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HerbSimNet: Deep Learning -Based Classification of Indian Medicinal Plants with High Inter-Class Similarities

Procedia Computer Science 2025年 258卷 765-774页

作者： N. Shobha Rani Bhavya K R Pushpa B.R. Ragavendra M. Devadas Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science GITAM School of Technology Bengaluru GITAM (Deemed to be) University India Department of Computer Science and Engineering GITAM School of Technology Bengaluru GITAM (Deemed to be) University India Department of Computer Science School of Computing Mysuru Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham India Manipal Institute of Technology Bengaluru Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal India

Medicinal plant species recognition is important across diverse sectors such as Ayurveda, agriculture, environment conservation and botanical research. Specific groups of plants in Indian medicinal plant ecosystem exhibit significant inter-class similarities due to varying abundance and ecological factors. To address the challenges involved in the process of classifying these species in this work a deep learning model Herb-SimNet is proposed. The Herb-SimNet analyzes similarity of plant species over other plant species using vision based deep learning and machine learning techniques. The proposed model works based on the combination of wavelet features and convolutional features extracted using three sequential convolution layers to extract the prominent features that distinguish variations among the inter class similarity plant species. To perform experiments, a dataset is created by capturing medicinal plant leaf images using box model in plain background and uniform lighting. A smart phone captured twelve Indian medicinal plant species comprising of about 1400+ samples that belongs different plant species but similar morphological structure is collected. Baseline experiments are carried out between Herb-SimNet and other state-of-the-art deep learning models for classification based on the proposed dataset. The outcomes demonstrate that Herb_SimNet provides clear interpretation one plant variety with others and achieves superior accuracy in prediction than that of state-of-the-art approaches. Furthermore, the model demonstrates better generalization towards the other inter-class similarity groups considered for testing. In conclusion, the proposed dataset and Herb-SimNet plays a a crucial role in advancement of research concerning Indian medicinal plant species classification resulting into enhancement of AI-based technology for biodiversity conservation and ethnobotanical studies.

关键词： Classification inter-class similarities confusing plant species medicinal plants wavelet image features

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Deconfound Semantic Shift and Incompleteness in Incremental Few-shot Semantic Segmentation 39

Deconfound Semantic Shift and Incompleteness in Incremental ...

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39th Annual AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI 2025

作者： Wu, Yirui Xia, Yuhang Li, Hao Yuan, Lixin Chen, Junyang Liu, Jun Lu, Tong Wan, Shaohua Key Laboratory of Water Big Data Technology of Ministry of Water Resources Hohai University Nanjing China College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen China School of Computing and Communication Lancaster University Lancaster United Kingdom National Key Lab for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University Nanjing China Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Shenzhen China

ISBN: (纸本)157735897X

Incremental few-shot semantic segmentation (IFSS) expands segmentation capacity of the trained model to segment new-class images with few samples. However, semantic meanings may shift from background to object class or vice versa during incremental learning. Moreover, new-class samples often lack representative attribute features when the new class greatly differs from the pre-learned old class. In this paper, we propose a causal framework to discuss the cause of semantic shift and incompleteness in IFSS, and we deconfound the revealed causal effects from two aspects. First, we propose a Causal Intervention Module (CIM) to resist semantic shift. CIM progressively and adaptively updates prototypes of old class, and removes the confounder in an intervention manner. Second, a Prototype Refinement Module (PRM) is proposed to complete the missing semantics. In PRM, knowledge gained from the episode learning scheme assists in fusing features of new-class and old-class prototypes. Experiments on both PASCAL-VOC 2012 and ADE20k benchmarks demonstrate the outstanding performance of our method. Copyright © 2025, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (***). All rights reserved.

关键词： Semantic Segmentation

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Automated Injury Detection and Alert Systems in Public Transportation Integrating IoT with Convolutional Neural Networks 2

Automated Injury Detection and Alert Systems in Public Trans...

