberry Pi 4, and enabling a local network to connect different devices at home. The users can access the Web application using either a desktop, tablet, mobile phone, or simply a 7-inch LCD touchscreen. MedCare4Home not only allows users to keep track of appointments and organize healthcare documents, but it can also help set up medication reminders and provide a self-report interface for symptom collection for family members easily and securely in one place. The final developed system demonstrated that we achieved the original goal and beyond. We expect to extend our current hardware design and software development to support physiological data collection with external sensors in the future.

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LightDAG: A Low-latency DAG-based BFT Consensus through Lightweight Broadcast

LightDAG: A Low-latency DAG-based BFT Consensus through Ligh...

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International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing (IPDPS)

作者： Xiaohai Dai Guanxiong Wang Jiang Xiao Zhengxuan Guo Rui Hao Xia Xie Hai Jin National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System Lab Cluster and Grid Computing Lab School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology China School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Wuhan University of Technology China School of Computer Science and Technology Hainan University China

ISBN: (数字)9798350387117

ISBN: (纸本)9798350387124

To improve the throughput of Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT) consensus protocols, the Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) topology has been introduced to parallel data processing, leading to the development of DAG-based BFT consensus. However, existing DAG-based works heavily rely on Reliable Broadcast (RBC) protocols for block broadcasting, which introduces significant latency due to the three communication steps involved in each RBC. For instance, DAGRider, a representative DAG-based protocol, exhibits the best latency of 12 steps, considerably higher than non-DAG protocols like PBFT, which only requires 3 steps. To tackle this issue, we propose LightDAG, which replaces RBC with lightweight broadcasting protocols such as Consistent Broadcast (CBC) and Plain Broadcast (PBC). Since CBC and PBC can be implemented in two and one communication steps, respectively, LightDAG achieves low *** our proposal, we present two variants of LightDAG, namely LightDAG1 and LightDAG2, each providing a trade-off between the best latency and the expected worst latency. In LightDAG1, every block is broadcast using CBC, which exhibits a best latency of 5 steps and an expected worst latency of 14 steps. Since CBC cannot guarantee the totality property, we design a block retrieval mechanism in LightDAG1 to assist replicas in retrieving missing blocks. LightDAG2 utilizes a combination of PBC and CBC for block broadcasting, resulting in the best latency of 4 steps and an expected worst latency of 12(t+1) steps, where t represents the number of actual Byzantine replicas. Since a Byzantine replica may equivocate through PBC, LightDAG2 prohibits blocks from directly referencing contradictory blocks. To ensure liveness, we propose a mechanism to identify and exclude Byzantine replicas if they engage in equivocation attacks. Extensive experiments have been conducted to evaluate LightDAG, and the results demonstrate its feasibility and efficiency.

关键词： Fault tolerance Distributed processing Directed acyclic graph Fault tolerant systems Broadcasting Throughput data processing

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ECLIPSE: Expunging Clean-label Indiscriminate Poisons via Sparse Diffusion Purification

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Wang, Xianlong Hu, Shengshan Zhang, Yechao Zhou, Ziqi Zhang, Leo Yu Xu, Peng Wan, Wei Jin, Hai National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System China Services Computing Technology and System Lab China Cluster and Grid Computing Lab China Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security China Hubei Key Laboratory of Distributed System Security China School of Cyber Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China School of Information and Communication Technology Griffith University SouthportQLD4215 Australia

Clean-label indiscriminate poisoning attacks add invisible perturbations to correctly labeled training images, thus dramatically reducing the generalization capability of the victim models. Recently, defense mechanisms such as adversarial training, image transformation techniques, and image purification have been proposed. However, these schemes are either susceptible to adaptive attacks, built on unrealistic assumptions, or only effective against specific poison types, limiting their universal applicability. In this research, we propose a more universally effective, practical, and robust defense scheme called ECLIPSE. We first investigate the impact of Gaussian noise on the poisons and theoretically prove that any kind of poison will be largely assimilated when imposing sufficient random noise. In light of this, we assume the victim has access to an extremely limited number of clean images (a more practical scene) and subsequently enlarge this sparse set for training a denoising probabilistic model (a universal denoising tool). We then introduce Gaussian noise to absorb the poisons and apply the model for denoising, resulting in a roughly purified dataset. Finally, to address the trade-off of the inconsistency in the assimilation sensitivity of different poisons by Gaussian noise, we propose a lightweight corruption compensation module to effectively eliminate residual poisons, providing a more universal defense approach. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our defense approach outperforms 10 state-of-the-art defenses. We also propose an adaptive attack against ECLIPSE and verify the robustness of our defense scheme. Our code is available at https://***/CGCL-codes/ECLIPSE. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Deep neural networks

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Securing Smart Homes Using Hybrid Stacking Ensemble Deep Learning-Enabled Framework 2

Securing Smart Homes Using Hybrid Stacking Ensemble Deep Lea...

