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Design, Automation and Test in Europe Conference and Exhibition

作者： Boyan Chen Qingni Shen Lei Xue Jiarui She Xiaolei Zhang Xiapu Luo Xin Zhang Wei Chen Zhonghai Wu School of Software and Microelectronic Peking University National Engineering Research Center for Software Engineering Peking University School of Cyber Science and Technology Sun Yat-sen University Department of Computing The Hong Kong Polytechnic University

ISBN: (数字)9783982674100

ISBN: (纸本)9798331534646

Connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) operate in open and evolving environments, which require timely and adaptive permission restriction to address dynamic risks that arise from changes in environmental situations (hereinafter referred to as situations), such as emergency situations due to vehicle crashes. Enforcing situation-aware access control is an effective approach to support adaptive permission restriction. Current works mainly implement situation-aware access control in the permission framework and API monitoring in user space. They are vulnerable to being bypassed and are coarse-grained. Autonomous systems have widely adopted mandatory access control (MAC) to configure and enforce system-wide and fine-grained access control policies. However, the MA $C$ supported by Linux security modules (LSM) relies on predefined security contexts (e.g., type) and relatively fixed permission transition conditions (e.g., exec syscall), which lacks consideration of environmental factors. To address these issues, we propose a Situation-aware Access Control framework in the Kernel (SACK), which enforces adaptive permission restriction based on environmental factors for CAVs. Incorporating environmental situations into the LSM framework is not straightforward. SACK introduces situation states as a new security context for abstracting environmental factors in the kernel. Subsequently, SACK utilizes a situation state machine to implement new adaptive permission transitions triggered by situation events. In addition, SACK provides a novel situation-aware policy language that links specific user space permissions to MAC rules while maintaining compatibility with other LSMs such as AppArmor. We develop two prototypes: an independent SACK with its own policies and a SACK-enhanced AppArmor that adaptively updates the corresponding policies of AppArmor. The experimental results demonstrate that SACK can efficiently enforce situation-adaptive permissions with negliaible runtime ove

关键词： Access control Connected vehicles Runtime Linux Prototypes Environmental factors Kernel Vehicle dynamics Autonomous vehicles Monitoring

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HybridFL: Hybrid Approach Toward Privacy-Preserving Federated Learning 6th

HybridFL: Hybrid Approach Toward Privacy-Preserving Federate...

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6th International Conference on Security and Privacy in New computing Environments, SPNCE 2023

作者： Ali, Sheraz Mamoon, Saqib Usman, Areeba Abidin, Zain ul Zhao, Chuan School of Information Science and Engineering University of Jinan Jinan250022 China School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing210094 China University of Sargodha Sargodha Pakistan Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Network-Based Intelligent Computing University of Jinan Jinan250022 China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Software Engineering University of Jinan Jinan250022 China

ISBN: (纸本)9783031736988

In this study, we introduce a novel Hybrid Federated Learning (HybridFL) approach aimed at enhancing privacy and accuracy in collaborative machine learning scenarios. Our methodology integrates Differential Privacy (DP) and secret sharing techniques to address inference risks during training and protect against information leakage in the output model. Drawing inspiration from recent advances, we present a HybridFL framework that combines the strengths of Homomorphic Encryption (HE) and Multi-Party Computation (MPC) to achieve secure computation without the computational overhead of pure HE methods. Our contributions include a privacy-preserving design for Federated Learning (FL) that ensures local data privacy through secret sharing while leveraging DP mechanisms for noise addition. The system offers resilience against unreliable participants and is evaluated using various machine learning models, including Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Multi-Layer Perceptrons (MLP), and linear regression. Furthermore, we address potential external threats by deploying predictive model outputs as robust services against inference attacks. Experimental results demonstrate improved accuracy and convergence speed, establishing the viability of HybridFL as an effective solution for collaborative machine learning with enhanced privacy guarantees. © ICST Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications engineering 2025.

关键词： Federated learning

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An Overview of Security Threats, Attack Detection and Defense for Large-Scale Multi-Agent Systems (LSMAS) in Internet of Things (IoT)

IEEE Transactions on Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems

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IEEE Transactions on Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems 2025年 3卷 70-81页

作者： Cai, Jijing Wen, Long Feng, Hailin Fang, Kai Chen, Junxin Wei, Wei Wang, Wei Zhejiang A and F University College of Mathematics and Computer Science Hangzhou311300 China Macau University of Science and Technology School of Innovation Engineering Macau999078 China Dalian University of Technology School of Software Dalian116621 China Xi'an University of Technology School of Computer Science and Engineering Xi'an710048 China Beijing Institute of Technology School of Medical Technology Beijing100081 China Artificial Intelligence Research Institute Shenzhen MSU-BIT University Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Emotion Intelligence and Pervasive Computing Shenzhen518172 China

