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Optimizing Secure Multi-User ISAC Systems With STAR-RIS: A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach for 6G Networks

IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 31472-31484页

作者： Kamal, Mian Muhammad Zain Ul Abideen, Syed Al-Khasawneh, M.A. Alabrah, Amerah Sohail Ahmed Larik, Raja Irfan Marwat, Muhammad Southeast University School of Electronic Science and Engineering Jiangning Jiangsu Nanjing211189 China Qingdao University College of Computer Science and Technology Qingdao266071 China Al-Ahliyya Amman University Hourani Center for Applied Scientific Research Amman19111 Jordan Skyline University College School of Computing University City Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates King Saud University College of Computer and Information Science Department of Information Systems Riyadh11543 Saudi Arabia Ilma University Department of Computer Science Sindh Karachi75190 Pakistan University of Science and Technology Bannu Department of Software Engineering Bannu28100 Pakistan

The rapid evolution of wireless communication technologies and the increasing demand for multi-functional systems have led to the emergence of integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) as a key enabler for future 6G networks. Simultaneously transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (STAR-RISs) have recently garnered significant attention for their ability to enhance signal coverage and improve system efficiency. This paper investigates a STAR-RIS-assisted ISAC system designed to secure communication for multiple legitimate users (LUs) while safeguarding against multiple eavesdroppers (Eves). By jointly optimizing the base station (BS) transmit beamforming, STAR-RIS transmission and reflection coefficients, and receive filters, the proposed framework aims to maximize the long-term average secrecy rate for all LUs. Constraints are imposed to ensure minimum echo signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) for sensing and meet the achievable rate requirements of LUs. To address the inherent complexity of this non-convex problem, two deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithms are proposed. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed system achieves significant improvements in secrecy rate compared to conventional RIS setups. This work provides a scalable and efficient approach for secure multi-user ISAC systems, making it highly relevant for future 6G networks, smart cities, and IoT applications. © 2025 The Authors.

关键词： Deep reinforcement learning

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Improved quantum linear system solver via quantum phase discrimination

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The European Physical Journal Special Topics 2025年 1-11页

作者： Liu, Zihao Li, Guanzhong Li, Lvzhou Institute of Quantum Computing and Software School of Computer Science and Engineering Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China Quantum Science Center of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (Guangdong) Shenzhen China

The problem of solving linear systems is of great significance in both theory and practice, for which quantum solvers have been shown to provide an exponential speedup over the best-known classical solvers. Recently, a quantum linear system solver has been developed with the state-of-the-art complexity [1], which combines two techniques, namely, discrete adiabatic evolution and eigenstate filtering. However, the parameters of the quantum circuit for eigenstate filtering need to be precomputed classically via the discrete Fourier transform, which introduces additional computational overhead. In this paper, we improve the solver by presenting a new eigenstate filtering process termed quantum phase discrimination in which the circuit parameters are given directly in a concise and analytical form with negligible classical overhead, while maintaining the same quantum complexity.

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The Impact of Transformer Models and Regression Algorithms on Automated Short Answer Grading

The Impact of Transformer Models and Regression Algorithms o...

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Advances in Electrical, computing, Communication and Sustainable Technologies (ICAECT), International Conference on

作者： Abhijith. N. Nampoothiri M. G. Thushara Pradeesh. N Anand Krishna K. R Abhai Santhosh Abhijith Kumar S Suryan Kumar Department of Computer Science and Applications Amrita School of Computing Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Amritapuri India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Amrita School of Computing Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Amritapuri India Omnex Software Solutions Pvt. Ltd Chennai India

