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International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS)

作者： Leandro José Evilásio Campos Marco Henrique Terra Ricardo Menotti Roberto Santos Inoue Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering Federal University of São Carlos São Carlos SP Brazil Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering São Carlos School of Engineering University of São Paulo São Carlos SP Brazil Department of Computing Federal University of São Carlos

The efficient Kalman filter has been widely used in recent decades to obtain air navigation information in UAVs. However, for a good performance of the Kalman filter, the model that describes the system dynamics must not contain uncertainties. This paper presents the implementation of a robust Kalman filter to estimate the attitude, velocity, and position of UAVs. The robust filter considers uncertainties in the sensor models. A mathematical structure based on the solution of linear systems synthesizes the predictor-corrector robust estimation algorithm. The main contribution of this study is the proposed QR decomposition based on Givens rotation to solve the linear system. The simulated experiments used sensory data collected in Zürich-Switzerland and ground truth referencing attitude, velocity, and position. The offline simulation results express the effectiveness of the robust Kalman filter for this application, with a reduction of up to 18.9% in the estimation error, in relation to the standard Kalman filter. The proposal to use systolic arrays for numerical solutions has shown promise for implementation in parallel processing platforms, such as FPGAs.

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Scalable Numerical Embeddings for Multivariate Time Series: Enhancing Healthcare Data Representation Learning

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Huang, Chun-Kai Hsieh, Yi-Hsien Chien, Ta-Jung Chien, Li-Cheng Sun, Shao-Hua Su, Tung-Hung Kao, Jia-Horng Lin, Che Taiwan Data Science Degree Program NTU Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering NTU Taiwan Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology NTU Hospital Taiwan Hepatitis Research Center NTU Hospital Taiwan Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine College of Medicine NTU Taiwan Center for Advanced Computing and Imaging in Biomedicine NTU Taiwan Smart Medicine and Health Informatics Program NTU Taiwan

Multivariate time series (MTS) data, when sampled irregularly and asynchronously, often present extensive missing values. Conventional methodologies for MTS analysis tend to rely on temporal embeddings based on timestamps that necessitate subsequent imputations, yet these imputed values frequently deviate substantially from their actual counterparts, thereby compromising prediction accuracy. Furthermore, these methods typically fail to provide robust initial embeddings for values infrequently observed or even absent within the training set, posing significant challenges to model generalizability. In response to these challenges, we propose SCAlable Numerical Embedding (SCANE), a novel framework that treats each feature value as an independent token, effectively bypassing the need for imputation. SCANE regularizes the traits of distinct feature embeddings and enhances representational learning through a scalable embedding mechanism. Coupling SCANE with the Transformer Encoder architecture, we develop the Scalable nUMerical eMbeddIng Transformer (SUMMIT), which is engineered to deliver precise predictive outputs for MTS characterized by prevalent missing entries. Our experimental validation, conducted across three disparate electronic health record (EHR) datasets marked by elevated missing value frequencies, confirms the superior performance of SUMMIT over contemporary state-of-the-art approaches addressing similar challenges. These results substantiate the efficacy of SCANE and SUMMIT, underscoring their potential applicability across a broad spectrum of MTS data analytical tasks. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Embeddings

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Evolutionary Trends of Intelligent IoT Networking for Commercial and Industrial Use Cases

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中国通信（英文版） 2023年第8期20卷前插1-前插4页

作者： Shuai Han Rong Bo Nadra Guizani Sai Xu Ruoyu Su Liang Xiao Cheng Li Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Communications Research Centre Canada Engineering program and the computing Research Association School of Cybersecurity Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'anChina Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Department of Informatics and Communication Engineering Xiamen Univer- sityFujianChina Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering of Memorial University St.John'sCanada

The intelligent Internet of Things(IIoT)is one of the key enablers for the digital transformation of traditional industries towards Industry *** services have diversified requirements due to the nature of their commercial and industrial *** various devices in IIoT environments have their unique properties in terms of resource limita-tions,network lifetimes,and application Quali-ty-of-Service(QoS)requirements which affect the performance under such applications ***,IoT devices typically have constrained power,storage,computing,high latency,massive multiple access and communications resources which limit the performance of IIoT for commercial and industrial Use *** the other hand,devices used in IIoT were not initially designed with security in mind and they had been considered *** response to the above challenges,domestic and foreign scholars have gradually carried out research on network architecture,collaborative scheduling strategy,energy supply technology,resource man-agement,and ***,the research on IIoT is still in its infancy,and has not yet formed comprehen-sive and systematic theoretical methods and technical standards.

