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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： Xiaoqing Li Pufan Cai Yu Lu Shijie Shi Liangkun Ma Xianghua Fu College of Big Data and Internet Shenzhen Technology University Shenzhen China National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data System Computing Technology Shenzhen University Shenzhen China Department of Surgery Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore School of Applied Technology Shenzhen University Shenzhen China Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Peking Union Medical College Hospital Beijing China

ISBN: (数字)9798350368741

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368758

The analysis of Cardiotocography (CTG) signals is often hindered by challenges such as limited data availability and label imbalance, which can undermine the performance of deep learning models. To address these issues, we present CTGDiff, a novel conditional diffusion model designed for generating synthetic Fetal Heart Rate (FHR) and Uterine Contraction (UC) signals. CTGDiff leverages both Phase-Rectified Signal Averaging (PRSA) spectrograms and UC as conditioning inputs for FHR, and integrates time encoding, condition generation from PRSA features, and residual blocks with dilated convolutions to capture both temporal dynamics and long-range dependencies. Extensive experiments, both qualitative and quantitative, demonstrate the model’s ability to synthesize high-quality CTG signals. In comparison with GANs and image-based diffusion models, CTGDiff achieves superior signal fidelity and distribution similarity for FHR, as indicated by metrics such as a 0.004 maximum mean deviation (MMD), 0.646 percent root mean square difference (PRD), 3.951 relative entropy (RE), and 0.291 Frechet distance (FD). Expert evaluations confirm that the model can generate both normal and abnormal CTG signals with high accuracy, conditioned on specific input data. These results underscore the potential of diffusion models for a wide range of applications in biomedical time series analysis, including signal synthesis, imputation, and noise reduction.

关键词： Measurement Fetal heart rate Biological system modeling Time series analysis Diffusion models data models Signal synthesis Cardiography Speech processing Spectrogram

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No Free Lunch Theorem for Privacy-Preserving LLM Inference

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Zhang, Xiaojin Fei, Yulin Kang, Yan Chen, Wei Fan, Lixin Jin, Hai Yang, Qiang Huazhong University of Science and Technology China WeBank China Hong Kong University of Science and Technology China National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System Lab Cluster and Grid Computing Lab School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China

Individuals and businesses have been significantly benefited by Large Language Models (LLMs) including PaLM, Gemini and ChatGPT in various ways. For example, LLMs enhance productivity, reduce costs, and enable us to focus on more valuable tasks. Furthermore, LLMs possess the capacity to sift through extensive datasets, uncover underlying patterns, and furnish critical insights that propel the frontiers of technology and science. However, LLMs also pose privacy concerns. Users’ interactions with LLMs may expose their sensitive personal or company information. A lack of robust privacy safeguards and legal frameworks could permit the unwarranted intrusion or improper handling of individual data, thereby risking infringements of privacy and the theft of personal identities. To ensure privacy, it is essential to minimize the dependency between shared prompts and private information. Various randomization approaches have been proposed to protect prompts’ privacy, but they may incur utility loss compared to unprotected LLMs prompting. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate the balance between the risk of privacy leakage and loss of utility when conducting effective protection mechanisms. The current study develops a framework for inferring privacy-protected Large Language Models (LLMs) and lays down a solid theoretical basis for examining the interplay between privacy preservation and utility. The core insight is encapsulated within a theorem that is called as the NFL (abbreviation of the word No-Free-Lunch) Theorem. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Computational linguistics

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Lightweight Authenticated Task Offloading in 6G-Cloud Vehicular Twin Networks

Lightweight Authenticated Task Offloading in 6G-Cloud Vehicu...

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2025 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, WCNC 2025

作者： Al-Shareeda, Sarah Ozguner, Fusun Redmill, Keith Duong, Trung Q. Canberk, Berk The Ohio State University Electrical and Computer Engineering Department United States Bts Group Turkey Istanbul Technical University Department of Ai and Data Engineering Turkey School of Electronics Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Queen's University Belfast United Kingdom Memorial University of Newfoundland Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science St. John'sNL Canada School of Computing Engineering and The Built Environment Edinburgh Napier University United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368369

