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More than just a name?From magnetic to optical skyrmions and the topology of light

Light(science & Applications) 2025年第1期14卷 26-29页

作者： Jian Chen Andrew Forbes Cheng-Wei Qiu School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai200093China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore117583Singapore School of Physics University of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa

Topology is usually perceived intrinsically immutable for a given *** argue that optical topologies do not immediately enjoy such ***'optical skyrmions'as an example,we show that they will exhibit varying textures and topological invariants(skyrmion numbers),depending on how to construct the skyrmion vector when projecting from real to parameter *** demonstrate the fragility of optical skyrmions under a ubiquitous scenario-simple reflection off an optical *** topology is not without benefit,but it must not be assumed.

关键词： numbers space. topology

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An overview on IRS-enabled sensing and communications for 6G: architectures, fundamental limits, and joint beamforming designs

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science China(Information sciences) 2025年第5期68卷 170-193页

作者： Xianxin SONG Yuan FANG Feng WANG Zixiang REN Xianghao YU Ye ZHANG Fan LIU Jie XU Derrick Wing Kwan NG Rui ZHANG Shuguang CUI School of Science and Engineering (SSE) Shenzhen Future Network of Intelligence Institute (FNii-Shenzhen)and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Future Networks of Intelligence The Chinese University of Hong Kong Department of Electrical Engineering City University of Hong Kong School of Information Engineering Guangdong University of Technology Key Laboratory of Wireless-Optical Communications Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Information Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of China Computer School Beijing Information Science and Technology University National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory School of Information Science and Engineering Southeast University School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications University of New South Wales School of Science and Engineering Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data The Chinese University of Hong Kong Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore

This study presents an overview on intelligent reflecting surface(IRS)-enabled sensing and communication for the forthcoming sixth-generation(6G) wireless networks, in which IRSs are strategically deployed to proactively reconfigure wireless environments to improve both sensing and communication(S&C) performance. First, we exploit a single IRS to enable wireless sensing in the base station's(BS's) non-line-of-sight(NLoS) area. In particular, we present three IRS-enabled NLoS target sensing architectures with fully-passive, semi-passive, and active IRSs, respectively. We compare their pros and cons by analyzing the fundamental sensing performance limits for target detection and parameter estimation. Next, we consider a single IRS to facilitate integrated sensing and communication(ISAC), in which the transmit signals at the BS are used for achieving both S&C functionalities, aided by the IRS through reflective beamforming. We present joint transmit signal and receiver processing designs for realizing efficient ISAC, and jointly optimize the transmit beamforming at the BS and reflective beamforming at the IRS to balance the fundamental performance tradeoff between S&C. Furthermore, we discuss multi-IRS networked ISAC, by particularly focusing on multi-IRS-enabled multi-link ISAC, multi-region ISAC, and ISAC signal routing, respectively. Finally, we highlight various promising research topics in this area to motivate future work.

关键词： integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) non-line-of-sight (NLoS) sensing sensing and communication tradeoff

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On Neutrosophy logic for Multiple Correlation Analysis in Fuzzy Uncertain Database

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Neutrosophic Sets and Systems 2025年 76卷 1-17页

作者： Wazir, Samar Beg, M.M. Sufyan Ahmad, Tanvir Sohail, Shahab Saquib Department of Computer Engineering Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi India Department of Computer Engineering Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh India School of Computing Science and Engineering VIT Bhopal University MP Sehore466114 India

The primary goal of this paper is to introduce a novel method for mining frequent and interesting items by incorporating correlation analysis between two items in an uncertain transactional database using the OWA operator. The work is further expanded by proposing two additional methods for mining frequent and interesting items, utilizing fuzzy means and the OWA operator along with multiple correlation analysis for more than two items in uncertain transactional databases. The effectiveness of the proposed methods is evaluated by running the algorithms on both standard and example datasets, with results compared to the traditional probabilistic approach for identifying frequent and interesting items through multiple correlation. While multiple correlation analysis highlights the relationships of interestingness and uninterestingness between items, the OWA operator enhances the results when combined with fuzzy means and probabilistic methods. Additionally, the paper suggests a future research direction using Neutrosophy logic, which is anticipated to open new avenues for further exploration in this field. © 2025, University of New Mexico. All rights reserved.

关键词： Database systems

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Comprehensive Survey of the Landscape of Digital Twin Technologies and Their Diverse Applications

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computer Modeling in engineering & sciences 2024年第1期138卷 125-165页

作者： Haiyu Chen Haijian Shao Xing Deng Lijuan Wang Xia Wang School of Computer Jiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiang212003China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Nevada Las VegasLas VegasNV89154USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore117583Singapore

The concept of the digital twin,also known colloquially as the DT,is a fundamental principle within Industry 4.0 *** recent years,the concept of digital siblings has generated considerable academic and practical ***,academia and industry have used a variety of interpretations,and the scientific literature lacks a unified and consistent definition of this *** purpose of this study is to systematically examine the definitional landscape of the digital twin concept as outlined in scholarly literature,beginning with its origins in the aerospace domain and extending to its contemporary interpretations in the manufacturing ***,this investigationwill focus on the research conducted on Industry 4.0 and smartmanufacturing,elucidating the diverse applications of digital twins in fields including aerospace,intelligentmanufacturing,intelligent transportation,and intelligent cities,among others.

