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Fermi LAT observations of cosmic-ray electrons from 7 GeV to 1 TeV

Physical Review D 2010年第9期82卷 092004-092004页

作者： M. Ackermann M. Ajello W. B. Atwood L. Baldini J. Ballet G. Barbiellini D. Bastieri B. M. Baughman K. Bechtol F. Bellardi R. Bellazzini F. Belli B. Berenji R. D. Blandford E. D. Bloom J. R. Bogart E. Bonamente A. W. Borgland T. J. Brandt J. Bregeon A. Brez M. Brigida P. Bruel R. Buehler T. H. Burnett G. Busetto S. Buson G. A. Caliandro R. A. Cameron P. A. Caraveo P. Carlson S. Carrigan J. M. Casandjian M. Ceccanti C. Cecchi Ö. Çelik E. Charles A. Chekhtman C. C. Cheung J. Chiang A. N. Cillis S. Ciprini R. Claus J. Cohen-Tanugi J. Conrad R. Corbet M. DeKlotz C. D. Dermer A. de Angelis F. de Palma S. W. Digel G. Di Bernardo E. do Couto e Silva P. S. Drell A. Drlica-Wagner R. Dubois D. Fabiani C. Favuzzi S. J. Fegan P. Fortin Y. Fukazawa S. Funk P. Fusco D. Gaggero F. Gargano D. Gasparrini N. Gehrels S. Germani N. Giglietto P. Giommi F. Giordano M. Giroletti T. Glanzman G. Godfrey D. Grasso I. A. Grenier M.-H. Grondin J. E. Grove S. Guiriec M. Gustafsson D. Hadasch A. K. Harding M. Hayashida E. Hays D. Horan R. E. Hughes G. Jóhannesson A. S. Johnson R. P. Johnson W. N. Johnson T. Kamae H. Katagiri J. Kataoka M. Kerr J. Knödlseder M. Kuss J. Lande L. Latronico M. Lemoine-Goumard M. Llena Garde F. Longo F. Loparco B. Lott M. N. Lovellette P. Lubrano A. Makeev M. N. Mazziotta J. E. McEnery J. Mehault P. F. Michelson M. Minuti W. Mitthumsiri T. Mizuno A. A. Moiseev C. Monte M. E. Monzani E. Moretti A. Morselli I. V. Moskalenko S. Murgia T. Nakamori M. Naumann-Godo P. L. Nolan J. P. Norris E. Nuss T. Ohsugi A. Okumura N. Omodei E. Orlando J. F. Ormes M. Ozaki D. Paneque J. H. Panetta D. Parent V. Pelassa M. Pepe M. Pesce-Rollins V. Petrosian M. Pinchera F. Piron T. A. Porter S. Profumo S. Rainò R. Rando E. Rapposelli M. Razzano A. Reimer O. Reimer T. Reposeur J. Ripken S. Ritz L. S. Rochester R. W. Romani M. Roth H. F.-W. Sadrozinski N. Saggini D. Sanchez A. Sander C. Sgrò E. J. Siskind P. D. Smith G. Spandre P. Spinelli Ł. Stawarz T. E. Stephens M. S. Strickman A. W. Strong D. J. Suson H. Tajima H. Takahashi T. Takahash W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Stanford University Stanford California 94305 USA Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of California at Santa Cruz Santa Cruz California 95064 USA Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pisa I-56127 Pisa Italy Laboratoire AIM CEA-IRFU/CNRS/Université Paris Diderot Service d’Astrophysique CEA Saclay 91191 Gif sur Yvette France Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Trieste I-34127 Trieste Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Trieste I-34127 Trieste Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova I-35131 Padova Italy Dipartimento di Fisica “G. Galilei” Università di Padova I-35131 Padova Italy Department of Physics Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio 43210 USA Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Roma “Tor Vergata” I-00133 Roma Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Roma “Tor Vergata” I-00133 Roma Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Perugia I-06123 Perugia Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Università degli Studi di Perugia I-06123 Perugia Italy Centre d’Étude Spatiale des Rayonnements CNRS/UPS BP 44346 F-30128 Toulouse Cedex 4 France Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari I-70126 Bari Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bari 70126 Bari Italy Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet École Polytechnique CNRS/IN2P3 Palaiseau France Department of Physics University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195-1560 USA Institut de Ciencies de l’Espai (IEEC-CSIC) Campus UAB 08193 Barcelona Spain INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica I-20133 Milano Italy Department of Physics Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) AlbaNova SE-106 91 Sto