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2nd International Conference on Self Sustainable Artificial Intelligence Systems, ICSSAS 2024

作者： Vimal, S.P. Peter, John Benito Jesudasan Kavitha, U. Bhuvaneswari, G. Manikandan, G. Thamizhamuthu, R. Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Tamil Nadu Coimbatore India Capital One Services Llc RichmondVA United States Vel Tech RangarajanDr.Sagunthala R&d Institute of Science and Technology School of Commerce Tamil Nadu Chennai India Saveetha Engineering College Department of Computer Science and Engineering Tamil Nadu Chennai India Rmk Engineering College Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Tamil Nadu Chennai India Srm Institute of Science and Technology Department of Computing Technologies Kattankulathur Campus-Chengalpattu Tamil Nadu Chennai India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368413

Innovative methods to improve public transportation safety and response mechanisms have emerged due to Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. IoT devices and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), a class of deep learning algorithms analyzing visual imagery, are used to create an innovative Automated Injury Detection and Alert System (AIDAS) for public transportation. The proposed AIDAS architecture employs IoT sensors and cameras in buses and trains to monitor and evaluate passengers' physical health in real time. These sensors can detect unexpected impacts, odd motions, and distressing noises. A strong CNN model trained to detect passenger injury or bodily damage receives live images from the onboard cameras. An automatic alarm process is activated immediately upon injury detection. The closest emergency response teams and transportation system operators get complete event reports, including time, position (by GPS coordinates), and injury type. A quick reaction to accidents with this real-time alarm system might save lives and reduce public transportation injuries. AIDAS' use of IoT and CNN technology is innovative in public transportation safety. The technology significantly improved emergency response times and reduced unattended injuries in public transport networks. The system's excellent damage detection accuracy is due to CNNs' advanced image processing and pattern recognition skills and IoT devices' sensory inputs. It also addresses privacy issues and the necessity for strong data encryption and proposes solutions. Finally, it analyzes how AIDAS affects public transportation safety and future research and development in this critical field. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Dual Graph Inference Network for Weakly Supervised Semantic Segmentation

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IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology 2025年

作者： Zhang, Jia Peng, Bo Wu, Xi Southwest Jiaotong University School of Computing and Artificial Intelligence Sichuan Chengdu611756 China Southwest Jiaotong University National Engineering Laboratory of Integrated Transportation Big Data Application Technology Chengdu611756 China Chengdu University of Information Technology School of Computer Science Sichuan Chengdu610225 China

Establishing global contextual relationships between objects is crucial for weakly supervised semantic segmentation (WSSS) tasks that lack pixel-level labels. Limited by the efficiency of convolutional operations in capturing long-range dependencies with a limited receptive field and to bridge the gap between image-level annotations and pixel-level labels, we propose a Dual Graph Reasoning Mapping (DGRM) module. When integrated into a convolutional network, it conducts contextual graph reasoning on both spatial and interaction spaces of visual features. The first component of this graph reasoning module involves incorporating commonsense knowledge extracted from an external knowledge base into visual features to promote global contextual reasoning for visual graphs. The second component focuses on reasoning in the projected interaction space, utilizing abstracted object class attributes from high-level visual features to establish dependencies among channels in a potential low-dimensional space. Moreover, to capture correspondences at different semantic levels, we model the feature maps in a pyramid-like structure for graph reasoning at various levels. Extensive experiments on popular datasets, such as PASCAL VOC 2012 and MS COCO 2014, demonstrate the superiority of our approach. Our code is provided at https://***/JIAZHANG666/DGRM. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Semantic Segmentation

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Combined Effect of Concept Drift and Class Imbalance on Model Performance During Stream Classification

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第4期75卷 1827-1845页

作者： Abdul Sattar Palli Jafreezal Jaafar Manzoor Ahmed Hashmani Heitor Murilo Gomes Aeshah Alsughayyir Abdul Rehman Gilal Department of Computer and Information Sciences Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS(UTP)Seri Iskandar32610Malaysia Centre for Research in Data Science UTPPerak32610Malaysia High Performance Cloud Computing Centre(HPC3) UTPPerak32610Malaysia School of Engineering and Computer Science Victoria University of WellingtonWellington6012New Zealand AI Institute University of Waikato WellingtonHamilton3240New Zealand Anti-Narcotics Force Ministry of Narcotics ControlIslamabad46000Pakistan College of Computer Science and Engineering Taibah UniversityMadinah42353Saudi Arabia

