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作者： Cao, Xian-Bin Qiao, Hong Keane, John IEEE Department of Computer Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Software in Computing and Communication Hefei 230026 China Laboratory of Complex Systems and Intelligent Science Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China School of Informatics University of Manchester M60 1QD Manchester United Kingdom University of Manchester M13 9PL Manchester United Kingdom

The ultimate purpose of a pedestrian-detection system (PDS) is to reduce pedestrian-vehicle-related injury. Most such systems tend to adopt expensive sensors, such as infrared devices, in expectation of better performance. In comparison, a low-cost optical-camera-based system has much potential practical value, including a greater detection range, and can easily be trained to detect other objects. However, such low-cost systems are difficult to design (e.g., little original information can be collected, and the scene is very complex). To address these problems, an effective and reliable classifier is needed. The classifier should have a proper structure, its features need to be well selected, and a large number of high-quality samples are necessary for training. In this paper, we present a low-cost PDS which only uses a single optical camera. We design a cascade classifier to achieve an effective and reliable detection. First, our system scans two sequential frames at each zoom scale with a sliding window. Second, with each window, both appearance and motion features are extracted. A well-trained cascade classifier, combining statistical learning with a decomposed support-vector-machine classifier, then determines whether the window contains a human body. At the same time, to provide as much information as possible about the pedestrian, a small-scale weighted template tree trained by a coevolutionary algorithm is adopted to identify each pedestrian's direction, and the distance of each from the vehicle is also provided using an estimation algorithm. During the training procedure, we select key features by using the AdaBoost algorithm and a large number of high-quality samples. Experimental results demonstrate that the system is suitable for pedestrian detection in city traffic: The detection speed is more than 10 ft/s, the detection rate reaches 80%, and the false positive rate is no more than 0.3‰. © 2008 IEEE.

关键词： Pedestrian safety

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Integrating fingerprint with cryptosystem for internet-based live pay-TV system

Integrating fingerprint with cryptosystem for internet-based...

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International Conference on Communications and Networking in China (CHINACOM)

作者： Shuhui Hou Tetsutaro Uehara Takashi Satoh Yoshitaka Morimura Michihiko Minoh Department of Intelligence Science and Technology Graduate School of Informatics Kyoto University Japan Acdemic Center for Computing and Media Studies Kyoto University Japan Department of Information and Media Engineering Faculty of Enviromental Engineering University of Kitakyushu Japan

In the last few years, live pay-TV system via Internet has come to be established with the development of broadband network. To develop such a system, a mechanism for content protection is required. In this paper, a new architecture integrating fingerprint with cryptosystem is proposed to protect contents from unauthorized access and illegal redistribution. We describe a scheme integrating anti-collusion code and home page public-key cryptosystem. The proposed scheme is shown feasible and realistic for implementing with respect to computation/communication cost.

关键词： Fingerprint recognition Internet Protection Data security Multimedia systems Public key cryptography IP networks Computational efficiency Broadcasting Intelligent networks

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Emotion in HCI - Designing for people 22

Emotion in HCI - Designing for people

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22nd British HCI Group Annual Conference on People and Computers: Culture, Creativity, Interaction, BCS HCI 2008

作者： Peter, Christian Crane, Elizabeth Fabri, Marc Agius, Harry Axelrod, Lesley Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Human-Centered Interaction Technologies Germany University of Michigan Division of Kinesiology Ann ArborMI48108 United States Leeds Met University Faculty of Information and Technology LeedsLS6 3QS United Kingdom Brunel University School of Information Systems Computing and Mathematics St John's Middlesex United Kingdom Interact Lab Dept Informatics University of Sussex BrightonBN1 9QH United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9781906124069

As computing is changing and becoming increasingly social in nature, the role of emotions in computing has become ever more relevant and commercial. Emotions are central to culture, creativity, and interaction. The topic attracts more and more researchers from a range of multidisciplinary fields including design, gaming, sensor technologies, psychology and sociology. The need for discussion, exchange of ideas, and interdisciplinary collaboration is ever-increasing as the community grows. This workshop will meet requirements of individuals working in the field, giving them a podium to explore different aspects of emotion in HCI, raise questions and network with like-minded people on common subjects. The workshop will focus around working group sessions, and will use predominantly small group work, rather than being presentation-based. © 2008 The Author Published by the British Computer Society.