With the global advancement of the Internet of Things (IoT), large-scale multi-agent systems (LSMAS) technology has been increasingly adopted across various industries. Despite the widespread use of IoT, vulnerabilities in its software and hardware components pose significant challenges to ensuring security. To address the security concerns faced by LSMAS, this article explores its application in IoT domains such as smart grids, smart manufacturing, and smart healthcare. By examining the structural layers of IoT-the perception layer, network layer, and application layer-this paper analyzes the specific security threats encountered by each layer, along with the defense strategies designed to counter these attacks. Furthermore, we categorize and compare both traditional and AI-based attack detection methods, dividing the latter into machine learning-based, deep learning-based, and transfer learning-based approaches. This analysis highlights the strengths and weaknesses of the various attack detection methods currently deployed in LSMAS, identifying the existing challenges they face. Finally, we outline potential trends for the future development of LSMAS in IoT, offering research directions for experts in related fields. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Multi agent systems

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Evaluating the Generalizability of LLMs in Automated Program Repair

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Li, Fengjie Jiang, Jiajun Sun, Jiajun Zhang, Hongyu College of Intelligence and and Computing Tianjin University Tianjin China School of Big Data and Software Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing China

LLM-based automated program repair methods have attracted significant attention for their state-of-the-art performance. However, they were primarily evaluated on a few well-known datasets like Defects4J, raising questions about their effectiveness on new datasets. In this study, we evaluate 11 top-performing LLMs on DEFECTS4J-TRANS, a new dataset derived from transforming Defects4J while maintaining the original semantics. Results from experiments on both Defects4J and DEFECTS4J-TRANS show that all studied LLMs have limited generalizability in APR tasks, with the average number of correct and plausible patches decreasing by 49.48% and 42.90%, respectively, on DEFECTS4J-TRANS. Further investigation into incorporating additional repair-relevant information in repair prompts reveals that, although this information significantly enhances the LLMs’ capabilities (increasing the number of correct and plausible patches by up to 136.67% and 121.82%, respectively), performance still falls short of their original results. This indicates that prompt engineering alone is insufficient to substantially enhance LLMs’ repair capabilities. Based on our study, we also offer several recommendations for future research. © 2025, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Repair

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Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Multiple-Choice Questions and Answers Generation

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Procedia Computer Science 2025年 259卷 504-511页

作者： Pradeesh N Remya T MG Thushara K Arun Krishna Pranav V Department of Computer Science and Engineering Amrita School of Computing Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Amritapuri India Omnex Software Solutions Pvt. Ltd Thoraipakkam Chennai India Department of Computer Science and Applications Amrita School of Computing Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Amritapuri India

Generating a large volume of diverse questions for educational purposes can be a challenging and time-consuming task for educators. Traditional methods like manually writing questions or using templates often fall short when it comes to variety and relevance. In order to cope with these di ffi culties, we have examined a di ff erent approach adopting Retrieval-Augmented Generation ( RAG). RAG is an enhancement technique that allows retrieving independent documents and combines it with artificial intelligence that is able to qualitatively generate contextually adequate questions. In this research, RAG was employed through the Ample LMS platform in which PDF documents were the source of generating MCQ questions. The results of the research indicate that with this method, the process of formulating the questions is relatively faster and the questions generated are of better and diverse in nature. With RAG, the burden of constructing questions is lessened for teachers and the students are provided with better interactive learning opportunities. This approach presents a better alternative that is flexible and suitable for various educational requirements, demonstrating the e ff ectiveness of AI in the improvement of the learning and teaching processes.

关键词： RAG Education Question Generation LLM

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MCDS: An Effective Multi-UAV Collaborative Decision-Making System in Mobile Edge computing Networks

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年

作者： Xiong, Naixue Zhong, Weiyu Chen, Yuxiang He, Dacheng Li, Yuhui Chen, Linshu Liang, Wei Sanya Research Institute of Hunan University of Science and Technology School of Computer Science and Engineering Hunan University of Science and Technology Hunan Key Laboratory for Service Computing and Novel Software Technology China Sanya Research Institute of Hunan University of Science and Technology Hunan University School of Computer Science and Engineering Hunan University of Science and Technology Hunan Key Laboratory for Service Computing and Novel Software Technology School of Information Science and Engineering China The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Department of Computing Hong Kong