Task offloading management in 6G vehicular net-works is crucial for maintaining network efficiency, particularly as vehicles generate substantial data. Integrating secure communication through authentication introduces additional computational and communication overhead, significantly impacting offloading efficiency and latency. This paper presents a unified framework incorporating lightweight Identity-Based Cryptographic (IBC) authentication into task offloading within cloud-based 6G Vehicular Twin Networks (VTNs). Utilizing Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) in Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL), our approach optimizes authenticated offloading decisions to minimize latency and enhance resource allocation. Performance evaluation under varying network sizes, task sizes, and data rates reveals that IBC authentication can reduce offloading efficiency by up to 50% due to the added overhead. Besides, increasing network size and task size can further reduce offloading efficiency by up to 91.7%. As a countermeasure, increasing the transmission data rate can improve the offloading performance by as much as 63%, even in the presence of authentication overhead. The code for the simulations and experiments detailed in this paper is available on GitHub for further reference and reproducibility [1]. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Authentication Deep Reinforcement Learning Identity-Based Cryptography Proximal Policy Optimization Task Offloading Vehicular Twin Networks

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WiNet: Wavelet-based Incremental Learning for Efficient Medical Image Registration

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Cheng, Xinxing Jia, Xi Lu, Wenqi Li, Qiufu Shen, Linlin Krull, Alexander Duan, Jinming School of Computer Science University of Birmingham BirminghamB15 2TT United Kingdom Department of Computing and Mathematics Manchester Metropolitan University ManchesterM15 6BH United Kingdom National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data System Computing Technology Shenzhen University 518060 China

Deep image registration has demonstrated exceptional accuracy and fast inference. Recent advances have adopted either multiple cascades or pyramid architectures to estimate dense deformation fields in a coarse-to-fine manner. However, due to the cascaded nature and repeated composition/warping operations on feature maps, these methods negatively increase memory usage during training and testing. Moreover, such approaches lack explicit constraints on the learning process of small deformations at different scales, thus lacking explainability. In this study, we introduce a model-driven WiNet that incrementally estimates scale-wise wavelet coefficients for the displacement/velocity field across various scales, utilizing the wavelet coefficients derived from the original input image pair. By exploiting the properties of the wavelet transform, these estimated coefficients facilitate the seamless reconstruction of a full-resolution displacement/velocity field via our devised inverse discrete wavelet transform (IDWT) layer. This approach avoids the complexities of cascading networks or composition operations, making our WiNet an explainable and efficient competitor with other coarse-to-fine methods. Extensive experimental results from two 3D datasets show that our WiNet is accurate and GPU efficient. Code is available at https://***/x-xc/WiNet. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Image registration

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Multi-Order Loss Functions For Accelerating Unsteady Flow Simulations with Physics-Based AI

Multi-Order Loss Functions For Accelerating Unsteady Flow Si...

引用

Artificial Intelligence (CAI), IEEE Conference on

作者： Wei Xian Lim Naheed Anjum Arafat Wai Lee Chan Wai-Kin Adams Kong Rolls-Royce@NTU Corporate Lab Nanyang Technological University (NTUsg) Singapore School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (MAE) Nanyang Technological University (NTUsg) Singapore College of Computing and Data Science (CCDS) Nanyang Technological University (NTUsg) Singapore

ISBN: (数字)9798350354096

ISBN: (纸本)9798350354102

Studies show that artificial intelligence (AI) with embedded physics solvers has improved the accuracy of predictions on various physics problems, especially those associated with fluid dynamics. The crucial element in optimizing weight training for estimating flow fields within the AI network lies in the choice of the loss function. In addressing regression-type problems, particularly those involving the temporal evolution of flow fields, the mean square error (MSE) loss function is commonly employed at the current and single time step. However, an issue arises in existing methodologies that utilize MSE-based loss functions with single-time step information for predicting unsteady flow. Most of these approaches overlook the significance of incorporating the temporal history of the flow, a factor that cannot be disregarded in the context of numerical solvers. Hence, in this work, a physics-based AI (PbAI) method with higher-order loss functions is applied to unsteady scenarios, in particular to two distinct turbulent flows where a multitude of fine structures is present, namely, forced and decaying turbulence. Direct numerical simulations on uniform Cartesian grids are conducted to simulate these scenarios, generating two distinct datasets for training and inference. Each dataset comprises 32 randomly initialized conditions spanning 4, 848 time steps for each turbulent flow type. Five distinct models are devised, incorporating features such as rollouts from coarse numerical solvers and temporal considerations in the loss function calculation. The constructed PbAI models demonstrate consistent improvements in predictive performance over the entire temporal domain. These findings are further corroborated through vorticity correlation analyses. The empirical result demonstrates that the accuracy of the baseline case improves by up to 48% and 30% for forced and decaying turbulence, respectively. These results significantly underscore the importance of the temporal histo

关键词： Training Accuracy Computational modeling Neural networks Predictive models Network architecture Numerical models

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A Deep Learning Approach for Hardware Trojan Detection Based on Ensemble Learning 23

A Deep Learning Approach for Hardware Trojan Detection Based...