关键词： Human computer interaction

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802.11 disassociation DoS attack simulation using verilog

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WSEAS Transactions on Communications 2008年第3期7卷 198-206页

作者： Aslam, Baber Akhlaq, Monis Khan, Shoab A. Computer Science Department School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Central Florida Orlando FL 32816 United States Mobile Computing Networks and Security Research Group School of Informatics University of Bradford Bradford BD7 1DP United Kingdom Computer Engineering Department College of E and M Engineering National University of Science and Technology Tamizuddin Road Rawalpindi Pakistan

A number of Denial of Service (DoS) attacks in IEEE 802.11 are due to unauthenticated/unencrypted management and control frames. Current IEEE 802.11 simulators deal with Physical and MAC layers and do not include the exchange of management and control frames, thus making it difficult to simulate an attack (DoS) and its possible solution. A basic IEEE 802.11 network simulator using Verilog is presented. Basic aim is to design a simulator using a hardware description language (HDL) such as Verilog, since the functions and protocols described in state machines are best simulated using a HDL. Besides simulation of a simple wireless network, the paper also presents simulation of a spoofed MAC disassociation DoS attack and one of its possible solutions. The proposed simulator includes the communication setup process and can be used for simulating other DoS attacks and their possible solutions.

关键词： Network security

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Performance evaluation of IEEE 802.1x authentication methods and recommended usage

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WSEAS Transactions on Communications 2008年第3期7卷 133-143页

作者： Akhlaq, Monis Aslam, Baber Khan, Muzammil A. Mellor, John Jafri, M. Noman Awan, Irfan Mobile Computing Networks and Security Research Group School of Informatics University of Bradford Bradford BD7 1DP United Kingdom Computer Science Department School of Electrical Engg. and Computer Science University of Central Florida Orlando FL 32816 United States Information Security Department College of Signals National University of Science and Technology Tamizuddin Road Rawalpindi Pakistan Electrical Engineering Department College of Signals National University of Science and Technology Tamizuddin Road Rawalpindi Pakistan

The wide spread acceptance of IEEE WLANs is a result of industrial standardization to ensure product compatibility and reliability among various manufacturers. Several WLANs solutions are available with varying characteristics and interoperability. The IEEE Standard 802.11 is one of the most widely adopted mechanisms for wireless LANs. It defines both physical (PHY) and medium access control (MAC) layer protocol however;it provides limited data confidentiality and has cumbersome procedure for key exchange. In response IEEE introduced a port based network access control standard 802.1x to authenticate and authorize devices interconnected various IEEE 802 LANs. 802.1x only defines authentication not the actual authentication method which allows the developers to construct their own algorithm and consequently a lot of wireless vendors implemented their own 802.1x adaptation such as MD5 Message Digest 5, TLS (Transport Layer Security), TTLS (Tunneled TLS), PEAP (Protected Extensible Authentication Protocol), LEAP (Lightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol) and others. This versatility in 802.1x adaptations has made it difficult for the WLANs users to choose an appropriate mechanism in relation to performance and security of networks. An effort has been made in [1] to carry out comparative analysis of IEEE authentication methods in different security combinations. This work supplements the efforts cited in [1] and incorporates more results in added network configurations. The paper finally recommends the users an appropriate IEEE authentication methods depending upon the need, requirements and security concerns.

关键词： Authentication

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The Importance of Biometric Sensor Continuous Secure Monitoring

The Importance of Biometric Sensor Continuous Secure Monitor...

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International Conference on Digital Information Management (ICDIM)

作者： Alexandras Papanicolaou Christos Ilioudis Christos K. Georgiadis Elias Pimenidis Dept. of Computer & Communication Engineering University of Thessaly Volos Greece Dept. of Information Technology Technical Educational Institute of Thessaloniki Greece Dept. of Applied Informatics University of Macedonia Thessaloniki Greece School of Computing and Technology University of East London United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9781424429165

The security of a biometric information system depends partially on the ability of the biometric information sensor to authenticate itself securely to the processing centre it usually interacts with, thus ensuring that the securely transmitted biometric data has not been constructed by an attacker. The biometric sensors of a biometric information system are often physically exposed to potential adversaries who may manipulate them and therefore compromise the security of the system. Such attacks can be detected by continuous and secure sensor monitoring. The proposed scheme is based on the Kerberos protocol for dealing with sensor authentication issues. Using authenticated control/data packets its functionality has been extended to provide secure sensor monitoring, which can help in detecting physical attacks on the sensor itself.