Every application in a smart city environment like the smart grid,health monitoring, security, and surveillance generates non-stationary datastreams. Due to such nature, the statistical properties of data changes overtime, leading to class imbalance and concept drift issues. Both these issuescause model performance degradation. Most of the current work has beenfocused on developing an ensemble strategy by training a new classifier on thelatest data to resolve the issue. These techniques suffer while training the newclassifier if the data is imbalanced. Also, the class imbalance ratio may changegreatly from one input stream to another, making the problem more *** existing solutions proposed for addressing the combined issue of classimbalance and concept drift are lacking in understating of correlation of oneproblem with the other. This work studies the association between conceptdrift and class imbalance ratio and then demonstrates how changes in classimbalance ratio along with concept drift affect the classifier’s *** analyzed the effect of both the issues on minority and majority classesindividually. To do this, we conducted experiments on benchmark datasetsusing state-of-the-art classifiers especially designed for data stream ***, recall, F1 score, and geometric mean were used to measure theperformance. Our findings show that when both class imbalance and conceptdrift problems occur together the performance can decrease up to 15%. Ourresults also show that the increase in the imbalance ratio can cause a 10% to15% decrease in the precision scores of both minority and majority *** study findings may help in designing intelligent and adaptive solutionsthat can cope with the challenges of non-stationary data streams like conceptdrift and class imbalance.

关键词： Classification data streams class imbalance concept drift class imbalance ratio

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dataSET PRUNING: REDUCING TRAINING data BY EXAMINING GENERALIZATION INFLUENCE

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Yang, Shuo Xie, Zeke Peng, Hanyu Xu, Min Sun, Mingming Li, Ping School of Electrical and Data Engineering University of Technology Sydney Australia Cognitive Computing Lab Baidu Research China

The great success of deep learning heavily relies on increasingly larger training data, which comes at a price of huge computational and infrastructural costs. This poses crucial questions that, do all training data contribute to model's performance? How much does each individual training sample or a sub-training-set affect the model's generalization, and how to construct the smallest subset from the entire training data as a proxy training set without significantly sacrificing the model's performance? To answer these, we propose dataset pruning, an optimization-based sample selection method that can (1) examine the influence of removing a particular set of training samples on model's generalization ability with theoretical guarantee, and (2) construct the smallest subset of training data that yields strictly constrained generalization gap. The empirically observed generalization gap of dataset pruning is substantially consistent with our theoretical expectations. Furthermore, the proposed method prunes 40% training examples on the CIFAR-10 dataset, halves the convergence time with only 1.3% test accuracy decrease, which is superior to previous score-based sample selection methods. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Deep learning

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Online Location Planning for AI-Defined Vehicles: Optimizing Joint Tasks of Order Serving and Spatio-Temporal Heterogeneous Model Fine-Tuning

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Zheng, Bokeng Rao, Bo Zhu, Tianxiang Tan, Chee Wei Duan, Jingpu Zhou, Zhi Chen, Xu Zhang, Xiaoxi School of Computer Science and Engineering Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou510006 China College of Computing and Data Science Nanyang Technological University Singapore Department of Communications Peng Cheng Laboratory Shenzhen518066 China

Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) including foundation models (FMs), are increasingly transforming human society, with smart city driving the evolution of urban living. Meanwhile, vehicle crowdsensing (VCS) has emerged as a key enabler, leveraging vehicles’ mobility and sensor-equipped capabilities. In particular, ride-hailing vehicles can effectively facilitate flexible data collection and contribute towards urban intelligence, despite resource limitations. Therefore, this work explores a promising scenario, where edge-assisted vehicles perform joint tasks of order serving and the emerging foundation model fine-tuning using various urban data. However, integrating the VCS AI task with the conventional order serving task is challenging, due to their inconsistent spatio-temporal characteristics: (i) The distributions of ride orders and data point-of-interests (PoIs) may not coincide in geography, both following a priori unknown patterns;(ii) they have distinct forms of temporal effects, i.e., prolonged waiting makes orders become instantly invalid while data with increased staleness gradually reduces its utility for model fine-tuning. To overcome these obstacles, we propose an online framework based on multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) with careful augmentation. A new quality-of-service (QoS) metric is designed to characterize and balance the utility of the two joint tasks, under the effects of varying data volumes and staleness. We also integrate graph neural networks (GNNs) with MARL to enhance state representations, capturing graph-structured, time-varying dependencies among vehicles and across locations. Extensive experiments on our testbed simulator, utilizing various real-world foundation model fine-tuning tasks and the New York City Taxi ride order dataset, demonstrate the advantage of our proposed method. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Graph neural networks

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Pre-training with asynchronous supervised learning for reinforcement learning based autonomous driving

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic engineering 2021年第5期22卷 673-686页

作者： Yunpeng WANG Kunxian ZHENG Daxin TIAN Xuting DUAN Jianshan ZHOU Beijing Advanced.Innovation Center for Big Data and Brain Computing School of Transportation Science and EngineeringBeihang UniversityBeijing 100191China