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Proceedings of the 2023 13th International Conference on Communication and Network Security

作者： Yinan Yao Chen Dong Zhengye Xie Yuqing Li Xiaodong Guo Yang Yang Xiaoding Wang College of Computer and Data Science Fuzhou University China Maynooth International Engineering College Fuzhou University China School of Computing and Information Systems Singapore Management University Singapore College of Computer and Cyber Security Fujian Normal University China

ISBN: (纸本)9798400707964

In recent years, the application of integrated circuits in various fields has become more and more extensive. The attackers utilize the hidden dangers of the industrial chain to design and launch hardware Trojan attacks and their attack patterns and attack surfaces are also evolving, which has become an emerging security threat in the production of modern integrated circuits. Traditional detection methods have made it difficult to deal with hardware Trojans in a timely and effective manner, so new detection methods are imminent. In this paper, a deep learning-based hardware Trojan detection method to improve the accuracy of hardware Trojan detection to some extent is proposed. The paper designs a convolutional neural network (TextCNN), a bidirectional long and short-term memory network (Bi-LSTM), and the integrated learning of these two single models (TextCNN+Bi-LSTM) as the hardware Trojan detection scheme. The experimental results show that the hardware Trojan detection method based on deep learning proposed in this paper has advantages in terms of detection accuracy and robustness.

关键词： chip security ensemble learning hardware Trojan

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SCESP: An Edge Server Placement Method Based on Spectral Clustering in Mobile Edge computing 8th

SCESP: An Edge Server Placement Method Based on Spectral Cl...

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8th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Security , ICAIS 2022

作者： Wang, Lijuan Guo, Yingya Yao, Jiangyuan Zhou, Siyu College of Computer and Data Science Fuzhou University Fuzhou350000 China Fujian Key Laboratory of Network Computing and Intelligent Information Processing Fuzhou University Fuzhou350000 China Key Laboratory of Spatial Data Mining and Information Sharing Ministry of Education Fuzhou350003 China School of Computer Science and Cyberspace Security Hainan University Haikou570228 China Tandon School of Engineering New York University New York10012 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9783031067600

With the rapid development of Internet of Things (IoT) and 5G, mobile edge computing is gaining popularity for its low computation latency, bandwidth costs and energy consumption. In mobile edge computing, the placement of edge servers is one of the most significant problems and attracts worldwide attention. However, two major problems of edge server placement: high access delay and unbalanced workload of edge servers, have not been completely solved yet. To better solve these two problems, this paper proposes a new Spectral-Clustering-based Edge Server Placement (SCESP) algorithm, which can effectively reduce the access delay and make the workload of each edge server more balanced. In the evaluation, we use the Shanghai Telecom’s base station dataset to test the performance of SCESP and extensive experiments demonstrate the superior performance of SCESP in reducing the access delay and balancing the edge server workload. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Mobile edge computing

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Real-time Student Classroom Feedback with the RFMNet Framework in a Smart Classroom

Real-time Student Classroom Feedback with the RFMNet Framewo...

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IEEE International Symposium on Information (IT) in Medicine and Education, ITME

作者： Xianpiao Tang Pengyun Hu Dewei Yu Daoxun Xia School of Big Data and Computer Science Guizhou Normal University Guiyang China Guizhou Key Laboratory of Information and Computing Science Guizhou Normal University Guiyang China Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Big Data in Education Guizhou Normal University Guiyang China

Facial expression recognition is the ability to interpret human feelings from facial features. Teachers can use it to visualize the state of emotion and estimate students' learning effects to take corresponding intervention strategies to improve teaching. The current technology has shortcomings such as network performance degradation and feature information loss, which cannot meet the needs of sentiment analysis of student feedback. Therefore, RFMNet, a novel network model based on deep learning theory, is proposed in this paper. Featuring higher extraction ability, it is conducive to accurately analysing students' expressions. First of all, this model introduces a relation-aware global attention (RGA) module to better integrate the more discriminative expression features in the image and achieve more refined sentiment analysis. Second, the Mish activation function and the focal loss function are employed. The Mish activation function is introduced to avoid disappearing feature information due to neuron deactivation when the ReLU gradient is 0. The model achieves an average recognition accuracy of 89.62%, as confirmed through a sequence of trials conducted on the public dataset FERPlus. The model helps achieve intelligent processing of teaching information and obtaining real-time feedback by detecting, extracting, and analysing the students' facial expressions.