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2nd International engineering Conference on Electrical, Energy, and Artificial Intelligence, EICEEAI 2023

作者： Moubayed, Abdallah Injadat, MohammadNoor Abdellatif Mohamed, Tamer Mohamed Almatarneh, Sattam Al-Mashagbeh, Malak Aljaidi, Mohammad School of Computing and Augmented Intelligence Arizona State University GilbertAZ United States Lebanese American University Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Byblos Lebanon Western University Electrical and Computer Engineering Department LondonON Canada Zarqa University Data Science and Artificial Intelligence Department Zarqa Jordan School of Engineering Applied Science and Technology Canadian University Dubai Dubai United Arab Emirates Zarqa University Cyber Security Department Zarqa Jordan Zarqa University Computer Science Department Zarqa Jordan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350373363

The added deployment of Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices in various environments has led to people increasingly adding this technology to their homes to make them more comfortable and have a more convenient living environment. Despite the promise and the growth potential of the smart home market, one main concern is the security and privacy of smart home devices. This is because smart home devices equipped with IoT technology are prone to various network-based attacks. With smart home devices having limited computation and memory capabilities, many IoT manufacturers often overlook the security aspect by focusing more on the functionality. To address this issue, the concepts of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) have emerged as viable and promising solutions. To that end, this paper proposes a hybrid stacking ensemble DL-enabled framework that combines both classical ML models with sophisticated DL models. The goal is to make use of the simplicity and interpretability of the classical ML models with the superior time-dependent patterns that DL models can detect. The proposed framework's performance is evaluated using multiple datasets representing different smart home devices. Experimental results show that the proposed framework achieved better detection accuracy, precision, recall, and F-score. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Intrusion detection

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An overview on the designs of distributed observers in LTI multi-agent systems

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2021年第11期64卷 2337-2346页

作者： PEI YingQing GU HaiBo LIU KeXin LU JinHu Key Laboratory of Systems and Control Academy of Mathematics and Systems ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Mathematical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data and Brain ComputingBeihang UniversityBeijing 100191China

With the rapid development of information technologies and cloud computing, sensor networks play an increasingly important role in our society. Over the past few decades, distributed observer theory has attracted unprecedented attention due to its wide potential applications in different areas. Meanwhile, various approaches and algorithms have been proposed and investigated. The design of distributed observers is one of the frontier topics of system and control research, which has the significant theoretical values and broad application prospects. This paper attempts to review the representative models and the corresponding approaches for distributed observer design in linear time-invariant(LTI) systems. Firstly, the research backgrounds and main advances of distributed observer designs are briefly reviewed. Then, recent results of distributed observer designs for discrete-time and continuous-time LTI multi-agent systems(MASs) are introduced in detail, respectively. Finally, the prospects and the future work directions of the design of distributed observers are put forward. The main purpose of this paper is to promote the emerging topic on the designs of distributed observers, with focuses on the interdisciplinary interest from technological sciences.

关键词： multi-agent system linear time-invarient system distributed observer consensus

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Container lifecycle-aware scheduling for serverless computing

Container lifecycle-aware scheduling for serverless computin...

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作者： Wu, Song Tao, Zhiheng Fan, Hao Huang, Zhuo Zhang, Xinmin Jin, Hai Yu, Chen Cao, Chun National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System Lab Cluster and Grid Computing Lab School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Department of Computer Science and Technology Nanjing University Nanjing China

Elastic scaling in response to changes on demand is a main benefit of serverless computing. When bursty workloads arrive, a serverless platform launches many new containers and initializes function environments (known as cold starts), which incurs significant startup latency. To reduce cold starts, platforms usually pause a container after it serves a request, and reuse this container for subsequent requests. However, this reuse strategy cannot efficiently reduce cold starts because the schedulers are agnostic of container lifecycle. For example, it may ignore soon available containers or evict soon needed containers. We propose a container lifecycle-aware scheduling strategy for serverless computing, CAS. The key idea is to control distribution of requests and determine creation or eviction of containers according to different lifecycle phases of containers. We implement a prototype of CAS on OpenWhisk. Our evaluation shows that CAS reduces 81% cold starts and therefore brings a 63% reduction at 95th percentile latency compared with native scheduling strategy in OpenWhisk when there is worker contention between workloads, and does not add significant performance overhead. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

关键词： Containers

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AutoMediVision:A Deep Learning System for Accurate Pharmaceutical pill identification

AutoMediVision:A Deep Learning System for Accurate Pharmaceu...

