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arXiv 2023年

作者： Liu, Junzhuo Chen, Qiaosong Zhang, Ye Wang, Zhixiang Deng, Xin Wang, Jin Key Laboratory of Data Engineering and Visual Computing Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications Chongqing400065 China GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction Maastricht University Medical Centre+ Maastricht Netherlands

Clinically, automated polyp segmentation techniques have the potential to significantly improve the efficiency and accuracy of medical diagnosis, thereby reducing the risk of colorectal cancer in patients. Unfortunately, existing methods suffer from two significant weaknesses that can impact the accuracy of segmentation. Firstly, features extracted by encoders are not adequately filtered and utilized. Secondly, semantic conflicts and information redundancy caused by feature fusion are not attended to. To overcome these limitations, we propose a novel approach for polyp segmentation, named MLFF-Net, which leverages multi-level feature fusion and attention mechanisms. Specifically, MLFF-Net comprises three modules: Multi-scale Attention Module (MAM), High-level Feature Enhancement Module (HFEM), and Global Attention Module (GAM). Among these, MAM is used to extract multi-scale information and polyp details from the shallow output of the encoder. In HFEM, the deep features of the encoders complement each other by aggregation. Meanwhile, the attention mechanism redistributes the weight of the aggregated features, weakening the conflicting redundant parts and highlighting the information useful to the task. GAM combines features from the encoder and decoder features, as well as computes global dependencies to prevent receptive field locality. Experimental results on five public datasets show that the proposed method not only can segment multiple types of polyps but also has advantages over current state-of-the-art methods in both accuracy and generalization ability. Code is available at https://***/ngfufdrdh/MLFFNet. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Diagnosis

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Investigation of Environmental Monitoring Based on Three IoT Wireless Sensors 2

Investigation of Environmental Monitoring Based on Three IoT...

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2nd International Conference on Augmented Intelligence and Sustainable Systems, ICAISS 2023

作者： Yamini, B. Arthy, M. Priya, S Geetha Kathiresan, S. Jeneetha Jebanazer, J. Uthayakumar, G.S. Srm Institute of Science and Technology Department of Networking and Communication Engineering Tamil Nadu Kattankulathur Chennai India Srm Institute of Science and Technology School of Computing Department of Data Science& Business Systems Tamil Nadu Kattankulathur Chennai India R. M. D Engineering College Department of Computer Science Engineering Tamil Nadu Chennai India Prince Shri Venkateshwara Padmavathy Engineering College Department of Mechanical Engineering Tamil Nadu Chennai India Panimalar Engineering College Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Tamil Nadu Chennai India St. Joseph's Institute of Technology Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Tamil Nadu Chennai India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350325799

Environmental monitoring has become more crucial as a result of the recent climatic changes, making it a hot issue and a very active study field. This field uses wireless sensor networks and remote sensing to collect data about the environment. Recent developments, including the Internet of Things (IoT) concept, the cloud computing paradigm, and cyber-physical systems, assist the administration and transmission of enormous volumes of data about changes in environmental parameters. The current work presents three different IoT-based wireless sensors for monitoring the environment and the surrounding area: one uses Wi-Fi User datagram Protocol (UDP)-based communication, one uses Wi-Fi and Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), and a third one uses Bluetooth Smart. The ability to capture data at distant places and see it from any device with an Internet connection is a feature shared by all of the systems that have been discussed. This makes it possible to monitor vast geographic regions. These systems' specific development details are discussed, along with their main distinctions and affinities. The three created systems were evaluated for their suitability for IoT-based solutions, taking into consideration their energy independence, usability, solution complexity, and Internet connectivity capability. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Bluetooth

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Enhancing Zero-Shot Image Recognition in Vision-Language Models through Human-like Concept Guidance

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Liu, Hui Wang, Wenya Chen, Kecheng Liu, Jie Liu, Yibing Qin, Tiexin He, Peisong Jiang, Xinghao Li, Haoliang Department of Electrical Engineering City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong College of Computing and Data Science Nanyang Technological University Singapore Department of Computer Science City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong School of cyber science and engineering Sichuan University Chengdu610065 China School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China