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Learning Self-Supervised Vision Transformers from Scratch for Aerial Person Re- Identification

Learning Self-Supervised Vision Transformers from Scratch fo...

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IEEE International Symposium on Information (IT) in Medicine and Education, ITME

作者： Houfu Peng Lili Xu Xing Lu Daoxun Xia School of Big Data and Computer Science Guizhou Normal University Guiyang China Guizhou Key Laboratory of Information and Computing Science Guizhou Normal University Guiyang China Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Big Data in Education Guizhou Normal University Guiyang China

In recent years, person re-identification (Re-ID) as a widely studied computer vision task, has reached a saturation state under closed-world setting, which encourages researchers to further explore more realistic scenarios. Among them, person Re- Idin aerial imagery is proposed and improved due to its unique practical importance in public security. However, since the aerial person images are taken by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV s), influenced by camera height and angle of view, there are more serious problems such as weak appearance feature and occlusion than ground person images. Most of the current state-of-the-art person Re-ID methods on closed-world datasets are based on local convolution neural network, and hardly works well when applying them to aerial person Re- Idtasks directly. In this paper, we improve the emerging vision transformer (ViT) and apply it to the person Re- Idin aerial imagery. It should be noted that a large amount of data is required to be pretrained for ViTs to achieve competitive performance. Considering the limitations of data, computing power and flexibility in practical scenarios, we improve the pre-training process based on self-supervised learning, and achieve training ViTs from scratch with limited data. Specifically, in pre-training stage, the self-supervised paradigm based on parameter instance discrimination is applied to capture feature alignment and instance similarity, which alleviates the data-hungry of ViTs caused by the lack of inductive bias. Extensive comparative evaluation experiments are conducted on the aerial Re- Iddataset. Our method achieves a Rank-1 accuracy of 65.29% and a mean average precision (mAP) of 57.31%, which proves its effectiveness in aerial person Re-ID tasks.

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Image Based Feature Separation Using RBM Tech with ADBN Tech for Accurate Fruit Classification 5

Image Based Feature Separation Using RBM Tech with ADBN Tech...

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5th IEEE International Conference on computing, Power, and Communication Technologies, IC2PCT 2024

作者： Revathi, V. Kavin, Balasubramanian Prabhu Thirumalraj, Arunadevi Gangadevi, E. Balusamy, Balamurugan Gite, Shilpa New Horizon College of Engineering Department of Applied Sciences - Physics Ring Road Bellandur Post Bengaluru India School of Computing Srm Institute of Science and Technology Department of Data Science and Business Systems Chengalpattu Tamil Nadu Kattankulathur603 203 India K.Ramakrishnan College of Technology Department of Computer Science Engineering Tamil Nadu Trichy India Loyola College Department of Computer Science Chennai600034 India Delhi India Symbiosis Institute of Technology Pune Aiml Department Pune412115 India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350383522

One of the fastest-growing subfields of computer vision and picture categorization is fruit identification. The fruit industry could start using a standardised categorization system so that shoppers can easily distinguish between different types and quality levels of fruit. From a health perspective, fruit quality is essential. The task of classifying fruits is crucial in many commercial contexts. A supermarket cashier may use a fruit categorization system to better recognise the varieties of fruit and their associated costs. It might also be used to determine whether or not a given kind of fruit is suitable for a person's diet. The rising use of intelligent imaging equipment may be directly attributed to the proliferation and development of AI software. Deep learning methods, such as CNN, are now being used by researchers for picture categorization. CNN's superior performance may be achieved without using any manually-crafted characteristics, in contrast to the older methods. For automated categorization, it employs a plethora of filters that strip relevant visual information. Classifying fruits accurately is a challenge in the horticulture sector and calls for the knowledge of an expert. For accurately and quantitatively analysing fruits, the currently mentioned categorization techniques fall short. Therefore, it is beneficial to review the latest suggestions for categorizing fruits. To solve this problem, we need a computerised system that can automatically sort fruits into their respective categories. Deep learning models, such as the Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM) and the Adam based Deep Belief Network (DBN), are used in this assignment to categorise fruits according to the attributes that have been determined to be optimum and generated. The proposed approach has been shown to have effective accuracy and quantitative analysis outcomes, and this is just the beginning of this realisation. In addition, the suggested scheme's relatively strong computational mo

关键词： Deep Belief Network Fruits Classification Fruits Grading Handcrafted features Restricted Boltzmann Machine

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