Rule-based autonomous driving systems may suffer from increased complexity with large-scale intercoupled rules,so many researchers are exploring learning-based *** learning(RL)has been applied in designing autonomous driving systems because of its outstanding performance on a wide variety of sequential control ***,poor initial performance is a major challenge to the practical implementation of an RL-based autonomous driving *** training requires extensive training data before the model achieves reasonable performance,making an RL-based model inapplicable in a real-world setting,particularly when data are *** propose an asynchronous supervised learning(ASL)method for the RL-based end-to-end autonomous driving model to address the problem of poor initial performance before training this RL-based model in real-world ***,prior knowledge is introduced in the ASL pre-training stage by asynchronously executing multiple supervised learning processes in parallel,on multiple driving demonstration data *** pre-training,the model is deployed on a real vehicle to be further trained by RL to adapt to the real environment and continuously break the performance *** presented pre-training method is evaluated on the race car simulator,TORCS(The Open Racing Car Simulator),to verify that it can be sufficiently reliable in improving the initial performance and convergence speed of an end-to-end autonomous driving model in the RL training *** addition,a real-vehicle verification system is built to verify the feasibility of the proposed pre-training method in a real-vehicle *** results show that using some demonstrations during a supervised pre-training stage allows significant improvements in initial performance and convergence speed in the RL training stage.

关键词： Self-driving Autonomous vehicles Reinforcement learning Supervised learning

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AUVs' Distributed Mission Planning System for Effective Underwater Chlorophyll Sampling

AUVs' Distributed Mission Planning System for Effective Unde...

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International Conference on Unmanned Vehicle Systems-Oman (UVS)

作者： Somaiyeh MahmoudZadeh Amirmehdi Yazdani Yashar Kalantari Bekir Ciftler College of Computing and IT UDST University Doha Qatar School of IT Deakin University Melbourne VIC Australia School of Engineering and Energy Murdoch University Perth WA Australia Department of Computer Science University-South Tehran Branch Tehran Iran Department of Data Science & AI College of Computing and IT UDST University Doha Qatar

This paper presents a distributed mission planning system that enables a team of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) for effective underwater chlorophyll sampling. The proposed system is developed based on a distributed algorithm that optimizes the real-time task allocation and mission planning of AUVs in a cooperative fashion while considering environmental and vehicular constraints to ensure efficient and coordinated sampling efforts. A realistic case study of a chlorophyll sampling mission in Australia's Great Barrier is utilized to investigate the performance of the proposed system in a restricted mission time and in the exposure to the uncertainty of the mission. Simulation studies confirm the effectiveness and resilience of the proposed system and showcase its potential as a valuable tool for advancing underwater chlorophyll sampling missions.

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Fed-GAN: Federated Generative Adversarial Network with Privacy-Preserving for Cross-Device Scenarios

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IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure computing 2025年

作者： Han, Song Ding, Hongxin Zhao, Shuai Ren, Siqi Zeng, Shengke Xue, Mengqi Wang, Ruili Hangzhou City University School of Computer and Computing Science Hangzhou China Zhejiang Gongshang University School of Computer Science and Technology China Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Big Data and Future E-Commerce Technology Hangzhou China Xihua University School of Computer and Software Engineering Chengdu China Massey University School of Mathematical and Computational Science Auckland New Zealand

Huge amounts of data from various sources are substantial to dependable distributed machine learning, especially for trustworthy federated learning (FL). However, existing FL methods are difficult to collect enough data for training the global model more accurately, especially in cross-device scenarios. In this paper, we propose a new federated generative adversarial network empowered by differential privacy and knowledge transfer named Fed-GAN, which can be used to address the problem of data shortage and prevent generator leakage from resource-constrained devices, as well as generate high-quality synthetic data while ensuring strict DP guarantees. Different from other generative model methods, our Fed-GAN framework can achieve efficient and secure generative model training and limited permission for resource-constrained devices to prevent them from leaking or misusing the generator. In addition, we propose a pHash-KT method for our Fed-GAN framework, which selects potentially high-quality data through the knowledge of each client for improving the utility of synthetic data. Our FedGAN framework satisfies (Formula presented)-DP, and also has high resistance when number of adversaries is 10%-70% of the total number of clients. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our Fed-GAN framework not only generates high-quality synthetic data, but also provides strict DP guarantees, compared with other generative model methods. © 2004-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Generative adversarial networks

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