关键词： Digital twins Industry 4.0 smart manufacturing digital thread modeling simulation

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An effective object detection and tracking using automated image annotation with inception based faster R-CNN model

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International Journal of Cognitive computing in engineering 2024年第1期5卷 343-356页

作者： Vijiyakumar, K. Govindasamy, V. Akila, V. Department of Computing Technologies School of computing SRM institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur campus Tamilnadu Chengalpattu district India Department of Information Technology Pondicherry Engineering College Pondicherry India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Pondicherry Engineering College Pondicherry India

The present study advances object detection and tracking techniques by proposing a novel model combining Automated Image Annotation with Inception v2-based Faster RCNN (AIA-IFRCNN). The research methodology utilizes the DCF-CSRT model for image annotation, Faster RCNN for object detection, and the inception v2 model for feature extraction, followed by a softmax layer for image classification. The proposed AIA-IFRCNN model is evaluated on three benchmark datasets: Bird (Dataset 1), UCSDped2 (Dataset 2), and Under Water (Dataset 3), to determine prediction accuracy, annotation time, Center Location Error (CLE), and Overlap Rate (OR). The experimental results indicate that the AIA-IFRCNN model outperformed existing models regarding detection accuracy and tracking performance. Notably, it achieved a maximum detection accuracy of 95.62 % on Dataset 1, outperforming other models. Additionally, it achieved minimum average CLE values of 4.16, 5.78, and 3.54, and higher overlap rates of 0.92, 0.90, and 0.94 on the respective datasets (1, 2 and 3). Hence, this research work on object detection and tracking using the AIA-IFRCNN model is essential for improving system efficiency and fostering innovation in the field of computer vision and object tracking. © 2024

关键词： Image annotation

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An Overview of LoRa Localization Technologies

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computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第2期82卷 1645-1680页

作者： Huajiang Ruan Panjun Sun Yuanyuan Dong Hamid Tahaei Zhaoxi Fang Institute of Artificial Intelligence Shaoxing UniversityShaoxing312000China Department of Computer Science and Engineering School of Mechanical and Electrical EngineeringShaoxing UniversityShaoxing312000China

Traditional Global Positioning System(GPS)technology,with its high power consumption and limited perfor-mance in obstructed environments,is unsuitable for many Internet of Things(IoT)*** paper explores LoRa as an alternative localization technology,leveraging its low power consumption,robust indoor penetration,and extensive coverage area,which render it highly suitable for diverse IoT *** comprehensively review several LoRa-based localization techniques,including time of arrival(ToA),time difference of arrival(TDoA),round trip time(RTT),received signal strength indicator(RSSI),and fingerprinting *** this review,we evaluate the strengths and limitations of each technique and investigate hybrid models to potentially improve positioning *** studies in smart cities,agriculture,and logistics exemplify the versatility of LoRa for indoor and outdoor *** findings demonstrate that LoRa technology not only overcomes the limitations of GPS regarding power consumption and coverage but also enhances the scalability and efficiency of IoT deployments in complex environments.

关键词： LoRa localization IoT TDoA RSSI application hybrid models

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Privacy-preserving explainable AI: a survey

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science China(Information sciences) 2025年第1期68卷 23-56页

作者： Thanh Tam NGUYEN Thanh Trung HUYNH Zhao REN Thanh Toan NGUYEN Phi Le NGUYEN Hongzhi YIN Quoc Viet Hung NGUYEN School of Information and Communication Technology Griffith University School of Computer and Communication Sciences Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science University of Bremen Faculty of Information Technology HUTECH University Department of Computer Science Hanoi University of Science and Technology School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science The University of Queensland

As the adoption of explainable AI(XAI) continues to expand, the urgency to address its privacy implications intensifies. Despite a growing corpus of research in AI privacy and explainability, there is little attention on privacy-preserving model explanations. This article presents the first thorough survey about privacy attacks on model explanations and their countermeasures. Our contribution to this field comprises a thorough analysis of research papers with a connected taxonomy that facilitates the categorization of privacy attacks and countermeasures based on the targeted explanations. This work also includes an initial investigation into the causes of privacy leaks. Finally, we discuss unresolved issues and prospective research directions uncovered in our analysis. This survey aims to be a valuable resource for the research community and offers clear insights for those new to this domain. To support ongoing research, we have established an online resource repository, which will be continuously updated with new and relevant findings.