We present the results of our analysis of cosmic-ray electrons using about 8×106 electron candidates detected in the first 12 months on-orbit by the Fermi Large Area Telescope. This work extends our previously published cosmic-ray electron spectrum down to 7 GeV, giving a spectral range of approximately 2.5 decades up to 1 TeV. We describe in detail the analysis and its validation using beam-test and on-orbit data. In addition, we describe the spectrum measured via a subset of events selected for the best energy resolution as a cross-check on the measurement using the full event sample. Our electron spectrum can be described with a power law ∝E−3.08±0.05 with no prominent spectral features within systematic uncertainties. Within the limits of our uncertainties, we can accommodate a slight spectral hardening at around 100 GeV and a slight softening above 500 GeV.

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Understanding the Relationship of VPN and SSL

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EDPACS 2006年第6期28卷 1-2页

作者： Michael Hines The Coordinator of Data Systems and Programming for the Schools of Engineering at Purdue University in West Lafayette Indiana. He has 35 years of combined IS audit and computing experience. Hines holds a B.S. in engineering and an MS in computer science and has completed additional coursework in management science in the Krannert Graduate School. He is active in the Central Indiana Chapter of ISACA and the Association of

T he VPN and SSL were both designed to negotiate telecom-munication security. The VPN is the Virtual Private Network; the SSL is the Secure Socket Layer or, more properly, Transport Layer Security.

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In-field evaluation of a managed IP/MPLS over WDM provisioning solution

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IEEE COMMUNICATIONS MAGAZINE 2005年第11期43卷 S26-S33页

作者： Karayannis, F Serrat-Fernández, J Baliosian, J Rubio-Loyola, J Vaxevanakis, KG Pagomenos, G Zahariadis, TB Raptis, L Ellinas, M Chatzilias, G Chronis, DL Katopodis, HA Doukoglou, T Androulidakis, S Galis, OA Vardalachos, N Tsanakas, P Kalogeras, D Infrastructure Planning and Development Manager Greek Research and Technology Network (GRNET). Consultant CERN IT division in the area of grid computing policies. Associate Professor UPC. Senior Member of Technical Staff Ellemedia Technologies. Telecommunication Engineer Ellemedia Technologies. Technical Director of Ellemedia Technologies. Research Associate Telecommunications Laboratory of NTUA. Lecturer Informatics Department University of Piraeus. Head of the National NMC Operations Coordination Section of OTE SA. Head of the Broadband Access and Optical Core Technologies Laboratory of OTE''s R&D Department. Visiting Professor University College London. University College London. Professor School of Electrical and Computer Engineering of NTUA. Director of the Institute for Research Networking and Technologie. Chairman of GRNET. Design and Development NTUA. Design and Development GRNET Data Networks. Member of the Technical and Scientific Committee of the Greek School Network. Member of TEE

This article demonstrates results and experiences gained in the area of multilayer internetworking, with emphasis on bandwidth on-demand provisioning as well as resource and restoration management. Behavioral characteristics and numerical results were obtained from a management system prototype implemented and tested in an appropriately adapted commercial WDM environment enhanced with multivendor gigabit IP routers. The management solution, the testbed environment, and a representative evaluation scenario are presented as a means of explaining in detail the results that finally allow a global system assessment.

关键词： Computer networks Digital communications Internet protocols Computer programming Routers (Computer networks) Computer network resources

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Object-oriented scale-adaptive filtering for human detection from stereo images

Object-oriented scale-adaptive filtering for human detection...

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IEEE Conference on Cybernetics and Intelligent Systems

作者： Liyuan Li Shuzhi Sam Ge T. Sim Ying Ting Koh Xiaoyu Hunag Institute for Infocomm Research ASTAR Data Storage Institute Singapore Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore School of Computing National University of Singapore Singapore

In this paper, an effective and efficient methodology to extract visual evidence of suitable scale for object detection, object-orient scale-adaptive filtering (OOSAF), is proposed. With OOSAF, object extraction from stereo images is formulated as the design of scale-adaptive filters. Based on OOSAF, two methods for human detection from stereo images are developed. One is to detect human objects with close distances to the camera for intelligent human-machine interaction, and the other is to detect human heads in distant crowds for security surveillance. Experiments show that, with OOSAF, efficient solutions for human detection from stereo images could be achieved with high detection rates and low false alarm rates.