In zero-shot image recognition tasks, humans demonstrate remarkable flexibility in classifying unseen categories by composing known simpler concepts. However, existing vision-language models (VLMs), despite achieving significant progress through large-scale natural language supervision, often under-perform in real-world applications because of sub-optimal prompt engineering and the inability to adapt effectively to target classes. To address these issues, we propose a Concept-guided Human-like Bayesian Reasoning (CHBR) framework. Grounded in Bayes’ theorem, CHBR models the concept used in human image recognition as latent variables and formulates this task by summing across potential concepts, weighted by a prior distribution and a likelihood function. To tackle the intractable computation over an infinite concept space, we introduce an importance sampling algorithm that iteratively prompts large language models (LLMs) to generate discriminative concepts, emphasizing inter-class differences. We further propose three heuristic approaches involving Average Likelihood, Confidence Likelihood, and Test Time Augmentation (TTA) Likelihood, which dynamically refine the combination of concepts based on the test image. Extensive evaluations across fifteen datasets demonstrate that CHBR consistently outperforms existing state-of-the-art zero-shot generalization methods. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Importance sampling

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Cross-links matter for link prediction: rethinking the debiased GNN from a data perspective 23

Cross-links matter for link prediction: rethinking the debia...

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Proceedings of the 37th International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems

作者： Zihan Luo Hong Huang Jianxun Lian Xiran Song Xing Xie Hai Jin National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Service Computing Technology and Systems Laboratory Cluster and Grid Computing Lab School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China Microsoft Research Asia Beijing China

Recently, the bias-related issues in GNN-based link prediction have raised widely spread concerns. In this paper, we emphasize the bias on links across different node clusters, which we call cross-links, after considering its significance in both easing information cocoons and preserving graph connectivity. Instead of following the objective-oriented mechanism in prior works with compromised utility, we empirically find that existing GNN models face severe data bias between internal-links (links within the same cluster) and cross-links, and this inspires us to rethink the bias issue on cross-links from a data perspective. Specifically, we design a simple yet effective twin-structure framework, which can be easily applied to most GNNs to mitigate the bias as well as boost their utility in an end-to-end manner. The basic idea is to generate debiased node embeddings as demonstrations and fuse them into the embeddings of original GNNs. In particular, we learn debiased node embeddings with the help of augmented supervision signals, and a novel dynamic training strategy is designed to effectively fuse debiased node embeddings with the original node embeddings. Experiments on three datasets with six common GNNs show that our framework can not only alleviate the bias between internal-links and cross-links but also boost the overall accuracy. Comparisons with other state-of-the-art methods also verify the superiority of our method.

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KANsformer for Scalable Beamforming

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IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 2025年

作者： Xie, Xinke Lu, Yang Chi, Chong-Yung Chen, Wei Ai, Bo Niyato, Dusit Beijing Jiaotong University State Key Laboratory of Advanced Rail Autonomous Operation Beijing100044 China Beijing Jiaotong University School of Computer Science and Technology Beijing100044 China National Tsing Hua University Institute of Communications Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Beijing Jiaotong University School of Electronics and Information Engineering Beijing100044 China Nanyang Technological University College of Computing and Data Science 639798 Singapore

This paper proposes an unsupervised deep-learning (DL) approach by integrating Transformer and Kolmogorov-Arnold networks (KAN) termed KANsformer to realize scalable beamforming for mobile communication systems. Specifically, we consider a classic multi-input single-output energy efficiency maximization problem subject to the total power budget. The proposed KANsformer first extracts hidden features via a multi-head self-attention mechanism and then reads out the desired beamforming design via KAN. Numerical results are provided to evaluate the KANsformer in terms of generalization performance, transfer learning and ablation experiment. Overall, the KANsformer outperforms the existing benchmark DL approaches, and is adaptable to the variation in the number of mobile users with real-time and near-optimal inference. © 1967-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Budget control

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Fast Convergence PINNs Using Pseudo-Density Embedding: A study on Solid Mechanics

Fast Convergence PINNs Using Pseudo-Density Embedding: A stu...