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data Science, Agents & Artificial Intelligence (ICDSAAI), International Conference on

作者： G Rajeswarappa B. Venkata Sivaiah M. Navya Y. Lasya Shaik Mohammad Sameer V. Varun Kumar Department of CSE G Pulla Reddy Engineering College Kurnool Dept. of Data Science School of Computing Mohan Babu University (Erstwhile Sree Vidyanikethan Engineering College) Tirupathi India Dept. of Computer Science and Systems Engineering(CSSE) Sree Vidyanikethan Engineering College Tirupati India

ISBN: (数字)9798331537555

ISBN: (纸本)9798331537562

The goal of this project is to build a high performance system that offers prediction of pill information from images, the pill name, medical use and recommended dosage by using MobileNet which is a lightweight and efficient deep learning model. This system serves as an important tool for healthcare professionals and patients as it offers a means of reducing risk because of the large number of medications out there. For this task, MobileNet was chosen for its high accuracy and good balance between computational efficiency and high accuracy, and hence can be deployed on mobile devices. Having trained the model on a wide variety of pills with class wise annotations, it generalized well for diverse pills. The output of the system is the pill name, primary medical indications and common dosage instructions that help in safer medication management by supporting healthcare providers in providing better care and patient safety.

关键词： Deep learning Accuracy Computational modeling Medical services Mobile handsets Safety Standards Research and development Biomedical imaging Pharmaceuticals

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A comparative analysis of machine learning algorithms for detecting COVID-19 using lung X-ray images

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Decision Analytics Journal 2024年 11卷

作者： Hamal, Susmita Mishra, Bhupesh Kumar Baldock, Robert Sayers, William Adhikari, Tek Narayan Gibson, Ryan M. School of Engineering and Computing University of Gloucestershire United Kingdom Data Science AI & Modelling Centre (DAIM) University of Hull United Kingdom School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences University of Portsmouth United Kingdom Department of Computing University of the West of Scotland United Kingdom

Machine intelligence has the potential to play a significant role in diagnosing, managing, and guiding the treatment of disease, which supports the rising demands on healthcare to provide rapid and accurate interpretation of clinical data. The global pandemic caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARSCoV-2) exposed a need for rapid clinical data interpretation in response to an unprecedented burden on the healthcare system. A new healthcare challenge has arisen – post-COVID syndrome or ‘long COVID’. Symptoms of the post-COVID syndrome can persist for months following infection with SARS-CoV-2, often characterised by fatigue, breathlessness, dizziness, and pain. Despite this additional healthcare burden, no tests can diagnose, monitor, or determine the efficacy of treatments/interventions to support recovery. In this paper, an array of machine-learning algorithms is trained to evaluate and detect COVID-19-associated changes to lung tissue from X-ray images. X-ray images are classified from open sources into three categories: COVID-19 patients, patients with pneumonia, and unaffected otherwise healthy individuals using existing Machine Learning (ML) and pre-trained deep learning models. Prioritising models with the fewest false positives and false negatives assessed the performance of different models in detecting COVID-19-associated lung tissue. In addition, image pre-processing, data augmentation, and hyperparameter tuning are used to achieve the best accuracy in the models. Different ML models, including K Nearest Neighbour (KNN), and decision trees (DT), as well as transfer learning models such as Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Visual Geometry Group (VGG-16, VGG-19), ResNet50, DenseNet201, Xception, and InceptionV3, were tested to evaluate the performance of these models for X-ray images classification. The comparative analysis indicates that VGG-19 with augmentation performed best among the ten algorithms with a training accuracy of 99

关键词： Convolutional Neural Network DenseNet201 Image classification InceptionV3 Long COVID Machine Learning Post-COVID syndrome ResNet50 Transfer Learning Visual Geometry Group Xception

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