ISBN: (数字)9798350356236

ISBN: (纸本)9798350356243

Grading short answer questions in higher education often poses significant challenges due to its subjective nature and time-consuming process. As educational institutions expand, the need for efficient and objective grading solutions becomes critical. This paper investigates the use of machine learning and natural language processing to automate the evaluation of short answer responses. Our study employs a two-phase methodology: first, several transformer models—including BERT, Sentence-BERT, T5, Genism, and XLNet—are used to transform text into numerical representations. In the second phase, various regression techniques, such as Linear Regression, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest, and AdaBoost, are applied to these representations to estimate scores. Our findings indicate that the combination of the BERT model with Random Forest performs the best, demonstrating superior accuracy with the lowest error metrics. This optimal model pairing is proposed for integration into the Ample Learning Management System (LMS) to enhance grading efficiency and provide quicker, more reliable feedback. The significant implications of this research provides teachers with a robust tool for automated grading, which can enhance the educational experience by delivering timely and accurate evaluations.

关键词： Support vector machines Measurement Accuracy Education Forestry Transforms Transformers Numerical models Reliability Random forests

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A lightweight approach for accurate detection of pipeline weld defects

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Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation 2025年

作者： Wang, Guansheng Luo, Renze Zeng, Xingjie Ni, Peng School of Computer Science and Software Engineering Southwest Petroleum University Sichuan Chengdu China School of Electrical Information Southwest Petroleum University Sichuan Chengdu China College of Computing Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA United States

Pipeline welding is essential in oil and gas transport, where weld quality determines pipeline safety and reliability. Although deep neural networks excel at automated weld defect detection, many models are heavy and demand high computation, hindering real-time industrial use. We propose a lightweight weld defect detection framework based on an improved YOLOv8n architecture, incorporating three innovations. First, a FasterNet-inspired feature extraction and fusion module (C2f-FCG) preserves channel information while significantly reducing computational load. Second, a re-parameterisable GhostNet-based convolution module (RGE) generates redundant feature maps through cost-efficient operations, achieving substantial parameter compression and lower computation. Third, a detail-enhanced shared convolution detection head (DetectLSC) improves feature consistency and boosts detection accuracy. Experiments show that our approach reduces parameters and computational load by 63% and 51%, respectively, compared to the baseline, while increasing average detection accuracy by around 2%. Comparative tests on public datasets validate robust generalisation across diverse defect scenarios. Deployment on standard industrial GPUs confirms real-time inference speeds, highlighting its field practicality. These results demonstrate that our lightweight model effectively balances efficiency and accuracy, making it well-suited for real-time industrial weld defect detection. © 2025 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

关键词： Deep neural networks

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MBF-DTI: A Fused Multi-dimensional Biochemical Feature-Based Drug Target Prediction Method Based on Heterogeneous Graph Attention Networks 10th

MBF-DTI: A Fused Multi-dimensional Biochemical Feature-Based...

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10th China Health Information Processing Conference, CHIP 2024

作者： Zhao, Haixue Yao, Kui Liu, Yunjiong Che, Chao Tang, Lin Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Intelligent Computing Ministry of Education Dalian University Dalian116622 China School of Software Engineering Dalian University Dalian116622 China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819637515

Drug-target interaction prediction help reduce the cost and time of drug development. However, existing research often overlooks the complexity of biological interactions. To address this issue, this paper proposes a DTI prediction model that integrates multi-dimensional biochemical features. Specifically, the model utilizes a heterogeneous graph attention network to capture the topological relationships among biological entities from diverse data, providing a deep understanding of the interactions among drugs, proteins, diseases, and side effects. A molecular attention Transformer network and a CBiNet module are used to extract the key structural features of drugs and targets. By automatically optimizing the weight distribution between drugs and targets, the model enhances the information transfer during network training, significantly improving model performance. Experimental results on real-world datasets demonstrate that the proposed model outperforms the current state-of-the-art methods in the field. Among the top 50 novel COVID-19 therapeutic drugs predicted by our model, 30 have been supported by clinical trials or scientific literature, further demonstrating the effectiveness of our proposed method in drug repurposing. Experimental data and supplementary materials are available online at: https://***/Eadog/MBF-DTI. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： COVID-19

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Error Classification of Large Language Models on Math Word Problems: A Dynamically Adaptive Framework