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Artificial Intelligence (CAI), IEEE Conference on

作者： Melvin Wong Jiao Liu Ge Jin Kunpeng Li Doan Ngoc Chi Nam College of Computing & Data Science Nanyang Technological University (NTU) Singapore School of Aerospace Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences (SPMS) Nanyang Technological University (NTU) Singapore Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology (SIMTech) A*STAR Singapore

ISBN: (数字)9798350354096

ISBN: (纸本)9798350354102

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have shown the potential to incorporate physical laws into machine learning models. However, their widespread adoption is limited due to significant convergence issues, particularly on complex geometries. This paper presents a first study on training a model in the form of a pseudo-density embedding that encodes geometry information and subsequently extending from this baseline model in future PINN training process. Our study on complex geometry involving the science of solid mechanics demonstrates that such an embedding not only streamlines preprocessing tasks but also produces precise physical outcomes and notably accelerates convergence compared to conventional PINNs. Empirical findings indicate that our proposed method, pseudo-density embedding PINN (PD-PINN), achieves a significant 3% to 8% reduction in error rates within a defined computational budget on a linear elastic solid mechanics example, surpassing performance benchmarks set by traditional methodologies.

关键词： Geometry Training Error analysis Neural networks Machine learning Benchmark testing Solids

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CoMT: A Novel Benchmark for Chain of Multi-modal Thought on Large Vision-Language Models 39

CoMT: A Novel Benchmark for Chain of Multi-modal Thought on ...

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39th Annual AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI 2025

作者： Cheng, Zihui Chen, Qiguang Zhang, Jin Fei, Hao Feng, Xiaocheng Che, Wanxiang Li, Min Qin, Libo School of Computer Science and Engineering Central South University China Key Laboratory of Data Intelligence and Advanced Computing in Provincial Universities Soochow University China Research Center for SCIR Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China National University of Singapore Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)157735897X

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have recently demonstrated amazing success in multi-modal tasks, including advancements in Multi-modal Chain-of-Thought (MCoT) reasoning. Despite these successes, current benchmarks still follow a traditional paradigm with multi-modal input and text-modal output, which leads to significant drawbacks such as missing visual operations and vague expressions. Motivated by this, we introduce a novel Chain of Multi-modal Thought (CoMT) benchmark to address these limitations. Different from the traditional MCoT benchmark, CoMT requires both multi-modal input and multi-modal reasoning output, aiming to mimic human-like reasoning that inherently integrates visual operations. Specifically, CoMT consists of four categories: (1) Visual Creation, (2) Visual Deletion, (3) Visual Update, and (4) Visual Selection to comprehensively explore complex visual operations and concise expression in real scenarios. We evaluate various LVLMs and strategies on CoMT, revealing some key insights into the capabilities and limitations of the current approaches. We hope that CoMT can inspire more breakthroughs on introducing multi-modal generation into the reasoning process. Copyright © 2025, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (***). All rights reserved.

关键词： Modal analysis

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A Hybrid Neural Coding Approach for Pattern Recognition with Spiking Neural Networks

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Chen, Xinyi Yang, Qu Wu, Jibin Li, Haizhou Tan, Kay Chen Department of Computing The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data School of Data Science The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen [CUHK- Shenzhen China