关键词： Special issues and sections Internet of Things Intelligent systems Commercialization Requirements engineering Industrial engineering

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Predicting Microsatellite Instability from Histology Images with Dilated Neighborhood Attention Transformer in Colorectal Cancer

Predicting Microsatellite Instability from Histology Images ...

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IEEE Symposium on Bioinformatics and Bioengineering (BIBE)

作者： Yun-Chi Chen Tung Chao Wimaya Nitya Phandita Tzu-Yu Sun Huai-Zhi Wang Yi-Hsien Hsieh Le-Yin Hsu Che Lin Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics National Taiwan University (NTU) Taipei Taiwan College of Bioresources and Agriculture NTU Taipei Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering NTU Taipei Taiwan Data Science Degree Program NTU Taipei Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering NTU Taipei Taiwan Center for Advanced Computing and Imaging in Biomedicine NTU Taipei Taiwan Smart Medicine and Health Informatics Program NTU Taipei Taiwan

ISBN: (数字)9798331518622

ISBN: (纸本)9798331518639

Microsatellite instability (MSI) is a pivotal genetic marker influencing the efficacy of immunotherapy in colorectal cancer. Traditional MSI examination often requires additional genetic or immunohistochemical tests, whereas histology images, widely available in colorectal cancer diagnosis, offer a valuable alternative for MSI prediction. Although Transformer-based models have demonstrated promising outcomes in predicting MSI from histology images, they are hampered by traditional local attention mechanisms that struggle to capture long-range interdependencies and establish a comprehensive global receptive field. In this study, we introduce DiNAT-MSI, a novel framework for histology-based MSI prediction that incorporates the Dilated Neighborhood Attention Transformer (DiNAT). This model enhances global context recognition and substantially expands receptive fields, all without additional computational burden. Our results demonstrate that DiNAT-MSI achieves a superior patientwise AUROC compared to ResNet18 and Swin Transformer, along with commendable explainability. Our work not only illustrates a more accessible diagnostic tool for leveraging histological data but also underscores the potential of Transformerbased models with sophisticated attention designs in advancing precision medicine for colorectal cancer patients.

关键词： Attention mechanisms Histopathology Computational modeling Precision medicine Small satellites Immunotherapy Colorectal cancer Predictive models Transformers Genetics

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Android Based Heart-rate Monitoring System using ECG Sensor 2

Android Based Heart-rate Monitoring System using ECG Sensor

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2nd International Conference on Sustainable engineering and Creative computing, ICSECC 2020

作者： Rosalina Selina, Grace Mandala, Rila Faculty of Computing Information Technology Study Program President University Bekasi Indonesia School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Bandung Institute of Technology Bandung Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9781728175881

This research aims to help the user monitor their heart’s condition and notify other people in case of an emergency due to an abnormal heartbeat (normal heartbeat around 60-100 beats per minute). From the heart rate graph, the user could do a consultation with an expert in the nearest hospital using a map feature that will show the nearest hospital with a 1 KM radius from the user’s current location. The heart is undeniably an essential part of the human body system. The heart's missions are to pump blood to the lungs to expel the waste carbon dioxide that resulted from the respiration and pump blood that will deliver oxygen throughout the human body's circulation system. While the blood that carries oxygen being pumped throughout the human body, the heart will provide the oxygen to all cells. Body cells need to use oxygen to get the energy from food through a process called cellular respiration. Monitoring our heartbeat and pulse rate can increase people’s awareness about their heart’s health, motivating, and encouraging people to maintain a healthy eating plan and exercise. This research will be implemented ECG Sensor. The sensor will then send the data to the android application via HC-06 Bluetooth module. Monitoring the heart rate and analyzing the user’s heartbeat will be done in the android with a microcontroller device's help. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Electrocardiograms

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Predicting Neurological Outcomes of Comatose Cardiac Arrest Patients Using Transformer Neural Networks with EEG Data

Predicting Neurological Outcomes of Comatose Cardiac Arrest ...

