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Streamlining plant disease diagnosis with convolutional neural networks and edge devices

Neural computing and Applications 2024年第29期36卷 18445-18477页

作者： Ahamed, Md. Faysal Salam, Abdus Nahiduzzaman, Md. Abdullah-Al-Wadud, M. Islam, S. M. Riazul Department of Computer Science and Engineering Rajshahi University of Engineering & ampTechnology Rajshahi6204 Bangladesh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rajshahi University of Engineering & ampTechnology Rajshahi6204 Bangladesh Department of Electrical Engineering Qatar University Doha Qatar Department of Software Engineering College of Computer and Information Sciences King Saud University Riyadh11543 Saudi Arabia School of Natural and Computing Sciences University of Aberdeen AberdeenAB24 3FX United Kingdom

In addressing labor-intensive process of manual plant disease detection, this article introduces an innovative solution—the lightweight parallel depthwise separable convolutional neural network (PDSCNN) coupled with a hybrid ridge regression extreme learning machine classifier. This combined approach automates plant disease classification, significantly expediting the learning process and reducing computational complexity. The PDSCNN model excels in feature capture, boasting a mere 9 layers and 0.053 million parameters, resulting in exceptional computational efficiency. On top of that, the classification performances of traditional ELM increased by introducing a hybrid ridge ELM model. Its accelerated operations, reduced memory usage, and optimized parallel processing render it lightweight and ideal for edge devices. The proposed framework exhibits remarkable efficacy, showcasing a precision of 95.76%, a recall of 89.29%, an F1-score of 91.25%, an accuracy of 94.22%, and an AUC of 99.72%. Moreover, training and testing times clock in at just 0.2314 and 0.0259 s, respectively. A comparative analysis against state-of-the-art transfer learning methods underscores its real-time analytical prowess. To demonstrate real-world applicability, we successfully validated our model on the Jetson Nano hardware, making it suitable for resource-constrained settings. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Computational efficiency

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Caching Strategies in NDN Based Wireless Ad Hoc Network:A Survey

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computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第7期80卷 61-103页

作者： Ahmed Khalid Rana Asif Rehman Byung-Seo Kim Department of Computer Science FAST School of ComputingNational University of Computer and Emerging SciencesLahore54000Pakistan Department of Software and Communications Engineering Hongik UniversitySejong City30016Republic of Korea

Wireless Ad Hoc Networks consist of devices that are wirelessly *** Ad Hoc Networks(MANETs),Internet of Things(IoT),and Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks(VANETs)are the main domains of wireless ad hoc *** is used in wireless ad hoc *** is based on Transmission Control Protocol(TCP)/Internet Protocol(IP)network where clients and servers interact with each other with the help of IP in a pre-defined *** fetches data from a fixed *** redundancy,mobility,and location dependency are the main issues of the IP network *** these factors result in poor performance of wireless ad hoc *** main disadvantage of IP is that,it does not provide in-network ***,there is a need to move towards a new network that overcomes these *** Data Network(NDN)is a network that overcomes these *** is a project of Information-centric Network(ICN).NDN provides in-network caching which helps in fast response to user *** NDN in wireless ad hoc network provides many benefits such as caching,mobility,scalability,security,and *** considering the certainty,in this survey paper,we present a comprehensive survey on Caching Strategies in NDN-based Wireless *** cachingmechanism-based results are also *** the last,we also shed light on the challenges and future directions of this promising field to provide a clear understanding of what caching-related problems exist in NDN-based wireless ad hoc networks.

关键词： Content centric network Internet of Things mobile ad hoc network named data network vehicular ad hoc network

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Regression analysis of squeezing-induced hybrid nanofluid flow in Darcy-Forchheimer porous medium

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2025年第1期46卷 193-208页

作者： K.MUHAMMAD M.SARFRAZ Department of Humanities and Sciences School of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceNational University of Sciences and TechnologyIslamabad 44000Pakistan Department of Mathematics Quaid-i-Azam UniversityIslamabad 44000Pakistan