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Sun, Yuhong Yin, Zhangyue Huang, Xuanjing Qiu, Xipeng Zhao, Hui Software Engineering Institute East China Normal University China School of Computer Science Fudan University China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Trustworthy Computing Shanghai China

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across various domains. Math Word Problems (MWPs) serve as a crucial benchmark for evaluating LLMs’ reasoning abilities. While most research primarily focuses on improving accuracy, it often neglects understanding and addressing the underlying patterns of errors. Current error classification methods rely on static and predefined categories, which limit their ability to capture the full spectrum of error patterns in mathematical reasoning. To enable systematic error analysis, we collect error samples from 15 different LLMs of varying sizes across four distinct MWP datasets using multiple sampling strategies. Based on this extensive collection, we introduce MWPES-300K, a comprehensive dataset containing 304,865 error samples that cover diverse error patterns and reasoning paths. To reduce human bias and enable fine-grained analysis of error patterns, we propose a novel framework for automated dynamic error classification in mathematical reasoning. Experimental results demonstrate that dataset characteristics significantly shape error patterns, which evolve from basic to complex manifestations as model capabilities increase. With deeper insights into error patterns, we propose error-aware prompting that incorporates common error patterns as explicit guidance, leading to significant improvements in mathematical reasoning performance. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Systematic errors

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DINOv2-powered Few-Shot Semantic Segmentation: A Unified Framework via Cross-Model Distillation and 4D Correlation Mining

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Zhuo, Wei Tang, Zhiyue Xue, Wufeng Ding, Hao Shen, Linlin School of Artificial Intelligence Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China National Engineering Laboratory of Big Data System Computing Technology Shenzhen University China School of Biomedical Engineering Shenzhen University Medical School Shenzhen University China School of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University China

Few-shot semantic segmentation has gained increasing interest due to its generalization capability, i.e., segmenting pixels of novel classes requiring only a few annotated images. Prior work has focused on meta-learning for support-query matching, with extensive development in both prototype-based and aggregation-based methods. To address data scarcity, recent approaches have turned to foundation models to enhance representation transferability for novel class segmentation. Among them, a hybrid dual-modal framework including both DINOv2 and SAM has garnered attention due to their complementary capabilities. We wonder "can we build a unified model with knowledge from both foundation models?" To this end, we propose FS-DINO, with only DINOv2’s encoder and a lightweight segmenter. The segmenter features a bottleneck adapter, a meta-visual prompt generator based on dense similarities and semantic embeddings, and a decoder. Through coarse-to-fine cross-model distillation, we effectively integrate SAM’s knowledge into our lightweight segmenter, which can be further enhanced by 4D correlation mining on support-query pairs. Extensive experiments on COCO-20i, PASCAL-5i, and FSS-1000 demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of our method. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Semantic Segmentation

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Transparent AI for Adaptive Fraud Detection 19

Transparent AI for Adaptive Fraud Detection

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19th International Conference on Ubiquitous Information Management and Communication, IMCOM 2025

作者： Agomuo, Okechukwu Clement Uzoma, Agomuo Kingsley Khan, Zohaib Otuomasirichi, Agomuo Ijeoma Muzamal, Junaid Hussain Department of Operations and Information Systems University of Utah Salt Lake City United States Center for Environmental Management and Green Energy University of Nigeria Enugu Nigeria Dept. of Software Engineering FAST NUCES Lahore Pakistan Department of Agricultural Economics University of Nigeria Enugu Nigeria Fast School of Computing Fast NUCES Lahore Pakistan

