PR controller has been widely researched in various control systems for its robustness and simplicity. However, a traditional PR controller with relatively small integral gain, used for higher-order harmonics to keep ...
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Integrated energy systems have a significant role and non-negligible importance in modern energy systems. In order to improve the operating economy of the integrated energy system and at the same time to cope with the...
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Rotating machinery and equipment have a wide range of industrial applications, and it is important to perform intelligent fault detection during their operation. In order to fully capture the multi-scale features of m...
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The conventional straight microchannel heat sinks have been reported to inadequately remove the increasing power density of *** recent years,an effective heat transfer enhancement method,flow disruptions have attracte...
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The conventional straight microchannel heat sinks have been reported to inadequately remove the increasing power density of *** recent years,an effective heat transfer enhancement method,flow disruptions have attracted the attention of researchers,where interrupted structures are arranged in the microchannel to enhance flow mixing and heat ***,previous numerical studies of interrupted microchannel heat sinks(I MCHS)mainly focus on single-phase flow condition,and the characteristics of the boiling heat transfer of I MCHS in two-phase flow condition have been rarely ***,the flow and heat transfer characteristics of two I MCHS based on rectangular microchannel heat sink(R MCHS)are investigated by modeling both single-phase and two-phase flow *** two interrupts consist of a combination of cavities and ribs,namely elliptical cavities and elliptical side ribs(EC-ESR),and elliptical cavities and elliptical central ribs(EC-ECR).The results show that for single-phase flow condition,the maximum Nusselt number is increased by 187%in the EC-ESR design and150%in the EC-ECR design compared with the R *** subcooled boiling(i.e.,two-phase flow)condition,the EC-ECR design is a promising structure to enhance boiling heat transfer with 6.7 K reduction of average wall temperature and 29%increment of local heat transfer coefficient when compared with those of R ***,the local heat transfer coefficient in the EC-ESR design is decreased by 22%compared with the R MCHS due to the formation of a rare flow pattern(i.e.,inverted annular flow with vapor film separation)in the *** flow pattern can induce departure from nucleate boiling(DNB),thereby deteriorating the heat transfer on the channel walls.
In the rapidly evolving urban landscape,outdoor parking lots have become an indispensable part of the city’s transportation *** growth of parking lots has raised the likelihood of spontaneous vehicle combus-tion,a si...
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In the rapidly evolving urban landscape,outdoor parking lots have become an indispensable part of the city’s transportation *** growth of parking lots has raised the likelihood of spontaneous vehicle combus-tion,a significant safety hazard,making smoke detection an essential preventative ***,the complex environment of outdoor parking lots presents additional challenges for smoke detection,which necessitates the development of more advanced and reliable smoke detection *** paper addresses this concern and presents a novel smoke detection technique designed for the demanding environment of outdoor parking ***,we develop a novel dataset to fill the gap,as there is a lack of publicly available *** dataset encompasses a wide range of smoke and fire scenarios,enhanced with data augmentation to ensure robustness against diverse outdoor ***,we utilize an optimized YOLOv5s model,integrated with the Squeeze-and-Excitation Network(SENet)attention mechanism,to significantly improve detection accuracy while maintaining real-time processing ***,this paper implements an outdoor smoke detection system that is capable of accurately localizing and alerting in real time,enhancing the effectiveness and reliability of emergency *** show that the system has a high accuracy in terms of detecting smoke incidents in outdoor scenarios.
Ferrihydrite is an important sink for the toxic heavy metal ions, such as Cr(Ⅵ). As ferrihydrite is thermodynamically unstable and gradually transforms into hematite and goethite, the stability of Cr(Ⅵ)-adsorbed fer...
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Ferrihydrite is an important sink for the toxic heavy metal ions, such as Cr(Ⅵ). As ferrihydrite is thermodynamically unstable and gradually transforms into hematite and goethite, the stability of Cr(Ⅵ)-adsorbed ferrihydrite is environmentally significant. This study investigated the phase transformation of Cr(Ⅵ)-adsorbed ferrihydrite at different pH in the presence of aqueous Mn(Ⅱ), as well as the fate of Mn(Ⅱ) and Cr(Ⅵ) in the transformation process of ferrihydrite. Among the ferrihydrite transformation products, hematite was dominant, and goethite was minor. The pre-adsorbed Cr(Ⅵ) inhibited the conversion of ferrihydrite to goethite at initial pH 3.0, whereas little amount of adsorbed Mn(Ⅱ) favored the formation of goethite at initial pH 7.0. After the aging process, Cr species in solid phase existed primarily as Cr(Ⅲ) in the presence of Mn(Ⅱ) at initial pH 7.0 and 11.0. The aqueous Mn concentration was predominantly unchanged at initial pH 3.0, whereas the aqueous Mn(Ⅱ) was adsorbed onto ferrihydrite or form Mn(OH)_(2) precipitates at initial pH 7.0 and 11.0, promoting the immobilization of Cr(Ⅵ). Moreover, the oxidation of Mn(Ⅱ) occurred at initial pH 7.0 and 11.0, forming Mn(Ⅲ/Ⅳ)(hydr)oxides.
In this article, the consensus tracking problem of neural network (NN)-based adaptive iterative learning control (AILC) scheme is investigated for the nonlinear multiagent systems (MASs) with repetitive control tasks....
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Electrified transportation requires batteries with high energy density and high-rate capability for both charging and ***-ion batteries(LiBs)face a dilemma:increasing areal capacity and reducing electrode porosity to ...
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Electrified transportation requires batteries with high energy density and high-rate capability for both charging and ***-ion batteries(LiBs)face a dilemma:increasing areal capacity and reducing electrode porosity to boost energy density often reduces rate capability due to a longer and more tortuous ion transfer *** cell design parameters to balance these metrics is essential but ***,we present a multi-objective optimization framework targeting energy density,fast charging,high-rate discharging,and lifespan *** cell parameters-cathode areal capacity,N-P ratio,cathode porosity,and anode poros-ity-along with operating temperature,are selected as design variables.A physics-based pseudo-2D model,validated against experimental data,generates data to train the surrogate model,which is combined with the NSGA-Ⅱalgorithm for rapid *** different objective calculation methods are compared to identify the maximum sum of energy densities,lowest polarization,and most balanced performance,*** design parameters are optimized at different temperatures using the most balanced optimization *** demonstrate that elevating cell operating temperature achieves high-rate capability while maintaining high energy density,mitigating the energy-power trade-off and broadening battery design parameter ranges.
This work proposes an optimized voltage stabilization approach for electric vehicles (EVs) integrated with PV systems and a hybrid energy storage system (HESS). Specifically, the combination of Adaptive Penalty Model ...
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