This article presents a mathematical model addressing a scenario involving a hybrid nanofluid flow between two infinite parallel *** plate remains stationary,while the other moves downward at a squeezing *** space between these plates contains a Darcy-Forchheimer porous medium.A mixture of water-based fluid with gold(Au)and silicon dioxide(Si O2)nanoparticles is *** contrast to the conventional Fourier's heat flux equation,this study employs the Cattaneo-Christov heat flux equation.A uniform magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the flow direction,invoking magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)***,the model accounts for Joule heating,which is the heat generated when an electric current passes through the *** problem is solved via NDSolve in *** and statistical analyses are conducted to provide insights into the behavior of the nanomaterials between the parallel plates with respect to the flow,energy transport,and skin *** findings of this study have potential applications in enhancing cooling systems and optimizing thermal management *** is observed that the squeezing motion generates additional pressure gradients within the fluid,which enhances the flow rate but reduces the frictional ***,the fluid is pushed more vigorously between the plates,increasing the flow *** the fluid experiences higher flow rates due to the increased squeezing effect,it spends less time in the region between the *** thermal relaxation,however,abruptly changes the temperature,leading to a decrease in the temperature fluctuations.

关键词： convective boundary condition Darcy-Forchheimer medium hybrid nanofuid Joule heating magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) numerical solution squeezing flow regression analysis

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An Intelligent Fingerprinting Technique for Low-Power Embedded IoT Devices

IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence

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IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence 2024年第9期5卷 4519-4534页

作者： Kohli, Varun Aman, Muhammad Naveed Sikdar, Biplab National University of Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering 117417 Singapore University of Nebraska-Lincoln School of Computing LincolnNE68588 United States

The Internet of Things (IoT) has been a popular topic for research and development in the past decade. The resource-constrained and wireless nature of IoT devices presents a large surface of vulnerabilities, and traditional network security methods involving complex cryptography are not feasible. Studies show that Denial of Service (DoS), physical intrusion, spoofing, and node forgery are prevalent threats in the IoT, and there is a need for robust, lightweight device fingerprinting schemes. We identify eight criteria of effective fingerprinting methods for resource-constrained IoT devices and propose an intelligent, lightweight, whitelist-based fingerprinting method that satisfies these properties. The proposed method uses the power-up Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) stack as fingerprint features and autoencoder networks (AEN) for fingerprint registration and verification. We also present a threat mitigation framework based on network isolation levels to handle potential and identified threats. Experiments are conducted with a heterogeneous pool of 10 advanced virtual reduced instruction set computer (AVR) Harvard architecture prover devices from different vendors, and Dell Latitude and Dell XPS 13 laptops are used as verifier testbeds. The proposed method has a 99.9% accuracy, 100% precision, and 99.6% recall on known and unknown heterogeneous devices, which is an improvement over several past works. The independence of fingerprints stored in the AENs enables easy distribution and update, and the observed evaluation latency (∼10-4s) and data collection latency (∼1 s) make our method practical for real-world scenarios. Lastly, we analyze the proposed method with regard to the eight criteria and highlight its limitations for future improvement. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Internet of things

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A review on the energy efficient resource allocation schemes with improved quality of services in green cloud computing

A review on the energy efficient resource allocation schemes...

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International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain, computing and Security, ICABCS 2023

作者： Fiaz, A.S. Syed Sonai, Veeramani Computer Science and Engineering Amrita Viswa Vidhyapeetham School of Computing Chennai India Department of Computer Science and Engineering School of Engineering Shiv Nadar University Chennai India

ISBN: (纸本)9781032669663

The vast changes in the computing utilization have created a need with the improvised resource availability and reliability. The virtualization of servers and data centers to increase their efficiency has transformed how enormous data is stored and handled. Cloud computing has created a supreme and impressive approach to virtualize servers and data centers and to make them energy efficient in order to leverage on diverse IT resources. Massive power and energy consumption by IT resources leads to an energy crisis and a change in the planet’s climate. But because these IT resources use so much energy and power, they end up being a significant source of CO2 emissions. Due to this, green cloud computing is now required in order to make IT resources cost-and energy-effective. It is necessary to do a thorough analysis of the cloud’s power efficiency in order to arrive at the best options for green cloud computing. Green Cloud computing is well known to be a broad domain and a popular field for research because of the increasing rise of enormous data storage and computational demand. It can generate solutions that not only make IT resources energy efficient but also reduce operational expenses. This review’s objective is to highlight some of the best practices for achieving green cloud computing, including workload clustering, Auction-Based Resource Optimization techniques, Hardware and Software controlled solutions, Minimize cooling requirements scheduling, clustering, virtualization and other energy-saving techniques. © 2024, CRC Press/Balkema. All rights reserved.