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Computers in Cardiology (CinC)

作者： Jefferson Dionisio Che Lin Lian-Yu Lin Wen-Chau Wu Smart Medicine and Health Informatics Program National Taiwan University (NTU) Taipei Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering NTU Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering NTU School of Medicine NTU Center for Advanced Computing and Imaging in Biomedicine NTU Center for Biotechnology NTU Department of Internal Medicine NTU Hospital Taipei Taiwan Institute of Medical Device and Imaging NTU Department of Radiology College of Medicine NTU Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine NTU

As part of the 2023 PhysioNet Challenge, our team FINDING_MEMO utilized Transformer to predict outcomes using patient EEG data since it excels at dealing with sequential data like EEG. We mainly used the Transformer encoder block's multi-head self-attention to generate representations from the input and leverage several hidden layers to form the final prediction. Using the latest EEG from every patient, our team achieved the challenge score of 0.42 with the hidden validation set (ranked 36th out of 73 invited teams) and obtained a result of 0.37 (ranked 29th out of 36 qualified teams). Our results show a consistent performance across varying EEG recording durations in both the validation and test set. Our team also had the second-best score when evaluated, with only 12 hours of available recordings in the test set. Such promising results showcase the models' generalizability and clinical potential in predicting outcomes for comatose patients, especially for limited available EEG recordings.

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Deep STI: Deep Stochastic Time-series Imputation on Electronic Health Records

Deep STI: Deep Stochastic Time-series Imputation on Electron...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： Ming-Che Cheng Yi-Hsien Hsieh Te-Cheng Hsu Tung-Hung Su Che Lin Institute of Communications Engineering National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering National Taiwan University (NTU) Taipei Taiwan Dept. of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterolgy and Hepatology National Taiwan University Hospital Taipei Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering NTU Taipei Taiwan Center for Advanced Computing and Imaging in Biomedicine NTU Taipei Taiwan Smart Medicine and Health Informatics Program NTU Taipei Taiwan

ISBN: (数字)9798350371499

ISBN: (纸本)9798350371505

Electronic Health Records (EHRs) are a cornerstone of modern healthcare analytics, offering rich datasets for various disease analyses through advanced deep learning algorithms. However, the pervasive issue of missing values in EHRs significantly hampers the development and performance of these models. Addressing this challenge is crucial for enhancing clinical decision-making and patient care. Existing methods for handling missing data, ranging from simple imputation to more sophisticated approaches, often fall short of capturing the temporal dynamics inherent in EHRs. To bridge this gap, we introduce the Deep Stochastic Time-series Imputation (Deep STI) algorithm, an innovative end-to-end deep learning model that seamlessly integrates a sequence-to-sequence generative network with a prediction network. Deep STI is designed to leverage the observed time-series data in EHRs, learning to infer missing values from the temporal context with high accuracy. We evaluated Deep STI on the liver cancer data from the National Taiwan University Hospital (NTUH), Taiwan. Our results showed that Deep STI achieved better 5-year hepatocellular carcinoma predictions (19.21% in the area under the precision-recall curve) than extreme gradient boosting (18.15%) and Transformer (18.09%). The ablation study also illustrates the efficacy of our generative architecture design compared to regular imputations. This approach not only promises to improve the reliability of disease analysis in the presence of incomplete data but also sets a new standard for utilizing EHRs in predictive healthcare. Our work aims to advance the field of healthcare analytics and open new avenues for research in deep learning applications to EHRs.

关键词： Deep learning Time series analysis Stochastic processes Predictive models Transformers Imputation Reliability Electronic medical records Standards Diseases

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Language-specific Characteristic Assistance for Code-switching Speech Recognition

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Song, Tongtong Xu, Qiang Ge, Meng Wang, Longbiao Shi, Hao Lv, Yongjie Lin, Yuqin Dang, Jianwu Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cognitive Computing and Application College of Intelligence and Computing Tianjin University Tianjin China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore Graduate School of Informatics Kyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto Japan Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Ishikawa Japan