关键词： Humans Object detection Stereo vision Information filtering Information filters data mining Smart cameras Man machine systems Head Surveillance

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Extraction of newspaper headlines from microfilm for automatic indexing

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International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition 2003年第3期6卷 201-210页

作者： Tan, Chew Lim Liu, Qing Hong School of Computing National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 2 Singapore 117543 Singapore Data Storage Institute DSI Building Engineering Drive 1 Singapore 117608 Singapore

This paper proposes a document image analysis system that extracts newspaper headlines from microfilm images with a view to providing automatic indexing for news articles in microfilm. A major challenge in achieving this is the poor image quality of microfilm as most images are usually inadequately illuminated and considerably dirty. To overcome the problem we propose a new effective method for separating characters from noisy background since conventional threshold selection techniques are inadequate to deal with this kind of image. A run length smoothing algorithm is then applied to the headline extraction. Experimental results confirm the validity of the approach. © Springer-Verlag 2004.

关键词： Microfilm

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Preface

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Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) 2001年 2037卷 V-VI页

作者： Boers, Egbert J. W. Cagnoni, Stefano Gottlieb, Jens Hart, Emma Lanzi, Pier Luca Raidl, Günther R. Smith, Robert E. Tijink, Harald Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science Leiden University Niels Bohrweg 1 Leiden Netherlands Dept. of Computer Engineering University of Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 181/a Parma Italy SAP AG Neurottstrasse 16 Walldorf Germany Napier University School of Computing 219 Colinton Road Edinburgh United Kingdom Polytechnic of Milan Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32 Milan Italy Algorithms and Data Structur es Group Institute of Computer Graphics Vienna University of Technology Favoritenstrasse 9-11/186 Vienna Austria The Intelligent Computer Systems Centre The University of The West of England Coldharbour Lane Frenchay Bristol United Kingdom Data and Knowledge Systems Department National Aerospace Laboratory NLR P.O. Box 153 Emmeloord Netherlands

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Preface

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Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) 2000年 1803卷 6-6页

作者： Cagnoni, Stefano Poli, Riccardo Li, Yun Smith, George Corne, David Oates, Martin Hart, Emma Lanzi, Pier Luca Boers, Egbert J. W. Paechter, Ben Fogarty, Terence C. University of Parma Department of Computer Engineering Parco delle Scienze 181/a Parma Italy The University of Birmingham School of Computer Science Edgbaston Birmingham United Kingdom University of Glasgow Electronics and Electrical Engineering Rankine Building Glasgow United Kingdom University of East Anglia Department of Information Systems Norwich United Kingdom University of Reading P.O. Box 225 Whiteknights Reading United Kingdom BT Labs at Adastral Park Dept. Complex Systems Laboratory Martlesham Heath Suffolk United Kingdom University of Edinburgh Division of Informatics 80 South Bridge Edinburgh United Kingdom Milan Polytechnic Department of Electronics and Informatics Piazza Leonard0 da Vinci 32 Milan Italy National Aerospace Laboratory NLR Data and Knowledge Systems Dept I.C.T. Division Anthony Fokkerweg 2 Amsterdam Netherlands Napier University School of Computing 219 Colinton Road Edinburgh United Kingdom South Bank University School of Computing Information Systems and Mathematics 103 Borough Road London United Kingdom

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A migration scheme for the genetic adaptive routing algorithm

A migration scheme for the genetic adaptive routing algorith...

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IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics

作者： M. Munetomo Y. Takai Y. Sato Division of Research and Depelopement Computing Center Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan Information and Data Analysis Graduate School of Engineering Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan

This paper presents a string migration scheme for an adaptive network routing algorithm called a genetic routing algorithm which employs genetic operators to create alternative routes in a routing table. String migrations are employed usually in islands model of parallel or distributed genetic algorithms, which exchange strings among subpopulations to accelerate their convergence. We propose a tailored version of string migration for the genetic routing algorithm in order to realize effective information exchanges among nodes to have optimal route with less communication overhead in the network.

关键词： Delay Routing protocols Broadcasting Internet data analysis data engineering Adaptive systems Genetic algorithms Convergence IP networks

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Advances in computing and data Sciences 1

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丛书名： Communications in Computer and Information Science

1000年

作者： Mayank Singh Vipin Tyagi P. K. Gupta Jan Flusser Tuncer Ören Amar Ramdane Cherif Ravi Tomar

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Advances in Computer Vision and Computational Biology 1

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丛书名： Transactions on Computational Science and Computational Intelligence

1000年

作者： Hamid R. Arabnia Leonidas Deligiannidis Hayaru Shouno Fernando G. Tinetti Quoc-Nam Tran

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