关键词： Carbon footprint

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ECO-Guard: An Integrated AI Sensor System for Monitoring Wildlife and Sustainable Forest Management 8th

ECO-Guard: An Integrated AI Sensor System for Monitoring Wil...

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8th International Conference on Information and Communication Technology for Competitive Strategies, ICTCS 2023

作者： Nikhilesh Krishna, Ch. Rauniyar, Avishek Kireeti Sai Bharadwaj, N. Raj, Sujay Bharath Valsan, Vipina Suresh, Kavya Ravikumar Pandi, V. Sathyan, Soumya Department of Computer Science and Engineering Amrita School of Computing Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Amritapuri India Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Amrita School of Engineering Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Amritapuri India

ISBN: (纸本)9789819994885

In India, 12% of wild animals are threatened with extinction, and human activity threatens more than 80% of East and Southeast Asia's wetlands. Every year, an estimated 400 people are killed by wildlife in India, with Maharashtra alone seeing 88 human deaths and 9258 cattle killings by tigers in 2020. The ECO-Guard is an intelligent device which uses the You Only Look Once (YOLO) model and various sensors and machine learning models with algorithms that support and promote forest monitoring and tourist guidance in forest areas addressing Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 12 (Life on Land). The paper presents a linear chain-like mesh of devices speeded across bio-area which are used in correlation for intended surveillance. Each device can multimodule apps and tally their sightings automatically to analyze coherence of the situation with the forest rangers, organizations, and figures. It catches from the information, the ill substitutes like human spotting with beasts. It suggests that the advice can be further put into practice by constantly monitoring any closeness of alternatives that match to create an unfavorable combination. Also having to help detect many forest crimes, some including illegal logging, preventing, and deforestation on a large scale. This paper highlights a novel ECO-Guard, an intelligent and autonomous monitoring system which includes artificial intelligence (AI)-enhanced strategies and algorithms to conserve wildlife and forest ecosystems by integrating various hardware and software components. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.

关键词： Deforestation

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Robust Multi-Dialect End-to-End ASR Model Jointly with Beam Search Threshold Pruning and LLM

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SN computer science 2025年第4期6卷 1-12页

作者： Shunmuga Priya, M.C. Karthika Renuka, D. Ashok Kumar, L. Department of Computer Science and Engineering Amrita School of Computing Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Coimbatore India Department of Information Technology PSG College of Technology Coimbatore India Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Thiagarajar College of Engineering Madurai India

This paper aims to develop a novel robust multi-dialect end-to-end ASR system with beam search threshold pruning. The efficacy of our proposed model is evaluated using word error rate (WER). Our key contributions are: (1) To develop an end-to-end ASR system using attention-based neural network architecture and analyze the effectiveness of two features such as MFCC and log mel filter bank energies on multiple speech dialect corpora including American, Britain, and Indian accents;(2) To integrate beam search threshold pruning as a decoding mechanism to reduce the decoding time (3) To conduct an experimental analysis to test the model performance and compare the results against baseline system. (4) Post processing analysis are carried out using Llama2-7B based large language model(LLM) for enhancing the performance of proposed ASR system. The proposed model significantly improves performance by 1.91% and 4.29% over clean and noisy speech in librispeech corpus. Similarly, for the Indian accented speech, the model attains an average WER of about 6.6%. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Automatic speech recognition Beam search Decoding LLM Log Mel filter bank energies

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Blockchain Technology and Smart Contracts for Transformative Energy Trading 4

Blockchain Technology and Smart Contracts for Transformative...