ISBN: (纸本)9798331507817

The rapid evolution of digital financial services has significantly increased the vulnerability of financial systems to fraudulent activities. Traditional machine learning models have offered substantial progress in detecting fraudulent transactions;however, they often lack adaptability and transparency, critical for dynamic financial environments and regulatory compliance. This paper introduces a novel approach that integrates Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) with Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) to enhance fraud detection capabilities in cloud-based financial platforms. Our model, tested on the synthetic PaySim mobile money transaction dataset, leverages the adaptive nature of DRL to continuously learn and update its fraud detection strategies based on evolving transaction patterns. Concurrently, the integration of XAI provides clear, interpretable insights into the decision-making process, thus ensuring transparency and building trust. The proposed model demonstrates superior performance with an achieved accuracy of 99.5% and an F1-score of 99.0%, significantly outperforming traditional fraud detection systems. These results not only underscore the efficacy of our model in improving the accuracy of fraud detection but also highlight its capability in offering significant improvements in understanding the underlying reasons for each decision, thereby aiding compliance with financial regulations. The practical implications of this research highlight its potential to provide a robust, scalable, and transparent solution for real-time fraud detection, which is essential for safeguarding the integrity of modern financial systems. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Decentralized finance

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Data-Driven Decision Management: Multi-Modal Analytics in a Health Case Study 19

Data-Driven Decision Management: Multi-Modal Analytics in a ...

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19th International Conference on Ubiquitous Information Management and Communication, IMCOM 2025

作者： Agomuo, Okechukwu Clement Khan, Zohaib Otuomasirichi, Agomuo Ijeoma Uzoma, Agomuo Kingsley Muzamal, Junaid Hussain Department of Operations and Information Systems University of Utah Salt Lake City United States Dept. of Software Engineering FAST NUCES Lahore Pakistan Department of Agricultural Economics University of Nigeria Enugu Nigeria Center for Environmental Management and Green Energy University of Nigeria Enugu Nigeria Fast School of Computing Fast NUCES Lahore Pakistan

ISBN: (纸本)9798331507817

In an era where data is abundant yet underutilized, organizations across various sectors face challenges in extracting actionable insights from complex, multi-modal datasets. To address these challenges, this study proposes a versatile data analytics framework designed to enhance predictive accuracy and support informed decision-making. The framework integrates structured and unstructured data, leveraging advanced Transformer architectures to capture temporal dynamics and complex interactions within the data. In a healthcare use case, the framework demonstrated its effectiveness by achieving an Accuracy of 0.854, an F1-Score of 0.895, and an AUC-ROC of 0.930, significantly outperforming traditional models. By incorporating SHAP for interpretability, the framework ensures that its predictions are both accurate and transparent, making it a valuable tool for decision-makers. While healthcare is one application, the framework’s flexibility allows it to be adapted to a wide range of industries. Future work will focus on validating the framework across different sectors and integrating it into operational workflows to optimize decision-making and outcomes. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Electronic health record

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A refined methodology for small object detection: Multi-scale feature extraction and cross-stage feature fusion network

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Digital Signal Processing: A Review Journal 2025年 164卷

作者： Bian, Deng Tang, Mingwei Ling, Miaogui Xu, Haowen Lv, Shixuan Tang, Qi Hu, Jie School of Computer and Software Engineering Xihua University Chengdu610039 China School of Computing and Artificial Intelligence Southwest Jiaotong University Sichuan Province Chengdu611756 China

In recent years, object detection has become a prominent area in computer vision, witnessing significant advancements. While modern detectors can tackle small objects, they still face challenges in feature extraction and fusion during the detection process. The limited representation of small objects hampers the model's ability to discern discriminative information crucial for subsequent tasks. To address this issue, we introduce the Multi-Scale Feature Extraction and Cross-Stage Feature Fusion Network (MCFN) for small object detection. By obtaining abundant multi-scale feature information, MCFN can improve the effectiveness of small object detection. Initially, a Multi-Scale Feature Extraction module (MSFE) is introduced to capture target object features at various scales, providing high-quality feature information for subsequent processing. Secondly, for feature fusion, a Cross-Stage Feature Pyramid Network (CSFPN) is employed to merge feature maps across different layers, enabling the model to leverage abstract information from higher-level feature maps and detailed information from lower-level feature maps. Finally, experimental results on the VisDrone-DET2019 and constellation datasets confirm MCFN's superior performance in small object detection, outperforming mainstream detectors. © 2025

关键词： Feature extraction

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