关键词： privacy-preserving explainable AI privacy attacks privacy defences PrivEx PPXAI

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Resolution-aware beam scanning for joint detection and communication in ISAC systems

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science China(Information sciences) 2025年第5期68卷 250-266页

作者： Yiming XU Dongfang XU Zhanyuan XIE Zheng JIANG Shenghui SONG Derrick Wing Kwan NG Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology China Telecom Research Institute School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications University of New South Wales

Beam scanning for joint detection and communication in integrated sensing and communication(ISAC) systems plays a critical role in continuous monitoring and rapid adaptation to dynamic environments. However, the design of sequential scanning beams for target detection with the required sensing resolution has not been tackled in the *** bridge this gap, this paper introduces a resolution-aware beam scanning design. In particular, the transmit information beamformer, the covariance matrix of the dedicated radar signal, and the receive beamformer are jointly optimized to maximize the average sum rate of the system while satisfying the sensing resolution and detection probability requirements.A block coordinate descent(BCD)-based optimization framework is developed to address the non-convex design problem. By exploiting successive convex approximation(SCA), S-procedure, and semidefinite relaxation(SDR), the proposed algorithm is guaranteed to converge to a stationary solution with polynomial time complexity. Simulation results show that the proposed design can efficiently handle the stringent detection requirement and outperform existing antenna-activation-based methods in the literature by exploiting the full degrees of freedom(DoFs) brought by all antennas.

关键词： integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) detection beam scanning resolution beamwidth

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Amazon Web Services Cloud Compliance Automation with Open Policy Agent 4

Amazon Web Services Cloud Compliance Automation with Open Po...

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4th International Conference on Expert Clouds and Applications, ICOECA 2024

作者： Paul, Alen Manoj, Rishi Udhayakumar, S. Amrita School of Computing Department of Computer Science and Engineering India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350385793

The security challenges posed by Infrastructure as code (IaC) are outgrowing established security procedures in an era of rapidly adopting cloud computing and DevOps methodologies. Using security principles to be integrated into the CI/CD pipeline for continuous validation and remediation, this research work proposes a DevSecOps approach to enable cloud environment IaC security. The proposed architecture evaluates CloudFormation Template file to the specified security policy by utilizing Open Policy Agent (OPA). Any violations are flagged by OPA, which may force the deployment process to stop. By incorporating security and compliance considerations into the development pipeline, this method guarantees that vulnerabilities are kept out of production systems. Organizations can improve the overall security posture of their cloud systems by proactively identifying and remediating security problems by implementing a DevSecOps approach. By ensuring that IaC deployments adhere to specified security policies based on the compliance requirements, OPA's continuous security validation reduces the possibility of misconfigurations and security flaws. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Cloud security

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Addressing Imbalance in Health Datasets: A New Method NR-Clustering SMOTE and Distance Metric Modification

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computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第2期82卷 2931-2949页

作者： Hairani Hairani Triyanna Widiyaningtyas Didik Dwi Prasetya Afrig Aminuddin Department of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Faculty of EngineeringUniversitas Negeri MalangMalang65145Indonesia Department of Computer Science Universitas BumigoraMataram83127Indonesia Department of Computer Graphic and Multimedia Faculty of ComputingCollege of Computing and Applied SciencesUniversiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan AbdullahPekan26600Malaysia

An imbalanced dataset often challenges machine learning, particularly classification methods. Underrepresented minority classes can result in biased and inaccurate models. The Synthetic Minority Over-Sampling Technique (SMOTE) was developed to address the problem of imbalanced data. Over time, several weaknesses of the SMOTE method have been identified in generating synthetic minority class data, such as overlapping, noise, and small disjuncts. However, these studies generally focus on only one of SMOTE’s weaknesses: noise or overlapping. Therefore, this study addresses both issues simultaneously by tackling noise and overlapping in SMOTE-generated data. This study proposes a combined approach of filtering, clustering, and distance modification to reduce noise and overlapping produced by SMOTE. Filtering removes minority class data (noise) located in majority class regions, with the k-nn method applied for filtering. The use of Noise Reduction (NR), which removes data that is considered noise before applying SMOTE, has a positive impact in overcoming data imbalance. Clustering establishes decision boundaries by partitioning data into clusters, allowing SMOTE with modified distance metrics to generate minority class data within each cluster. This SMOTE clustering and distance modification approach aims to minimize overlap in synthetic minority data that could introduce noise. The proposed method is called “NR-Clustering SMOTE,” which has several stages in balancing data: (1) filtering by removing minority classes close to majority classes (data noise) using the k-nn method;(2) clustering data using K-means aims to establish decision boundaries by partitioning data into several clusters;(3) applying SMOTE oversampling with Manhattan distance within each cluster. Test results indicate that the proposed NR-Clustering SMOTE method achieves the best performance across all evaluation metrics for classification methods such as Random Forest, SVM, and Naїve Bayes, compared t

关键词： SMOTE modification Clustering-SMOTE manhattan distance

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