Mobile Edge computing (MEC) pushes computing resources from the network center to the network edge to provide efficient and reliable computing services. However, due to the mobility and diversity of mobile users (MUs), edge servers (ESs) are likely to be overloaded, which leads to a rapid decline in the quality of service provided by the MEC system. This paper introduces unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to solve the problem of ES overload. This paper presents an effective Multi-UAV Collaborative Decision-Making System (MCDS) tailored to optimize task offloading and resource allocation in MEC networks. The proposed system seeks to reduce task computing delays and energy consumption while guaranteeing timely task completion and compliance with resource constraints. We design a distributed two-stage optimization algorithm to jointly optimize the task offloading decision and resource allocation of the collaborative computing system (UAVs, ESs, and MUs). To address the flight cooperation problem of multi-UAVs, we also proposed a task-aware scheduling algorithm for multi-UAVs. In addition, we conducted a large number of simulation experiments. Experimental results show that our two-stage optimization scheme is lower than other benchmark algorithms in terms of task completion delay, energy consumption and total cost of objective function. Specifically, compared with seven baseline algorithms under three different system setting scenarios, our algorithm reduces the total cost by an average of 38.79%, the energy consumption by an average of 40.70%, and the delay by an average of 15.67%. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Drones

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CESFusion: Cross-Frequency Enhanced Spatial—Spectral Fusion Network for Hyperspectral and Multispectral Image Fusion

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IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 2025年 63卷

作者： Zhang, Haozheng Yang, Yanhong Li, Chaoyang Lu, Yanjie Zhang, Guodao Chen, Shengyong Tianjin University of Technology School of Computer Science and Engineering Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligence Computing and Novel Software Technology Tianjin300384 China School of Computer Science and Engineering Tianjin300384 China Hangzhou Dianzi University Institute of Intelligent Media Computing Hangzhou310018 China

The fusion of hyperspectral and multispectral images (MSIs) involves integrating a high spectral resolution hyperspectral image (HSI) and a high spatial resolution MSI to generate an HSI with high-resolution HSI (HR-HSI). Existing HSI-MSI fusion methods primarily focus on information fusion within the spatial domain;however, few solutions have explored the employment of frequency analysis to enhance spatial resolution, limiting their capability for global perception. In this article, we propose an efficient and novel paradigm for HSI-MSI fusion through the cross-frequency enhanced spatial-spectral fusion network, named CESFusion, exploring the complementary fusion of information between the spatial and frequency domains. Specifically, we first present the cross-frequency fusion module (CFFM) to perform global analysis through the Fourier transform (FT) and effectively integrate and enhance the frequency domain information from both HSI and MSI. Subsequently, we propose the spectral modeling module (SpeMM) based on a state space model (SMM) to capture long-range spectral dependencies with linear complexity, and integrate it with the spatial residual block-based module (SRM) for joint spatial-spectral feature extraction. Finally, to enable sufficient interaction between the spatial and frequency domains, we adopt the cross-domain interaction module (CDIM), capturing and integrating complementary information from both domains. Moreover, a frequency-based loss function is purposely designed to further improve the restoration of global information. Extensive experiments conducted on both synthetic and real datasets demonstrate the superiority of our CESFusion, as evidenced by both quantitative and qualitative evaluation results. © 1980-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Image fusion

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Idea23D: Collaborative LMM Agents Enable 3D Model Generation from Interleaved Multimodal Inputs 31

Idea23D: Collaborative LMM Agents Enable 3D Model Generation...

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31st International Conference on Computational Linguistics, COLING 2025

作者： Chen, Junhao Li, Xiang Ye, Xiaojun Li, Chao Fan, Zhaoxin Zhao, Hao Tsinghua University China Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University China School of Software and Microelectronics Peking University China College of Computer Science Zhejiang University China College of Computer Science and Technology Harbin Engineering University China Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Blockchain and Privacy Computing School of Artificial Intelligence Beihang University China

ISBN: (纸本)9798891761964

With the success of 2D diffusion models, 2D AIGC content has already transformed our lives. Recently, this success has been extended to 3D AIGC, with state-of-the-art methods generating textured 3D models from single images or text. However, we argue that current 3D AIGC methods still don't fully unleash human creativity. We often imagine 3D content made from multimodal inputs, such as what it would look like if my pet bunny were eating a doughnut on the table. In this paper, we explore a novel 3D AIGC approach: generating 3D content from IDEAs. An IDEA is a multimodal input composed of text, image, and 3D models. To our knowledge, this challenging and exciting 3D AIGC setting has not been studied before. We propose the new framework Idea23D, which combines three agents based on large multimodal models (LMMs) and existing algorithmic tools. These three LMM-based agents are tasked with prompt generation, model selection, and feedback reflection. They collaborate and critique each other in a fully automated loop, without human intervention. The framework then generates a text prompt to create 3D models that align closely with the input IDEAs. We demonstrate impressive 3D AIGC results that surpass previous methods. To comprehensively assess the 3D AIGC capabilities of Idea23D, we introduce the Eval3DAIGC-198 dataset, containing 198 multimodal inputs for 3D generation tasks. This dataset evaluates the alignment between generated 3D content and input IDEAs. Our user study and quantitative results show that Idea23D significantly improves the success rate and accuracy of 3D generation, with excellent compatibility across various LMM, Text-to-Image, and Image-to-3D models. Code and dataset are available at https://***/. © 2025 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Computational linguistics