关键词： Sensors Biometric Information Accidents,emergencies and safety Secure Computer based information systems Security Kerberos

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Bootstrapping morphological analysis of Gĩkũyũ using unsupervised maximum entropy learning

Bootstrapping morphological analysis of Gĩkũyũ using unsu...

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8th Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association, Interspeech 2007

作者： De Pauw, Guy Wagacha, Peter Waiganjo CNTS - Language Technology Group University of Antwerp Belgium School of Computing and Informatics University of Nairobi Kenya

ISBN: (纸本)9781605603162

This paper describes a proof-of-the-principle experiment in which maximum entropy learning is used for the automatic induction of shallow morphological features for the resource-scarce Bantu language of Gĩkũyũ. This novel approach circumvents the limitations of typical unsupervised morphological induction methods that employ minimum-edit distance metrics to establish morphological similarity between words. The experimental results show that the unsupervised maximum entropy learning approach compares favorably to those of the established AutoMorphology method.

关键词： Maximum entropy methods

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Secure Tropos: A security-oriented extension of the Tropos methodology

Secure Tropos: A security-oriented extension of the Tropos m...

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作者： Mouratidis, Haralambos Giorgini, Paolo Innovative Informatics School of Computing and Technology University of East London United Kingdom Department of Information and Communication Technology University of Trento Italy

Although security plays an important role in the development of multiagent systems, a careful analysis of software development processes shows that the definition of security requirements is, usually considered after the design of the system. One of the reasons is the fact that agent oriented software engineering methodologies have not integrated security concerns throughout their developing stages. The integration of security concerns during the whole range of the development stages can help in the development of more secure multiagent systems. In this paper we introduce extensions to the Tropos methodology to enable it to model security concerns throughout the whole development process. A description of the new concepts and modelling activities is given together with a discussion on how these concepts and modelling activities are integrated to the current stages of Tropos. A real life case study from the health and social care sector is used to illustrate the approach. © World Scientific Publishing Company.

关键词： Security of data

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Development phases of a generic data mining life cycle (DMLC)

Development phases of a generic data mining life cycle (DMLC...

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2007 International Conference on Software Engineering Theory and Practice, SETP 2007

作者： Hofmann, Markus Tierney, Brendan Department of Informatics Institute of Technology Blanchardstown Dublin 15 Ireland School of Computing Dublin Institute of Technology Kevin Street Dublin 8 Ireland

ISBN: (纸本)9781615677221

Data mining projects are complex and have a high failure rate. In order to improve project management and success rates of such projects a life cycle is vital to the overall success of the project. This paper reports on a research project that was concerned with the life cycle development for large scale data mining projects. The paper provides a detailed view of the design and development of a generic data mining life cycle called DMLC. The life cycle aims to support all members of data mining project teams as well as IT managers and academic researchers and can improve project success rates and strategic decision support. An extensive analysis of eight life cycles leads to a list of advantages, disadvantages, and characteristics of the life cycles. This is extended and generates a conglomerate of several guidelines which serve as the foundation for the development of a new generic data mining life cycle. The new life cycle is further developed to incorporate process, people and data aspects respectively. A detailed study of the human resources involved in a data mining project enhances the DMLC.

关键词： Life cycle

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Multiple-valued logic circuits design using negative differential resistance devices

Multiple-valued logic circuits design using negative differe...

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作者： Berezowski, Krzysztof S. Vrudhula, Sarma B. K. Wroclaw University of Technology Wroclaw Poland School of Computing and Informatics Ira A. Fulton School of Engineering Arizona State University 85281 Tempe AZ United States

In this paper, we present a novel multiple-valued logic circuits design style based on negative differential resistance (NDR) devices and the monostable-to-multistable transition logic (MML) operating principle. We introduce an innovative topology that considerably enhances the design space of MML circuits thus provides more functionality achievable within an atomic multiple-valued circuit. The functional correctness of the design has been proved by numerical simulations using PSpice. © 2007 Old City Publishing. Inc.

关键词： Logic circuits

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