Recently, brain-inspired spiking neural networks (SNNs) have demonstrated promising capabilities in solving pattern recognition tasks. However, these SNNs are grounded on homogeneous neurons that utilize a uniform neural coding for information representation. Given that each neural coding scheme possesses its own merits and drawbacks, these SNNs encounter challenges in achieving optimal performance such as accuracy, response time, efficiency, and robustness, all of which are crucial for practical applications. In this study, we argue that SNN architectures should be holistically designed to incorporate heterogeneous coding schemes. As an initial exploration in this direction, we propose a hybrid neural coding and learning framework, which encompasses a neural coding zoo with diverse neural coding schemes discovered in neuroscience. Additionally, it incorporates a flexible neural coding assignment strategy to accommodate task-specific requirements, along with novel layer-wise learning methods to effectively implement hybrid coding SNNs. We demonstrate the superiority of the proposed framework on image classification and sound localization tasks. Specifically, the proposed hybrid coding SNNs achieve comparable accuracy to state-of-the-art SNNs, while exhibiting significantly reduced inference latency and energy consumption, as well as high noise robustness. This study yields valuable insights into hybrid neural coding designs, paving the way for developing high-performance neuromorphic systems. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Pattern recognition

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FuzzyTrack: User Adaptive Cervical Spine Motion Prediction with Earable Inertial Sensing

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IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems 2024年

作者： Luo, Chengwen Li, Yaxue Chen, Gecheng Li, Xing Zhang, Jin Wei, Bo Li, Jianqiang Shenzhen University National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data System Computing Technology China Dongguan University of Technology School of Electrical Engineering & Intelligentization Guangdong Dongguan523808 China Northeastern University China State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries Liaoning Shenyang110819 China Newcastle University United Kingdom

The widespread use of electronic devices has contributed to an increase in poor posture, particularly when it comes to the cervical spine, leading to various cervical vertebral pain disorders. In this paper, we focus on accurately monitoring the motion status of the cervical spine using the accelerometers and gyroscope sensors embedded in earphones. Our aim is to gain a better understanding of cervical spine health. To address the individual differences among subjects, we introduce fuzzy rules to the Re-ISDA method, proposing a novel approach known as FuzRe-ISDA. Unlike traditional domain adaptation methods, the FuzRe-ISDA method offers flexibility in adjusting the contribution from different source domains. It takes into account the collective impact of multiple models on predicting new user behavior. Moreover, this method can quickly adapt to new users without requiring extensive datasets. Experimental results demonstrate that our FuzRe-ISDA approach outperforms popular domain adaptation methods in terms of accuracy when predicting cervical motion. This highlights the effectiveness of our approach in addressing individual differences and improving the reliability of cervical spine motion prediction. © 1993-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Fuzzy rules

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Vision-Based Multimodal Interfaces: A Survey and Taxonomy for Enhanced Context-Aware System Design 25

Vision-Based Multimodal Interfaces: A Survey and Taxonomy fo...

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2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in computing Systems, CHI 2025

作者： Hu, Yongquan Gowen' Tang, Jingyu Gong, Xinya Zhou, Zhongyi Zhang, Shuning Elvitigala, Don Samitha Mueller, Florian Gfloyd' Hu, Wen Quigley, Aaron J. School of Computer Science and Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney Australia School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China Department of Computer Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen China The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Tsinghua University Beijing China Exertion Games Lab Department of Human-Centred Computing Monash University Melbourne Australia CSIRO's Data61 Sydney Australia University of New South Wales Sydney Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9798400713941

The recent surge in artificial intelligence, particularly in multimodal processing technology, has advanced human-computer interaction, by altering how intelligent systems perceive, understand, and respond to contextual information (i.e., context awareness). Despite such advancements, there is a significant gap in comprehensive reviews examining these advances, especially from a multimodal data perspective, which is crucial for refining system design. This paper addresses a key aspect of this gap by conducting a systematic survey of data modality-driven Vision-based Multimodal Interfaces (VMIs). VMIs are essential for integrating multimodal data, enabling more precise interpretation of user intentions and complex interactions across physical and digital environments. Unlike previous task- or scenario-driven surveys, this study highlights the critical role of the visual modality in processing contextual information and facilitating multimodal interaction. Adopting a design framework moving from the whole to the details and back, it classifies VMIs across dimensions, providing insights for developing effective, context-aware systems. © 2025 Copyright held by the owner/author(s). Publication rights licensed to ACM.

关键词： Human computer interaction

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