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Palantir: Towards Efficient Super Resolution for Ultra-high-definition Live Streaming 25

Palantir: Towards Efficient Super Resolution for Ultra-high-...

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16th ACM Multimedia Systems Conference, MMSys 2025

作者： Jin, Xinqi Zhu, Zhui Sun, Xikai Dang, Fan Liu, Jiangchuan Xu, Jingao Liu, Kebin Chen, Xinlei Liu, Yunhao School of Software & BNRist Tsinghua University Beijing China Department of Automation & BNRist Tsinghua University Beijing China School of Software Engineering Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing China School of Computing Science Simon Fraser University Burnaby Canada Computer Science Department Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh United States Global Innovation Exchange Tsinghua University Beijing China Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University Shenzhen China

ISBN: (纸本)9798400714672

Neural enhancement through super-resolution (SR) deep neural networks (DNNs) opens up new possibilities for ultra-high-definition (UHD) live streaming. Yet, the heavy SR DNN inference overhead leads to severe deployment challenges. To reduce the overhead, existing systems propose to apply DNN-based SR only on carefully selected anchor frames while upscaling non-anchor frames via the lightweight reusing-based SR approach. However, frame-level scheduling is coarse-grained and fails to deliver optimal efficiency. In this work, we propose Palantír, the first neural-enhanced UHD live streaming system with fine-grained patch-level *** the core of Palantír is its SR video quality estimation strategy which guides the low-delay selection of the most beneficial anchor patches. Although existing systems propose estimation strategies for anchor frame selection, these strategies heavily rely on empirical insights that cannot be transferred to our context, making fine-grained scheduling a challenging problem that requires a fundamentally new solution. Facing the challenge, we follow the first-principles approach and derive a directed acyclic graph (DAG) model to address the problem. The model can also be generalized to various settings due to its first-principles nature. Compared to the state-of-the-art real-time frame-level scheduling strategy for live streaming, Palantír reduces the anchor size by 80.1% at most and 38.4% on average without compromising the quality gain. Furthermore, Palantír incurs a scheduling latency accounting for only 0.6-3.9% of the end-to-end latency requirement for UHD live streaming. © 2025 Copyright is held by the owner/author(s). Publication rights licensed to ACM.

关键词： Deep neural networks

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Semi-Supervised Change Detection With Boundary Refinement Teacher

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IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 2025年 63卷

作者： Su, You Song, Yonghong Wu, Xiaomeng Hu, Hao Chen, Jingqi Wen, Zehan Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Software Engineering Xi’an710049 China Institute of Computing China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Ltd. Beijing100081 China

High-quality pseudo-labels are critical for guiding learning in semi-supervised change detection (SSCD). Recently, many SSCD methods based on consistency regularization (CR) have achieved advanced performance. These methods typically generate pseudo-labels by setting a fixed threshold. However, this strategy struggles to generate pseudo-labels with high-quality boundary details. To this end, we propose a novel SSCD method boundary refinement teacher (BRT) to enhance the boundary quality of pseudo-labels. A bi-temporal image boundary refinement (BIBR) module is designed to uncover boundary details in unlabeled images at first. BIBR explores the boundary characteristics of pseudo-labels by extracting the boundary blocks from its change map and re-delineates the boundary decision points with their magnified views. Then, a stable teacher parameter update (STPU) module is devised to sustain the semi-supervised learning (SSL) state steady, avoiding frequent updates to the teacher model parameters. These stable updates to teacher model parameters provide continuous and high-quality guidance, preventing pseudo-label fluctuations from disrupting the student model’s acquisition of new knowledge. Extensive experiments are conducted on three commonly used change detection (CD) datasets, encompassing buildings and multiple categories, covering SSCD settings, boundary metrics, and detailed ablation studies. Our results show that simply enhancing the boundary quality of the pseudo-labels allows the BRT to consistently deliver state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance in SSCD. © 1980-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Change detection

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