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4th IEEE International Conference on ICT in Business Industry and Government, ICTBIG 2024

作者： Valsan, Vipina Sai, P. Sarvan Sri Mukesh, Koraganji Raju, Abbaraju Sree Tharun Sindukuri, Teja Amrita School of Engineering Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Amritapuri India Amrita School of Computing Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Department of Computer Science and Engineering Amritapuri India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331518981

The trend in renewable energy calls for safe peer-to-peer(P2P)energy trading in a microgrid. Blockchain technology (BCT) addresses this by providing a secure, tamper-proof ledger that enables transparent and sustainable energy exchange. This paper explores how smart contracts can make energy trading more efficient for microgrid users while securely recording all transactions for easy verification. The architecture designed for these smart contracts ensures reliable mechanisms such as simultaneous submission of bids, user registration, order placement and sorting, and automatic execution of the trading system. The proposed smart contract-based energy trading system improves energy efficiency and flexibility while supporting decentralized control within the microgrid. BCT directly contributes to the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) by promoting this technology, increasing renewable energy in the global energy mix, and improving energy efficiency. Furthermore, BCT supports SDG 9 by creating a resilient and sustainable infrastructure through technological innovation. This paper provides a detailed analysis of the P2P trading scenario, smart contract pseudocode, and visualization of the smart contract implementation in Solidity, aiming to navigate the real-world application of P2P energy markets. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Smart contract

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Anomaly Detection in Classroom Using Convolutional Neural Networks 6th

Anomaly Detection in Classroom Using Convolutional Neural Ne...

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6th International Conference on Soft computing and Signal Processing, ICSCSP 2023

作者： Vidhyasagar, B.S. Doppalapudi, Harshith Chowdary, Sritej Dagumati, VishnuVardhan Charan Kumar Reddy, N. Department of Computer Science and Engineering Amrita School of Computing AmritaVishwaVidyapeetham Chennai India

ISBN: (纸本)9789819984503

Anomaly detection is a task that involves identifying patterns or events that deviate significantly from the expected or normal behavior. In the context of classroom settings, it is essential to identify mischievous behavior exhibited by students to ensure a productive and conducive learning environment. This paper proposes a new method to identify abnormal behavior in a classroom setting using computer vision and deep learning techniques. This method uses convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and recurrent neural networks (RNN) algorithms to detect hand-raising, sleeping, talking, and fighting behaviors in the classroom with live video surveillance. It involves using the You Only Look Once (YOLO) algorithm to locate the position of students in the frame and an RNN algorithm to classify their behavior as normal or anomalous. RNN algorithm is trained on a labeled image and video dataset containing examples of normal and abnormal behaviors. This system can trigger real-time alerts, allowing teachers to act appropriately to maintain a conducive learning environment. It also helps to identify and address disruptive behaviors. Real-time, revolutionizing classroom monitoring: Our algorithm has the potential to improve student safety and well-being, as well as their academic performance. This research could lead to further developments in the field of the classroom. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.

关键词： Recurrent neural networks

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Performance Evaluation and Comparative Ranking of LLM Variants in Entity Relationship Prediction 15

Performance Evaluation and Comparative Ranking of LLM Varian...

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15th International Conference on computing Communication and Networking Technologies, ICCCNT 2024

作者： Vardhni, Krisha Devaraja, G. Dharhshita, R. Chowdary, Ritesh Krishna Mahadevan, Anbazhagan Amrita School of Computing Department of Computer Science and Engineering Coimbatore641112 India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350370249

This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation and ranking of five Large Language Models - Mistral, Vicuna, Phi, Llama 2, and Zephyr - across five temperature variants. The focus is on their ability to predict the likelihood of a relationship between pairs of entities within a given context. Each LLM variant is assessed based on stability over multiple epochs, speed, dispersion of results, and the number of incorrect responses. The study aims to provide insights into the performance of these LLMs, thereby facilitating their effective utilization in generating meaningful tabular data. The findings are expected to contribute significantly to the field of artificial intelligence and data analysis. The paper concludes with a comparative ranking of the 25 LLM variants, providing a clear perspective on their relative performances. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Artificial Intelligence Data Analysis Entity Relationship Prediction Large Language Models Performance Evaluation Ranking Variants Tabular Data Generation Temperature Variants

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