Dual-encoder structure successfully utilizes two language-specific encoders (LSEs) for code-switching speech recognition. Because LSEs are initialized by two pre-trained language-specific models (LSMs), the dual-encoder structure can exploit sufficient monolingual data and capture the individual language attributes. However, most existing methods have no language constraints on LSEs and underutilize language-specific knowledge of LSMs. In this paper, we propose a language-specific characteristic assistance (LSCA) method to mitigate the above problems. Specifically, during training, we introduce two language-specific losses as language constraints and generate corresponding language-specific targets for them. During decoding, we take the decoding abilities of LSMs into account by combining the output probabilities of two LSMs and the mixture model to obtain the final predictions. Experiments show that either the training or decoding method of LSCA can improve the model's performance. Furthermore, the best result can obtain up to 15.4% relative error reduction on the code-switching test set by combining the training and decoding methods of LSCA. Moreover, the system can process code-switching speech recognition tasks well without extra shared parameters or even retraining based on two pre-trained LSMs by using our method. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Speech recognition

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ReViT: A Hybrid Approach for BCLC Staging of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using 3D CT with Multiple Instance Learning

ReViT: A Hybrid Approach for BCLC Staging of Hepatocellular ...

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IEEE EMBS International Conference on Information Technology Applications in Biomedicine (ITAB)

作者： Shun-Cheng Chang Hsin-Pei Yu Yi-Hsien Hsieh Pochuang Wang Weichung Wang Tung-Hung Su Jia-Horng Kao Che Lin Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering National Taiwan University (NTU) Taipei Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering NTU Taipei Taiwan Institute of Applied Mathematical Sciences NTU Taipei Taiwan Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology National Taiwan University Hospital Taipei Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering NTU Taipei Taiwan Center for Advanced Computing and Imaging in Biomedicine NTU Taipei Taiwan Smart Medicine and Health Informatics Program NTU Taipei Taiwan

ISBN: (数字)9798350351552

ISBN: (纸本)9798350351569

Deep learning has revolutionized medical imaging, offering advanced methods for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. The BCLC staging system is crucial for staging Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC), a high-mortality cancer. An automated BCLC staging system could significantly enhance diagnosis and treatment planning efficiency. However, we found that BCLC staging, which is directly related to the size and number of liver tumors, aligns well with the principles of the Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) framework. To effectively achieve this, we proposed a new preprocessing technique called Masked Cropping and Padding(MCP), which addresses the variability in liver volumes and ensures consistent input sizes. This technique preserves the structural integrity of the liver, facilitating more effective learning. Furthermore, we introduced Re ViT, a novel hybrid model that integrates the local feature extraction capabilities of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) with the global context modeling of Vision Transformers (ViTs). Re ViT leverages the strengths of both architectures within the MIL framework, enabling a robust and accurate approach for BCLC staging. We will further explore the trade-off between performance and interpretability by employing TopK Pooling strategies, as our model focuses on the most informative instances within each bag.

关键词： Visualization Accuracy Three-dimensional displays Liver Transformers Planning Convolutional neural networks Context modeling Biomedical imaging Tumors

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A BCLC Staging System for Hepatocellular Carcinoma using Swin Transformer and CT Imaging

A BCLC Staging System for Hepatocellular Carcinoma using Swi...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： Shun-Cheng Chang Pochuang Wang Weichung Wang Tung-Hung Su Jia-Horng Kao Che Lin Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering National Taiwan University (NTU) Taipei Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering NTU Taipei Taiwan NTU Institute of Applied Mathematical Sciences Taipei Taiwan Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology National Taiwan University Hospital Taipei Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering NTU Taipei Taiwan NTU Center for Advanced Computing and Imaging in Biomedicine Taipei Taiwan NTU Smart Medicine and Health Informatics Program Taipei Taiwan

ISBN: (数字)9798350371499

ISBN: (纸本)9798350371505

The Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging system plays a crucial role in clinical planning, offering valuable insights for effectively managing hepatocellular carcinoma. Accurate prediction of BCLC stages can significantly ease the workload on radiologists. However, few datasets are explicitly designed for discerning BCLC stages. Despite the common practice of appending BCLC labels to clinical data within datasets, the inherent imbalance in BCLC distribution is further amplified by the diverse purposes for which datasets are curated. In this study, we aim to develop a BCLC staging system using the advanced Swin Transformer model. Additionally, we explore the integration of two datasets, each originally intended for separate objectives, highlighting the critical challenge of preserving class distribution in practical study designs. This exploration is pivotal for ensuring the applicability of our developed staging system in the designed clinical settings. Our resulting BCLC staging system demonstrates an accuracy of 55.81% (±7.8%), contributing to advancing medical image-based research for predicting BCLC stages.

关键词： Liver cancer Accuracy Computed tomography Biological system modeling Transformers Planning Biomedical imaging

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